Symbiosis, Parasitism, Mutualism, Commensalism

1. Ecological
Relationships
Saturday, September 7, 13

2. ❊ Ecology
❊ The study of the interaction of populations of living
organisms with other populations and with the
environment
Saturday, September 7, 13

3. ❊ Ecology
❊ The study of the interaction of populations of living
organisms with other populations and with the
environment❊ Population
Saturday, September 7, 13

4. ❊ Ecology
❊ The study of the interaction of populations of living
organisms with other populations and with the
environment❊ Population
❊ A group of individuals, all of the same species
Saturday, September 7, 13

5. ❊ Ecology
❊ The study of the interaction of populations of living
organisms with other populations and with the
environment❊ Population
❊ A group of individuals, all of the same species
Saturday, September 7, 13

6. ❊ Ecology
❊ The study of the interaction of populations of living
organisms with other populations and with the
environment❊ Population
❊ A group of individuals, all of the same species
❊ Community
Saturday, September 7, 13

7. ❊ Ecology
❊ The study of the interaction of populations of living
organisms with other populations and with the
environment❊ Population
❊ A group of individuals, all of the same species
❊ Community
❊ A group of different populations
Saturday, September 7, 13

8. ❊ Ecology
❊ The study of the interaction of populations of living
organisms with other populations and with the
environment❊ Population
❊ A group of individuals, all of the same species
❊ Community
❊ A group of different populations
Saturday, September 7, 13

9. ❊ Ecology
❊ The study of the interaction of populations of living
organisms with other populations and with the
environment❊ Population
❊ A group of individuals, all of the same species
❊ Community
❊ A group of different populations
❊ Abiotic factors
Saturday, September 7, 13

10. ❊ Ecology
❊ The study of the interaction of populations of living
organisms with other populations and with the
environment❊ Population
❊ A group of individuals, all of the same species
❊ Community
❊ A group of different populations
❊ Abiotic factors
❊ Oxygen concentration, salinity, temperature,
rainfall, etc.
Saturday, September 7, 13

11. Symbiotic Relationships
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12. ❊Symbiosis
❊A relationship between two species
❊Usually involves close physical contact
Symbiotic Relationships
Saturday, September 7, 13

13. ❊ The major types are ,
, , and relationships
❊Symbiosis
❊A relationship between two species
❊Usually involves close physical contact
Symbiotic Relationships
Saturday, September 7, 13

14. ❊ The major types are ,
, , and relationships
❊Symbiosis
❊A relationship between two species
❊Usually involves close physical contact
mutualism
Symbiotic Relationships
Saturday, September 7, 13

15. ❊ The major types are ,
, , and relationships
❊Symbiosis
❊A relationship between two species
❊Usually involves close physical contact
mutualism
commensalism
Symbiotic Relationships
Saturday, September 7, 13

16. ❊ The major types are ,
, , and relationships
❊Symbiosis
❊A relationship between two species
❊Usually involves close physical contact
mutualism
commensalism parasitism
Symbiotic Relationships
Saturday, September 7, 13

17. ❊ The major types are ,
, , and relationships
❊Symbiosis
❊A relationship between two species
❊Usually involves close physical contact
mutualism
commensalism parasitism
predator-prey
Symbiotic Relationships
Saturday, September 7, 13

18. Symbiotic Relationships
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19. ❊ Mutualism
❊A symbiotic relationship between two species
in which both species benefit
Symbiotic Relationships
Saturday, September 7, 13

20. ❊ Mutualism
❊A symbiotic relationship between two species
in which both species benefit
EXAMPLE:
❊ Microbes in the stomach of cattle
are responsible for the digestion of
cellulose (fiber in grass & hay)
❊The cattle benefit because they use
the glucose from the cellulose
digestion
❊ The microbes benefit because they
get a warm, moist, protected place
to live and all they food they need
Symbiotic Relationships
Saturday, September 7, 13

21. Symbiotic Relationships
Saturday, September 7, 13

22. ❊ Commensalism
❊A symbiotic relationship between two species
❊In which one species benefits, and the other
species is neither helped nor harmed
Symbiotic Relationships
Saturday, September 7, 13

23. ❊ Commensalism
❊A symbiotic relationship between two species
❊In which one species benefits, and the other
species is neither helped nor harmed
EXAMPLE:
❊ The worms benefit because
they get to travel through
nutrient-rich waters as the sea
turtle swims around (worms
attached to the docks are
stuck there)
❊ There is no direct benefit to
the turtle having worms stuck
on its back, nor does there
seem to be any harm done
Loggerhead turtle
& sea worms
Symbiotic Relationships
Saturday, September 7, 13

24. Symbiotic Relationships
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25. ❊ Parasitism
❊A symbiotic relationship between two species
❊In which one species benefits, and the other
species is harmed
❊The species that benefits is called a parasite, and
is typically much smaller than the other species
(the host)
Symbiotic Relationships
Saturday, September 7, 13

26. ❊ Parasitism
❊A symbiotic relationship between two species
❊In which one species benefits, and the other
species is harmed
❊The species that benefits is called a parasite, and
is typically much smaller than the other species
(the host)
❊ Example:
❊ microorganisms that cause
disease in humans,
animals, and plants
Symbiotic Relationships
Saturday, September 7, 13

27. Symbiotic Relationships
Saturday, September 7, 13

28. ❊ Predator-prey
❊A symbiotic relationship between two species
❊In which one species captures & kills the other
species for food
❊The species are generally about equal in size
❊The term is usually applied to animal species (or
certain types of protozoan species)
Symbiotic Relationships
Saturday, September 7, 13

29. ❊ Predator-prey
❊A symbiotic relationship between two species
❊In which one species captures & kills the other
species for food
❊The species are generally about equal in size
❊The term is usually applied to animal species (or
certain types of protozoan species)❊ Example:
❊ Lions and
wildebeests, Owl
and mouse
Symbiotic Relationships
Saturday, September 7, 13

30. Cattle with cattle egrets
Cattle stir up insects as they eat grass
Saturday, September 7, 13

31. Cattle with cattle egrets
Cattle stir up insects as they eat grass
What do the cattle get?
What do the egrets get?
Saturday, September 7, 13

32. Commensalism: one benefits, one is
unaffected
Cattle with cattle egrets
Cattle stir up insects as they eat grass
What do the cattle get?
What do the egrets get?
Saturday, September 7, 13

33. Moray Eel with
Cleaner Fish
Saturday, September 7, 13

34. Moray Eel with
Cleaner Fish
What does the
Moray Eel get?
What does the
Cleaner Fish get?
Saturday, September 7, 13

35. Mutualism:
both benefit
Moray Eel with
Cleaner Fish
What does the
Moray Eel get?
What does the
Cleaner Fish get?
Saturday, September 7, 13

36. Taenia worm in human eye
Worm infects human blood stream
Human may go blind
Saturday, September 7, 13

37. What does the human get?
What does the worm get?
Taenia worm in human eye
Worm infects human blood stream
Human may go blind
Saturday, September 7, 13

38. What does the human get?
What does the worm get?
Taenia worm in human eye
Worm infects human blood stream
Human may go blind
Parasitism: one benefits and
the other is harmed
Saturday, September 7, 13

39. Clown fish with anemone
Clown fish gets protection
Anemone is unaffected
Saturday, September 7, 13

40. Clown fish with anemone
Clown fish gets protection
Anemone is unaffected
Commensalism
Saturday, September 7, 13

41. Antelope with Oxbird
Antelope gets rid of parasites
Oxbird gets a meal
Saturday, September 7, 13

42. Antelope with Oxbird
Antelope gets rid of parasites
Oxbird gets a meal
Mutualism
Saturday, September 7, 13

43. A True Story...
Saturday, September 7, 13

44. A baby hippopotamus that survived the
tsunami waves on the Kenyan coast has formed
a strong bond with a giant male tortoise. The
hippopotamus, nicknamed Owen and weighing
about 300 kilograms (650 pounds), was swept
down Sabaki River into the Indian Ocean, then
forced back to shore when tsunami waves
struck the Kenyan coast on December 26, 2005
before wildlife rangers rescued him.
Saturday, September 7, 13

45. A-less-than-a-year-old hippo has adopted a
male tortoise, about a century old, and the
tortoise seems to be very happy with being a
'mother'," ecologist Paula Kahumbu
“It is incredible…
Saturday, September 7, 13

46. "After it was
swept and
lost its mother,
the hippo was
traumatized.
It had to look
for something
to be a
surrogate
mother.
Fortunately, it landed on the tortoise and
established a strong bond. They swim, eat and
sleep together," the ecologist added.
Saturday, September 7, 13

47. The hippo follows the tortoise exactly
the way it follows its mother. If
somebody approaches the tortoise, the
hippo becomes aggressive, as if
protecting its biological mother,"
Kahumbu added.
Saturday, September 7, 13

48. What type of relationship do the
hippo and the tortoise have?
Explain your answer.
Saturday, September 7, 13