2. Frederick Law Homestead Act- Act
Olmsted- was passed by
Landscape Congress, offered
architect, started 160 acres of land
the movement for free to any citizen
planned urban who was the head
parks. Helped of household. For
draw plans for the next 40 years
various parks families took
and landscaping. advantage of this
offer.
1850 1857 1862
Soddy- A sod Bessemer process-
home, were Developed by
small, and offered British
little light or air. manufacturer Henry
Soddies were Bessemer and
fireproof but William Kelly.
leaked when it Method included
rained. Were injecting air into
made by pioneers molten iron and
and removing carbon
homesteaders. and other
impurities, used to
produce Steel.
3. Transcontinental
Railroad- This
was railroads that
extended west to
the Mississippi
River, crossed
Missouri. Formed
a golden spike,
which marked the
turning point for
the nation, made
other lines follow.
1862 1867 1868 1869
Exoduster- Oliver Kelly- He
African started Grange, Tammany Hall-
Americans that organized this This was New
moved from the because he York City's
post- pushed for Democratic Party
Reconstruction reformers. He political machine,
South to Kansas. eventually started started by William
Thousands of The Farmers' M. Tweed. The
these people Alliance, trying to Tweed Ring also
dealt with the help farmers. dealt with this.
Homestead Act
when settling.
4. Jacob Riis- Found
work as a police
reporter, and took Civil Service- Is a
his work to the government
slums of New administration that
York City. He should go to the
used his talents to most qualified
expose the people, this was
hardships of the believed by
city's poor. reformers.
Created the term
Dumbbell
Tenements.
1870 1871
John D. Trust- Is a large Tweed Ring-
Rockefeller- business, used by Started by Tweed
Established Rockefeller to and also dealt
Standard Oil gain control of oil with Tammany
Company. He industry in Hall. Started
reaped huge America. having his friends
profits by paying Companies were elected into office.
in low wages. entitled to
Also, founded the dividends on
Rockefeller profits earned by
Foundation. this.
5. Alexander
Graham Bell-
Invented the most
dramatic invention
for his time
period, the
Telephone.
1874 1876
Great Plains- The George Thomas Alva Telephone-
grassland Armstrong Edison- A Invented by Bell.
extended through Cluster- He pioneer, Opened up the
the west. Federal fought against the established the way for worldwide
government Sioux and world's first communications
passed an act so Cheyenne, and research network. This
that it made the died along with laboratory. Also, affected office
Plains a huge his men of the perfected work and created
reservation, set Seventh Cavalry. incandescent light jobs for women.
aside for Native bulbs and entire
Americans. system for
electrical power.
6. Dumbbell Grange- An
Tenements- organization for
These were farmers. Purpose
overcrowded and was to provide a
unsanitary social outlet and
multifamily urban educational forum
dwellings. After for isolated farm
working class families.
left, immigrants
took over their
housing.
1877 1878 1879 1870's
Nez Perce- A Homesteader- Long Drive- This
tribal group that Settlers on the is a overland
was forced off free land of the transport of the
their land. They Homestead Act. animals which
came back 120 often lasted about
years later to three months.
recover the land. Included
Native Americans numerous people
had harmless to complete the
interactions with dangerous trip.
Fremont and
expedition.
7. Melting Pot- A
mixture of people
of different
cultures and races
who are blended
together by
abandoning their
native languages
and customs. This
was thought by
Native-born
Americans.
1870's Late 1870's
National Farmers' Mark Twain- Longhorns-
Alliance- Named Samuel Animals from
Organized by Langhorne Texas, sturdy,
Grange, group Clemens, a short tempered
included many novelist and breeds
others who humorist. Inspired accustomed to the
sympathized with over authors dry, grasslands of
farmers. Alliances when he declared Southern Spain.
sent out lectures his independence Were raised by
to educate of "literature..." Spanish settlers
people. who taught
American settlers.
8. Joseph Pulitzer-
Hungarian
immigrant, bought
the New York
World, pioneered
popular
innovations.
Pulitzer surpassed
opponents by
emphasizing "sin,
sex, and
sensation."
1881 1883
Assimilation- Booker T. Sitting Bull-
Were supported Washington- Was Leader of the
by many a prominent Sioux, never
sympathizers, a African American signed. Earned
plan under which educator, believed his name after a
Native Americans that racism would fight with a crow.
would give up end once blacks Led people by the
their beliefs and acquired useful strength of his
way of life and labor skills and character and
become apart of more, Headed purpose.
white culture. Tuskegee Normal Surrendered to
and Industrial the federal
Institute. government.
9. Settlement
house-
Established by
few reformers,
community
centers in slum
neighborhoods.
These provided
assistance to
people in the
area, especially
immigrants.
1886 1887
Samuel Collective Dawes Act- Was
Gompers- Led Bargaining- A passed by
the Cigar Makers' negotiation Congress, aimed
International between at the Native
Union. President representations of Americans. This
of the American labor and act broke up the
Federation of management, to reservations and
Labor, focused on reach written gave some of the
collective agreements on land to individual
bargaining. wages, and Natives. Gave
various things, them 260 acres to
Gompers' AFL a family and less
dealt with this for individuals.
term.
10. Grandfather
Clause- Added by
several Southern
states to their
constitution. Stated
that even if a man
failed his literacy
test or couldn't
afford poll tax,
could still vote, if
father or
grandfather had
been eligible.
1888 1889
George Eastman- Poll tax- an Jane Adams-
He developed annual tax that One of the most
more convenient had to be paid influential
alternatives to before qualifying members of the
heavy glass to vote, even movement- Social
plates already applied to black Gospel, she and
used. Introduced and white others founded
kodak camera, sharecroppers Chicago's Hull
created a factory but were often too House.
in Rochester to poor to pay.
develop film for
photographers.
Photojournalism.
11. Late 1870/80's 1880's
Kickback- A Wild Bill Hickok- Political Machine-
Segregation- To Jim Crow Laws- portion of the He served as a Offered services
separate white Laws after a earning to the scout and a spy to voters and
and black people popular old minstrel machine. Illegal during the Civil businesses in
in public and song that ended in payments for their War, then as a exchange for
private facilities. the words "Jump services, marshal in political financial
Blacks lost voting Jim Crow." Law enriched the Abilene, Kansas. support. Also
rights,Southern dealt with political machine. Hickok was a known as a group
states passed segregation and violent man and that controlled
laws to enforce how the South put began the term of activities of
segregation. them in effect "dead man's political party in a
everywhere. hand", by getting city.
shot while playing
poker.
12. Angel Island- A
Graft- The illegal place where mostly
use of political Asian immigrants
influence for had to pass
personal gain. inspection at the
San Francisco Bay.
Immigrants
endured harsh
questionnaires in
filthy buildings while
awaiting decision.
1890
Wounded Knee- A Sherman Antitrust Ellis Island-A
battle that brought Act- Act made it place where
the Indian wars illegal to form a trust immigrants had to
and entire era to a that interfered with pass inspectors at
bitter end. Battle free trade between immigrant
was against states or with other stations. Ordeal
Seventh Cavalry countries. that could take up
and Sioux, Seventh Eventually to five hours or
Cavalry won. government stopped more. Happened
trying to enforce act. at New York
Harbor, Island
became chief
station.
13. Eugene V. Debs-
He made the first
major attempt to
form an industrial
union, the
American Railway
Union.
1892 1894 1895
Ida B. Wells- She Scab- Also known as W.E.B. Dubois-
was born into Strikebreakers, who He was the first
slavery, before were hired to keep African American
emancipation. operating while to receive a
Moved to Memphis guards from doctorate from
and worked as a Detective Agency to Harvard. He also
teacher, later protect the plant. founded the
became a editor. Scabs were hired by Niagara
Her theme was Pullman by ended up Movement in
Radical Justice. firing most of them 1905.
because of President
Cleveland.
14. Bimetallism- A
monetary system in
which government
would give citizens
either gold or silver
in exchange for
paper currency or
checks. Favored by
"silverites- farmers
and laborers.
1896 1898 1899 Late 1890's
Andrew Carnegie-
William Mckinley- William Jennings William Randolph
He became a
He was nominated Bryan- He was Hearst- Was a
private secretary at
for the 1896 nominated for the wealthy man,
Penn. Railroad.
Presidential 1896 Presidential already owned the
With help from his
campaign, campaign, San Francisco
boss Carnegie
Republican Party. Democratic Party. Examiner. Hearst
began his fortune in
he had a firm Had a difficult purchased Journal
stock. First of the
commitment to the campaign, leaked to outdo Pulitzer by
industrial moguls to
gold standard. support and lost filling his Journal
make his own
Won election, with the election to with exaggerated
fortune. Established
help of votes from Mckinley. tales of personal
Carnegie Steel
the west. scandals and more.
Company.
15. Orville and Wilbur
Urbanization-The Wright- Brothers
growth of cities that were the first
mostly in the to have a
regions of the successful flight in
Northeast and North Carolina.
Midwest. This Inspired the U.S.
was a rapid government to
process due to established first
the contribution of transcontinental
technology. airmail service.
Late 1800's Late 19th 1901 1903 1911
Century
Monopoly- A Debt Peonage-A
Social Darwinism- complete system that
Derived from the controller of its bound laborers
naturalist Charles industry's into slavery in
Darwin's theory of production, order to work off
biological wages, and a debt to the
evolution. Theory others. Was a employer. Mostly
was well liked by way to be set up Mexicans and
Economist, it was by buying out the African
a way to justify the stock of other Americans were
doctrine of laissez companies. forced into this.
faire. Headed by
banker J.P.
Morgan.
