SIGGRAPH 2012 Computational Plenoptic Imaging Course - 4 Light Fields
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SIGGRAPH 2012 Computational Plenoptic Imaging Course - 4 Light Fields
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SIGGRAPH 2012 Computational Plenoptic Imaging Course - 4 Light Fields
- 1. Light Field Acquisition Douglas Lanman NVIDIA Research
- 2. Introduction to Light Fields
- 3. The 5D Plenoptic Function P(q, f, l, t) Q: What is the set of all things that one can ever see? A: The Plenoptic Function [Adelson and Bergen 1991] (from plenus, complete or full, and optic)
- 4. The 5D Plenoptic Function P(q, f, l, t) Q: What is the set of all things that one can ever see? A: The Plenoptic Function [Adelson and Bergen 1991] (from plenus, complete or full, and optic)
- 5. The 5D Plenoptic Function P(q, f, l, t, px, py, pz ) P(q, f, l, t, px, py, pz ) defines the intensity of light: • as a function of viewpoint • as a function of time • as a function of wavelength
- 6. The 5D Plenoptic Function P(q, f, l, t, px, py, pz ) P(q, f, l, t, px, py, pz ) defines the intensity of light: • as a function of viewpoint • as a function of time • as a function of wavelength
- 7. The 5D Plenoptic Function Let’s ignore color and time (i.e., these are attributes of rays)… P(q, f, px, py, pz) The plenoptic function is 5D: • 3D position • 2D direction Require 5D to represent attributes across occlusions
- 8. The 4D Light Field Consider a region free of occluding objects… P(q, f, px, py, pz) The plenoptic function (light field) is 4D • 2D position • 2D direction The space of all lines in a 3D space is 4D [Levoy and Hanrahan 1996; Gortler et al. 1996]
- 9. Position-Angle Parameterization 2D position 2D direction s q
- 10. Two-Plane Parameterization 2D position 2D position u s
- 11. Alternative Parameterizations Left: Points on a plane or curved surface and directions leaving each point Center: Pairs of points on the surface of a sphere Right: Pair of points on two different (typically parallel) planes
- 12. Image-Based Rendering [Levoy and Hanrahan 1996] [Gortler et al. 1996] [Carranza et al. 2003]
- 13. Digital Image Refocusing Kodak 16-megapixel sensor 125μ square-sided microlenses [Ng 2005]
- 14. 3D Displays Parallax Panoramagram 3DTV with Integral Imaging MERL 3DTV [Kanolt 1918] [Okano et al. 1999] [Matusik and Pfister 2004]
- 15. Multiple Sensors
- 16. Static Camera Arrays Stanford Multi-Camera Array Distributed Light Field Camera 125 cameras using custom hardware 64 cameras with distributed rendering [Wilburn et al. 2002, Wilburn et al. 2005] [Yang et al. 2002]
- 18. Controlled Camera or Object Motion Stanford Spherical Gantry Relighting with 4D Incident Light Fields [Levoy and Hanrahan 1996] [Masselus et al. 2003]
- 19. Uncontrolled Camera or Object Motion Unstructured Lumigraph Rendering [Gortler et al. 1996; Buehler et al. 2001]
- 21. Parallax Barriers (Pinhole Arrays) barrier sensor Spatially-multiplexed light field capture using masks (i.e., barriers): • Cause severe attenuation long exposures or lower SNR • Impose fixed trade-off between spatial and angular resolution (unless implemented with programmable masks, e.g. LCDs) [Ives 1903]
- 22. Light Field Photograph (Sensor)
- 23. Light Field Photograph (Decoded) looking to the right looking up Sample Image [The (New) Stanford Light Field Archive]
- 24. Integral Imaging (“Fly’s Eye” Lenslets) lenslet f sensor Spatially-multiplexed light field capture using lenslets: • Impose fixed trade-off between spatial and angular resolution [Lippmann 1908]
- 25. Modern, Digital Implementations Digital Light Field Photography • Hand-held plenoptic camera [Ng et al. 2005] • Heterodyne light field camera [Veeraraghavan et al. 2007]