2. • If you look at the reader feedback
for the past few years, you ‘ll see
that the synthesis and argument
prompts require you to make
YOUR CLAIM CLEARLY using logic!
That’s right—you must use LOGIC!
• As a result, these lend themselves
well to a Toulmin logic structure.

3. A Quick Review of Toulmin:
• Claim: the argument you wish to
prove
• Qualifiers: any limits you place on
your claim (can be expressed in
adverbs like usually, sometimes, etc.)
• Reasons/evidence: support for your
claim
• Warrants: underlying assumptions
that support your claim
• Backing: Evidence for a warrant

4. What does this mean for a thesis?
• It means, there’s an easy way to
remember how to structure your
thesis for Q1 and Q3:
(Your claim) proves valid/true, to
(a qualified degree), because of
(reasons), which make sense when
considering (the warrant), as shown in
(backing).

5. Another thesis option:
• Because (support), therefore,
(claim), since (warrant), on account
of (backing).
–An AP example:
• Because it is raining, I should take my
umbrella, since it will keep me dry, on
account of the fabric is waterproof,
unless there’s a hole in it.