Low level oblique 1976 and 2007 aerial photos covering the Lake Michigan and Lake Superior shorelines in Wisconsin were used for qualitative mapping of conditions along the shoreline in a GIS database to support comparative analysis between the two time periods. Three components of the shoreline were captured for each time period: (1) beach/nearshore zone; (2) backshore zone; and (3) structure type (points), for non-linear or perpendicular structures (e.g. groins, jetties). This presentation will highlight some of the changes that did take place on the shoreline between 1976 and 2007. We will also present the processes and issues associated with capturing shoreline features using oblique photos within a GIS environment as well as issues related to storing, viewing and distributing these datasets. Finally, we will describe the applications and tools that are being developed to make the datasets and related information available to the public through a web-based mapping portal and its planned integration into the Wisconsin Coastal Atlas.

1. 1 Identifying and Representing Wisconsin’s Great Lakes Shoreline Jeff Stone Project Manager Association of State Floodplain Managers David M. Mickelson Principal Investigator Geo-Professional Consultants, LLC WLIA Conference February 17, 2011

2. 2 ASFPM Mission Mitigate the losses, costs, and human suffering caused by flooding. Protect the natural and beneficial functions of floodplains.

3. 3

4. Identifying and Representing Wisconsin’s Great Lakes Shoreline Overview 1976 oblique photos Comprehensive shore/bluff erosion project* 2007/08 color oblique images Qualitative classification Changes between time periods Public Access to photos/data 4 *Mickelson, D.M., Acomb, L., Brouwer, N., Edil, T.B., Fricke, C., Haas, B., Hadley, D., Hess, C., Klauk, R., Lasca, N. and Schneider, A.F., 1977, Shoreline erosion and bluff stability along Lake Michigan and Lake Superior shorelines of Wisconsin: Shore Erosion Technical Study Technical Report, Coastal Management Program, State Planning Office, 199 p. plus appendices.

5. 5 Identifying and Representing Wisconsin’s Great Lakes Shoreline 2008 1976 Door County

6. 6

7. Identifying and Representing Wisconsin’s Great Lakes Shoreline Project Tasks Geo-Locate 1976 oblique photos Capture 2007 oblique photos Photo Interpretation / Shoreline Classification Analysis, Results and Reporting Web Maps, Oblique Viewer & Public Access 7

8. 8 Scan photos Manually geo-locate Virtual Earth/Bing Maps Geo-locating 1976 oblique photos Photo Count L. Michigan ~ 1,517 L. Superior ~ 1,094* Green Bay n/a * Not complete

9. 9 Digital Cameras NIKON E8800 Panasonic DMC-FZ30 Garmin GPS GPS-Photo Link Capturing 2007 oblique photos Photo Count L. Michigan ~ 1,463 L. Superior ~ 2,755 Green Bay ~ 3,648

10. 10 GDB Feature Classes (3) Beach description (linear) Armored / Unarmored Protection class Beach class Backshore (linear) Type – no bluff / low bank or bluff Vegetation Condition – stable to failing Structure (point) Groin, jetty, or offshore breakwater Small Boat dock Photo Interpretation & Shoreline Classification

11. 11 Issues & Limitations Single Date Shoreline WDNR 24k Hydro Qualitative Classification Photo Interpretation Confidence levels Data Storage & Organization 10,000 + photos Manual geo-location process – human error Photo Interpretation & Shoreline Classification

12. 12 Photo Interpretation & Shoreline Classification 1976 Port Washington

13. 13 Photo Interpretation & Shoreline Classification 2007 Port Washington

14. 14 Shoreline Analysis & Results Shore Structures Beach Classification Bluff Classification

15. 15 Web Mapping & Oblique Viewer OpenGeo Community Suite Premier open source spatial relational database—fast, robust, full-featured Map and feature server providing standardized web access to GIS data sources and cartographic quality maps Web map accelerator, intelligently caching and serving tiles to make maps scale Industry-standard Javascript map controls for viewing and editing data from multiple sources Rich user interface controls for the geospatial web.

16. 16

17. 17

18. 18 Applications Public Outreach & Education Tourism Hazard Management (storms, erosion) Identify area of concern – e.g. unstable bluff Compare photos over time Create maps w/ supporting photos Waterfront Planning Watershed Management Web Mapping & Oblique Viewer

19. 19 1. Web Map & Oblique Viewer 2. Image/Feature Catalog Bulk downloads By Geography GeoNetwork Public Access to Photos and Data

20. 20 1. Web Map & Oblique Viewer w/ basic data access March – April 2011 2. Image/Feature Catalog November – December 2011 Coming Soon!

21. 21 Oblique Viewer Custom selection of photo points Additional navigation tools Historic Shorelines Erosion rates Additional Oblique Imagery Great Lakes Flood Hazard Mapping – FEMA/USACE City / County photos User-added photos Wisconsin Coastal Atlas Future Directions

22. 22 Funding provided by: Jason Hochschild, SK1 Consulting, LLC Web Map & Oblique Viewer Lisa Colville, UW Madison Geology Dept. Project Analyst David Hart, UW Sea Grant Institute Project Support Acknowledgments

23. 23 Thank You Jeff Stone jeff@floods.org WLIA Conference February 17, 2011