SlideShare une entreprise Scribd logo

Unit 4 ch 16 s1 minerals and mineral resources

•Télécharger en tant que PPTX, PDF•
•
W
wja10255
1  sur  9
Chapter 16, Section 1: Minerals & Mineral Resources Standards: SEV4a, c, e MINING & MINERAL RESOURCES
WHAT IS A MINERAL?  Minerals are  Naturally occurring  Usually inorganic solids  Have characteristic chemical compositions  Orderly internal structures  Specific set of physical properties
WHAT DETERMINES THE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF MINERALS?  Minerals can be made of atoms of 1 single element.  Ex: silver- Ag  Minerals can be made of compounds- 2 or more different elements.  Ex: sand- SiO2 They Might Be Giants: "Meet the  The arrangements of Elements" (BB Video) - YouTube atoms and the strength of the bonds between them give minerals their physical properties.
WHAT ARE SOME MINERAL RESOURCES & THEIR USES?  Metallic minerals  Shiny surfaces, opaque  Can be pounded, pressed, stretched  Good conductors of heat, electricity  Durable, can resist corrosion  Can be combined to make an alloy  Alloys combine desirable properties of 2 different metals  Ex: titanium can be alloyed with aluminum to make strong, lightweight metal used to make stealth fighter  Examples:  Aluminum- cans, siding, cars  Copper- wires, heating, plumbing  Gold- computers, spacecraft, medicine  Iron- steel
WHAT ARE SOME MINERAL RESOURCES & THEIR USES?  Non-metallic minerals  Good insulators  Shiny or dull surfaces  Can be transluscent  Have variety of uses  Examples:  Gypsum- used to make sheetrock/wallboard  Sand/gravel- glass, building materials, computer chips  Sulfur- gunpowder, rubber  Phosphorus- fertilizer  Gemstones- jewelry (diamonds, ruby)
HOW DO ORE MINERALS FORM?  Leaching- groundwater moves down thru rock & heated by magma causing dissolved minerals to crystallize.  Magma- moves upward thru crust, cools, hardens, sinks due to density & forms metallic minerals  Evaporites- water in seas or lakes evaporates and leaves behind deposits of dissolved minerals (ex: rock salt)  Hydrothermal solutions- hot subsurface water with dissolved minerals flows thru cracks in ocean floor, dissolve other minerals in floor and form new compounds upon re-crystallization. Creates veins of ore.
WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN AN ORE MINERAL AND A GANGUE MINERAL?  Ore minerals- contain elements of some economic value  Ex: bauxite contains aluminum  Ex: halite contains rock salt  Gangue minerals- have no commercial value- basically waste rock  Consider a Hershey’s bar with almonds…  Gangue = wrapper  Ore mineral = chocolate  Element of economic value = almonds
HOW ARE ELEMENTS SEPARATED FROM ORE MINERALS & GANGUE?  Extraction- removal of ore mineral from the ground (mining)  Refining- removal of element from ore mineral & gangue  Must remove gangue from ore mineral first  Then remove ore mineral from element  Use chemicals, magnets, or crushing devices to separate the good from the waste.  For mining to be profitable, the price of the final product must be greater than the cost of extraction & refining.

Recommandé

Unit 4 ch 16 s3 mining regulations & mine reclamation
Unit 4 ch 16 s3 mining regulations & mine reclamationUnit 4 ch 16 s3 mining regulations & mine reclamation
Unit 4 ch 16 s3 mining regulations & mine reclamationwja10255
 
Unit 3 a ch 9 s1 studying human populations
Unit 3 a ch 9 s1 studying human populationsUnit 3 a ch 9 s1 studying human populations
Unit 3 a ch 9 s1 studying human populationswja10255
 
Unit 3 a ch 8 s1 how populations change in size
Unit 3 a ch 8 s1 how populations change in sizeUnit 3 a ch 8 s1 how populations change in size
Unit 3 a ch 8 s1 how populations change in sizewja10255
 
Unit 3 a ch 8 s2 how species interact with each other
Unit 3 a ch 8 s2 how species interact with each otherUnit 3 a ch 8 s2 how species interact with each other
Unit 3 a ch 8 s2 how species interact with each otherwja10255
 
Energy flow in ecosystems
Energy flow in ecosystemsEnergy flow in ecosystems
Energy flow in ecosystemswja10255
 
Unit 4 ch 17 s2 nuclear energy
Unit 4 ch 17 s2 nuclear energyUnit 4 ch 17 s2 nuclear energy
Unit 4 ch 17 s2 nuclear energywja10255
 
Water use & distribution
Water use & distributionWater use & distribution
Water use & distributionwja10255
 
Unit 3 a ch 9 s2 changing population trends
Unit 3 a ch 9 s2 changing population trendsUnit 3 a ch 9 s2 changing population trends
Unit 3 a ch 9 s2 changing population trendswja10255
 

Recommandé

Unit 4 ch 16 s3 mining regulations & mine reclamation
Unit 4 ch 16 s3 mining regulations & mine reclamationUnit 4 ch 16 s3 mining regulations & mine reclamation
Unit 4 ch 16 s3 mining regulations & mine reclamationwja10255
 
Unit 3 a ch 9 s1 studying human populations
Unit 3 a ch 9 s1 studying human populationsUnit 3 a ch 9 s1 studying human populations
Unit 3 a ch 9 s1 studying human populationswja10255
 
Unit 3 a ch 8 s1 how populations change in size
Unit 3 a ch 8 s1 how populations change in sizeUnit 3 a ch 8 s1 how populations change in size
Unit 3 a ch 8 s1 how populations change in sizewja10255
 
Unit 3 a ch 8 s2 how species interact with each other
Unit 3 a ch 8 s2 how species interact with each otherUnit 3 a ch 8 s2 how species interact with each other
Unit 3 a ch 8 s2 how species interact with each otherwja10255
 
Energy flow in ecosystems
Energy flow in ecosystemsEnergy flow in ecosystems
Energy flow in ecosystemswja10255
 
Unit 4 ch 17 s2 nuclear energy
Unit 4 ch 17 s2 nuclear energyUnit 4 ch 17 s2 nuclear energy
Unit 4 ch 17 s2 nuclear energywja10255
 
Water use & distribution
Water use & distributionWater use & distribution
Water use & distributionwja10255
 
Unit 3 a ch 9 s2 changing population trends
Unit 3 a ch 9 s2 changing population trendsUnit 3 a ch 9 s2 changing population trends
Unit 3 a ch 9 s2 changing population trendswja10255
 
Unit 3 b ch 10 s1 what is biodiversity
Unit 3 b ch 10 s1 what is biodiversityUnit 3 b ch 10 s1 what is biodiversity
Unit 3 b ch 10 s1 what is biodiversitywja10255
 
Water pollution
Water pollutionWater pollution
Water pollutionwja10255
 
Renew nonrenew
Renew nonrenewRenew nonrenew
Renew nonrenewwja10255
 
Unit 4 ch 17 s1 energy resources & fossil fuels
Unit 4 ch 17 s1 energy resources & fossil fuelsUnit 4 ch 17 s1 energy resources & fossil fuels
Unit 4 ch 17 s1 energy resources & fossil fuelswja10255
 
Unit 4 ch 16 s2 mineral exploration & mining
Unit 4 ch 16 s2 mineral exploration & miningUnit 4 ch 16 s2 mineral exploration & mining
Unit 4 ch 16 s2 mineral exploration & miningwja10255
 
Unit 3 b ch 10 s2 biodiversity at risk
Unit 3 b ch 10 s2 biodiversity at riskUnit 3 b ch 10 s2 biodiversity at risk
Unit 3 b ch 10 s2 biodiversity at riskwja10255
 
Unit 3 b ch 10 s3 future of biodiversity
Unit 3 b ch 10 s3 future of biodiversityUnit 3 b ch 10 s3 future of biodiversity
Unit 3 b ch 10 s3 future of biodiversitywja10255
 
Notebook check 3 yl
Notebook check 3 ylNotebook check 3 yl
Notebook check 3 ylwja10255
 
Unit 1 ch3 s2 the atmosphere
Unit 1 ch3 s2 the atmosphereUnit 1 ch3 s2 the atmosphere
Unit 1 ch3 s2 the atmospherewja10255
 
Unit 2 a ch 4 s2 evolution
Unit 2 a ch 4 s2 evolutionUnit 2 a ch 4 s2 evolution
Unit 2 a ch 4 s2 evolutionwja10255
 
Unit 7 ch 11 s3 water pollution
Unit 7 ch 11 s3 water pollutionUnit 7 ch 11 s3 water pollution
Unit 7 ch 11 s3 water pollutionwja10255
 
Unit 1 ch1 s1 understanding our environment
Unit 1 ch1 s1 understanding our environmentUnit 1 ch1 s1 understanding our environment
Unit 1 ch1 s1 understanding our environmentwja10255
 
Unit 5 b ch 13 s1 climate & climate change
Unit 5 b ch 13 s1 climate & climate changeUnit 5 b ch 13 s1 climate & climate change
Unit 5 b ch 13 s1 climate & climate changewja10255
 
Unit 5 b ch 13 s2 the ozone shield
Unit 5 b ch 13 s2 the ozone shieldUnit 5 b ch 13 s2 the ozone shield
Unit 5 b ch 13 s2 the ozone shieldwja10255
 
Unit 1 ch1 s2 the environment & society
Unit 1 ch1 s2 the environment & societyUnit 1 ch1 s2 the environment & society
Unit 1 ch1 s2 the environment & societywja10255
 
Unit 1 ch3 s1 the geosphere
Unit 1 ch3 s1 the geosphereUnit 1 ch3 s1 the geosphere
Unit 1 ch3 s1 the geospherewja10255
 
Unit 2 a ch 5 s3 how ecosystems change
Unit 2 a ch 5 s3 how ecosystems changeUnit 2 a ch 5 s3 how ecosystems change
Unit 2 a ch 5 s3 how ecosystems changewja10255
 
Unit 2 a ch 5 s1 energy flow in ecosystems
Unit 2 a ch 5 s1 energy flow in ecosystemsUnit 2 a ch 5 s1 energy flow in ecosystems
Unit 2 a ch 5 s1 energy flow in ecosystemswja10255
 
Unit 5 b ch 13 s3 global warming
Unit 5 b ch 13 s3 global warmingUnit 5 b ch 13 s3 global warming
Unit 5 b ch 13 s3 global warmingwja10255
 
Unit 7 ch 11 s2 water use & management
Unit 7 ch 11 s2 water use & managementUnit 7 ch 11 s2 water use & management
Unit 7 ch 11 s2 water use & managementwja10255
 
Unit 6 ch 15 s3 animals & agriculture
Unit 6 ch 15 s3 animals & agricultureUnit 6 ch 15 s3 animals & agriculture
Unit 6 ch 15 s3 animals & agriculturewja10255
 
Unit 6 ch 15 s2 pest control
Unit 6 ch 15 s2 pest controlUnit 6 ch 15 s2 pest control
Unit 6 ch 15 s2 pest controlwja10255
 

Contenu connexe

En vedette

Unit 3 b ch 10 s1 what is biodiversity
Unit 3 b ch 10 s1 what is biodiversityUnit 3 b ch 10 s1 what is biodiversity
Unit 3 b ch 10 s1 what is biodiversitywja10255
 
Water pollution
Water pollutionWater pollution
Water pollutionwja10255
 
Renew nonrenew
Renew nonrenewRenew nonrenew
Renew nonrenewwja10255
 
Unit 4 ch 17 s1 energy resources & fossil fuels
Unit 4 ch 17 s1 energy resources & fossil fuelsUnit 4 ch 17 s1 energy resources & fossil fuels
Unit 4 ch 17 s1 energy resources & fossil fuelswja10255
 
Unit 4 ch 16 s2 mineral exploration & mining
Unit 4 ch 16 s2 mineral exploration & miningUnit 4 ch 16 s2 mineral exploration & mining
Unit 4 ch 16 s2 mineral exploration & miningwja10255
 
Unit 3 b ch 10 s2 biodiversity at risk
Unit 3 b ch 10 s2 biodiversity at riskUnit 3 b ch 10 s2 biodiversity at risk
Unit 3 b ch 10 s2 biodiversity at riskwja10255
 
Unit 3 b ch 10 s3 future of biodiversity
Unit 3 b ch 10 s3 future of biodiversityUnit 3 b ch 10 s3 future of biodiversity
Unit 3 b ch 10 s3 future of biodiversitywja10255
 
Notebook check 3 yl
Notebook check 3 ylNotebook check 3 yl
Notebook check 3 ylwja10255
 
Unit 1 ch3 s2 the atmosphere
Unit 1 ch3 s2 the atmosphereUnit 1 ch3 s2 the atmosphere
Unit 1 ch3 s2 the atmospherewja10255
 
Unit 2 a ch 4 s2 evolution
Unit 2 a ch 4 s2 evolutionUnit 2 a ch 4 s2 evolution
Unit 2 a ch 4 s2 evolutionwja10255
 
Unit 7 ch 11 s3 water pollution
Unit 7 ch 11 s3 water pollutionUnit 7 ch 11 s3 water pollution
Unit 7 ch 11 s3 water pollutionwja10255
 
Unit 1 ch1 s1 understanding our environment
Unit 1 ch1 s1 understanding our environmentUnit 1 ch1 s1 understanding our environment
Unit 1 ch1 s1 understanding our environmentwja10255
 
Unit 5 b ch 13 s1 climate & climate change
Unit 5 b ch 13 s1 climate & climate changeUnit 5 b ch 13 s1 climate & climate change
Unit 5 b ch 13 s1 climate & climate changewja10255
 
Unit 5 b ch 13 s2 the ozone shield
Unit 5 b ch 13 s2 the ozone shieldUnit 5 b ch 13 s2 the ozone shield
Unit 5 b ch 13 s2 the ozone shieldwja10255
 
Unit 1 ch1 s2 the environment & society
Unit 1 ch1 s2 the environment & societyUnit 1 ch1 s2 the environment & society
Unit 1 ch1 s2 the environment & societywja10255
 
Unit 1 ch3 s1 the geosphere
Unit 1 ch3 s1 the geosphereUnit 1 ch3 s1 the geosphere
Unit 1 ch3 s1 the geospherewja10255
 
Unit 2 a ch 5 s3 how ecosystems change
Unit 2 a ch 5 s3 how ecosystems changeUnit 2 a ch 5 s3 how ecosystems change
Unit 2 a ch 5 s3 how ecosystems changewja10255
 
Unit 2 a ch 5 s1 energy flow in ecosystems
Unit 2 a ch 5 s1 energy flow in ecosystemsUnit 2 a ch 5 s1 energy flow in ecosystems
Unit 2 a ch 5 s1 energy flow in ecosystemswja10255
 
Unit 5 b ch 13 s3 global warming
Unit 5 b ch 13 s3 global warmingUnit 5 b ch 13 s3 global warming
Unit 5 b ch 13 s3 global warmingwja10255
 
Unit 7 ch 11 s2 water use & management
Unit 7 ch 11 s2 water use & managementUnit 7 ch 11 s2 water use & management
Unit 7 ch 11 s2 water use & managementwja10255
 

En vedette (20)

Unit 3 b ch 10 s1 what is biodiversity
Unit 3 b ch 10 s1 what is biodiversityUnit 3 b ch 10 s1 what is biodiversity
Unit 3 b ch 10 s1 what is biodiversity
 
Water pollution
Water pollutionWater pollution
Water pollution
 
Renew nonrenew
Renew nonrenewRenew nonrenew
Renew nonrenew
 
Unit 4 ch 17 s1 energy resources & fossil fuels
Unit 4 ch 17 s1 energy resources & fossil fuelsUnit 4 ch 17 s1 energy resources & fossil fuels
Unit 4 ch 17 s1 energy resources & fossil fuels
 
Unit 4 ch 16 s2 mineral exploration & mining
Unit 4 ch 16 s2 mineral exploration & miningUnit 4 ch 16 s2 mineral exploration & mining
Unit 4 ch 16 s2 mineral exploration & mining
 
Unit 3 b ch 10 s2 biodiversity at risk
Unit 3 b ch 10 s2 biodiversity at riskUnit 3 b ch 10 s2 biodiversity at risk
Unit 3 b ch 10 s2 biodiversity at risk
 
Unit 3 b ch 10 s3 future of biodiversity
Unit 3 b ch 10 s3 future of biodiversityUnit 3 b ch 10 s3 future of biodiversity
Unit 3 b ch 10 s3 future of biodiversity
 
Notebook check 3 yl
Notebook check 3 ylNotebook check 3 yl
Notebook check 3 yl
 
Unit 1 ch3 s2 the atmosphere
Unit 1 ch3 s2 the atmosphereUnit 1 ch3 s2 the atmosphere
Unit 1 ch3 s2 the atmosphere
 
Unit 2 a ch 4 s2 evolution
Unit 2 a ch 4 s2 evolutionUnit 2 a ch 4 s2 evolution
Unit 2 a ch 4 s2 evolution
 
Unit 7 ch 11 s3 water pollution
Unit 7 ch 11 s3 water pollutionUnit 7 ch 11 s3 water pollution
Unit 7 ch 11 s3 water pollution
 
Unit 1 ch1 s1 understanding our environment
Unit 1 ch1 s1 understanding our environmentUnit 1 ch1 s1 understanding our environment
Unit 1 ch1 s1 understanding our environment
 
Unit 5 b ch 13 s1 climate & climate change
Unit 5 b ch 13 s1 climate & climate changeUnit 5 b ch 13 s1 climate & climate change
Unit 5 b ch 13 s1 climate & climate change
 
Unit 5 b ch 13 s2 the ozone shield
Unit 5 b ch 13 s2 the ozone shieldUnit 5 b ch 13 s2 the ozone shield
Unit 5 b ch 13 s2 the ozone shield
 
Unit 1 ch1 s2 the environment & society
Unit 1 ch1 s2 the environment & societyUnit 1 ch1 s2 the environment & society
Unit 1 ch1 s2 the environment & society
 
Unit 1 ch3 s1 the geosphere
Unit 1 ch3 s1 the geosphereUnit 1 ch3 s1 the geosphere
Unit 1 ch3 s1 the geosphere
 
Unit 2 a ch 5 s3 how ecosystems change
Unit 2 a ch 5 s3 how ecosystems changeUnit 2 a ch 5 s3 how ecosystems change
Unit 2 a ch 5 s3 how ecosystems change
 
Unit 2 a ch 5 s1 energy flow in ecosystems
Unit 2 a ch 5 s1 energy flow in ecosystemsUnit 2 a ch 5 s1 energy flow in ecosystems
Unit 2 a ch 5 s1 energy flow in ecosystems
 
Unit 5 b ch 13 s3 global warming
Unit 5 b ch 13 s3 global warmingUnit 5 b ch 13 s3 global warming
Unit 5 b ch 13 s3 global warming
 
Unit 7 ch 11 s2 water use & management
Unit 7 ch 11 s2 water use & managementUnit 7 ch 11 s2 water use & management
Unit 7 ch 11 s2 water use & management
 

Plus de wja10255

Unit 6 ch 15 s3 animals & agriculture
Unit 6 ch 15 s3 animals & agricultureUnit 6 ch 15 s3 animals & agriculture
Unit 6 ch 15 s3 animals & agriculturewja10255
 
Unit 6 ch 15 s2 pest control
Unit 6 ch 15 s2 pest controlUnit 6 ch 15 s2 pest control
Unit 6 ch 15 s2 pest controlwja10255
 
Unit 6 ch 15 s2 crops & soil
Unit 6 ch 15 s2 crops & soilUnit 6 ch 15 s2 crops & soil
Unit 6 ch 15 s2 crops & soilwja10255
 
Unit 6 ch 15 s1 feeding the world
Unit 6 ch 15 s1 feeding the worldUnit 6 ch 15 s1 feeding the world
Unit 6 ch 15 s1 feeding the worldwja10255
 
Unit 6 ch 14 s3 land management & conservation
Unit 6 ch 14 s3 land management & conservationUnit 6 ch 14 s3 land management & conservation
Unit 6 ch 14 s3 land management & conservationwja10255
 
Unit 6 ch 14 s2 urban land use
Unit 6 ch 14 s2 urban land useUnit 6 ch 14 s2 urban land use
Unit 6 ch 14 s2 urban land usewja10255
 
Unit 4 ch 17 s2 nuclear energy
Unit 4 ch 17 s2 nuclear energyUnit 4 ch 17 s2 nuclear energy
Unit 4 ch 17 s2 nuclear energywja10255
 
Unit 4 ch 17 s1 energy resources & fossil fuels
Unit 4 ch 17 s1 energy resources & fossil fuelsUnit 4 ch 17 s1 energy resources & fossil fuels
Unit 4 ch 17 s1 energy resources & fossil fuelswja10255
 
Unit 2 a ch 5 s2 the cycling of materials
Unit 2 a ch 5 s2 the cycling of materialsUnit 2 a ch 5 s2 the cycling of materials
Unit 2 a ch 5 s2 the cycling of materialswja10255
 
Unit 2 a ch 4 s1 ecosystems- everything is connected
Unit 2 a ch 4 s1 ecosystems- everything is connectedUnit 2 a ch 4 s1 ecosystems- everything is connected
Unit 2 a ch 4 s1 ecosystems- everything is connectedwja10255
 
Unit 5 ch 12 s3 acid precipitation
Unit 5 ch 12 s3 acid precipitationUnit 5 ch 12 s3 acid precipitation
Unit 5 ch 12 s3 acid precipitationwja10255
 
Unit 5 ch 12 s2 air, noise, and light pollution
Unit 5 ch 12 s2 air, noise, and light pollutionUnit 5 ch 12 s2 air, noise, and light pollution
Unit 5 ch 12 s2 air, noise, and light pollutionwja10255
 
Unit 5 ch 12 s1 what causes air pollution
Unit 5 ch 12 s1 what causes air pollutionUnit 5 ch 12 s1 what causes air pollution
Unit 5 ch 12 s1 what causes air pollutionwja10255
 
Unit 7 ch 11 s1 water resources
Unit 7 ch 11 s1 water resourcesUnit 7 ch 11 s1 water resources
Unit 7 ch 11 s1 water resourceswja10255
 

Plus de wja10255 (14)

Unit 6 ch 15 s3 animals & agriculture
Unit 6 ch 15 s3 animals & agricultureUnit 6 ch 15 s3 animals & agriculture
Unit 6 ch 15 s3 animals & agriculture
 
Unit 6 ch 15 s2 pest control
Unit 6 ch 15 s2 pest controlUnit 6 ch 15 s2 pest control
Unit 6 ch 15 s2 pest control
 
Unit 6 ch 15 s2 crops & soil
Unit 6 ch 15 s2 crops & soilUnit 6 ch 15 s2 crops & soil
Unit 6 ch 15 s2 crops & soil
 
Unit 6 ch 15 s1 feeding the world
Unit 6 ch 15 s1 feeding the worldUnit 6 ch 15 s1 feeding the world
Unit 6 ch 15 s1 feeding the world
 
Unit 6 ch 14 s3 land management & conservation
Unit 6 ch 14 s3 land management & conservationUnit 6 ch 14 s3 land management & conservation
Unit 6 ch 14 s3 land management & conservation
 
Unit 6 ch 14 s2 urban land use
Unit 6 ch 14 s2 urban land useUnit 6 ch 14 s2 urban land use
Unit 6 ch 14 s2 urban land use
 
Unit 4 ch 17 s2 nuclear energy
Unit 4 ch 17 s2 nuclear energyUnit 4 ch 17 s2 nuclear energy
Unit 4 ch 17 s2 nuclear energy
 
Unit 4 ch 17 s1 energy resources & fossil fuels
Unit 4 ch 17 s1 energy resources & fossil fuelsUnit 4 ch 17 s1 energy resources & fossil fuels
Unit 4 ch 17 s1 energy resources & fossil fuels
 
Unit 2 a ch 5 s2 the cycling of materials
Unit 2 a ch 5 s2 the cycling of materialsUnit 2 a ch 5 s2 the cycling of materials
Unit 2 a ch 5 s2 the cycling of materials
 
Unit 2 a ch 4 s1 ecosystems- everything is connected
Unit 2 a ch 4 s1 ecosystems- everything is connectedUnit 2 a ch 4 s1 ecosystems- everything is connected
Unit 2 a ch 4 s1 ecosystems- everything is connected
 
Unit 5 ch 12 s3 acid precipitation
Unit 5 ch 12 s3 acid precipitationUnit 5 ch 12 s3 acid precipitation
Unit 5 ch 12 s3 acid precipitation
 
Unit 5 ch 12 s2 air, noise, and light pollution
Unit 5 ch 12 s2 air, noise, and light pollutionUnit 5 ch 12 s2 air, noise, and light pollution
Unit 5 ch 12 s2 air, noise, and light pollution
 
Unit 5 ch 12 s1 what causes air pollution
Unit 5 ch 12 s1 what causes air pollutionUnit 5 ch 12 s1 what causes air pollution
Unit 5 ch 12 s1 what causes air pollution
 
Unit 7 ch 11 s1 water resources
Unit 7 ch 11 s1 water resourcesUnit 7 ch 11 s1 water resources
Unit 7 ch 11 s1 water resources
 

Unit 4 ch 16 s1 minerals and mineral resources

  • 1. Chapter 16, Section 1: Minerals & Mineral Resources Standards: SEV4a, c, e MINING & MINERAL RESOURCES
  • 2. WHAT IS A MINERAL?  Minerals are  Naturally occurring  Usually inorganic solids  Have characteristic chemical compositions  Orderly internal structures  Specific set of physical properties
  • 3. WHAT DETERMINES THE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF MINERALS?  Minerals can be made of atoms of 1 single element.  Ex: silver- Ag  Minerals can be made of compounds- 2 or more different elements.  Ex: sand- SiO2 They Might Be Giants: "Meet the  The arrangements of Elements" (BB Video) - YouTube atoms and the strength of the bonds between them give minerals their physical properties.
  • 4. WHAT ARE SOME MINERAL RESOURCES & THEIR USES?  Metallic minerals  Shiny surfaces, opaque  Can be pounded, pressed, stretched  Good conductors of heat, electricity  Durable, can resist corrosion  Can be combined to make an alloy  Alloys combine desirable properties of 2 different metals  Ex: titanium can be alloyed with aluminum to make strong, lightweight metal used to make stealth fighter  Examples:  Aluminum- cans, siding, cars  Copper- wires, heating, plumbing  Gold- computers, spacecraft, medicine  Iron- steel
  • 5. WHAT ARE SOME MINERAL RESOURCES & THEIR USES?  Non-metallic minerals  Good insulators  Shiny or dull surfaces  Can be transluscent  Have variety of uses  Examples:  Gypsum- used to make sheetrock/wallboard  Sand/gravel- glass, building materials, computer chips  Sulfur- gunpowder, rubber  Phosphorus- fertilizer  Gemstones- jewelry (diamonds, ruby)
  • 6. HOW DO ORE MINERALS FORM?  Leaching- groundwater moves down thru rock & heated by magma causing dissolved minerals to crystallize.  Magma- moves upward thru crust, cools, hardens, sinks due to density & forms metallic minerals  Evaporites- water in seas or lakes evaporates and leaves behind deposits of dissolved minerals (ex: rock salt)  Hydrothermal solutions- hot subsurface water with dissolved minerals flows thru cracks in ocean floor, dissolve other minerals in floor and form new compounds upon re-crystallization. Creates veins of ore.
  • 7.
  • 8. WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN AN ORE MINERAL AND A GANGUE MINERAL?  Ore minerals- contain elements of some economic value  Ex: bauxite contains aluminum  Ex: halite contains rock salt  Gangue minerals- have no commercial value- basically waste rock  Consider a Hershey’s bar with almonds…  Gangue = wrapper  Ore mineral = chocolate  Element of economic value = almonds
  • 9. HOW ARE ELEMENTS SEPARATED FROM ORE MINERALS & GANGUE?  Extraction- removal of ore mineral from the ground (mining)  Refining- removal of element from ore mineral & gangue  Must remove gangue from ore mineral first  Then remove ore mineral from element  Use chemicals, magnets, or crushing devices to separate the good from the waste.  For mining to be profitable, the price of the final product must be greater than the cost of extraction & refining.

Notes de l'éditeur

  1. Notice the different mineral deposits around the world. Discuss imports and exports. What is mined near where we live? Where do most diamonds come from? Where are the most oil deposits?
  2. Top picture is of bauxite containing aluminum deposits