1. Industries and
Services
Chapter 11

3. Where did the Industrial Revolution
begin, and how did it Diffuse?

4. Industrial Revolution:
dramatic innovations in manufacturing, mining,
transportation and communication that results
in rapid changes in society and commerce
1730s to 1860s First Phase of the Industrial Revolution.
Textiles, Iron Production, Steam Power
1860s to 1914 Second Phase of the Industrial Revolution
Steel, Chemicals, Railroads, Gasoline Engine, and
mass production.
Post WWII Third Phase of the Industrial Revolution
high technology-computerization, miniaturization
and automation

5. Flow of Capital into Europe, 1775-Needed flow of capital in
order to fuel the industrial revolution.

6. Textiles
Production:
Liverpool and
Manchester
Iron
Production:
Birmingham
Coal Mining:
Newcastle

7. Why England?
• Geographic Advantages:
– Island-not invaded
– Resources-coal, iron ore,
water power, rivers
• Political Advantages:
– Stable government-
encouraged business
• Cultural Advantages:
– Entrepreneurs willing to
take a risk & inventors. A
monopoly of skilled
workers

8. •Economic Advantages:
–Banking system and
available capital
–The Agricultural
Revolution and Enclosure
Movement -supply of
cheap and abundant
labor.
–A large merchant fleet
was protected by an
efficient navy.
–Mercantilism-colonies
provided sources of raw
materials and markets.

9. James Watt’s improved
steam made steam power
A versatile form of energy
for mining, iron production,
transportation and even,
the milling of flour and
brewing of beer.

10. • Abraham Darby ‘s coking
process, which baked the
impurities from coal,
gradually replaced scarce
charcoal as the fuel for
iron production.
• Pictured at right are
some of the original
coking ovens in
Northumberland,
England.

11. The Iron Bridge, the
world’s first bridge
built of iron

12. Transportation-Railroads