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Types of Iron and Steel By: Karan Vohra – B.Tech IIT BHU  (Department of Metallurgical Engineering)
Pig iron C-  3.5 to 4.5%  (makes it brittle) Si -  0.5 to 1.2% Mn- 0.4 to 1.0% P – 0.15% S- 0.04% Not suitable for any commercialapplication.Further sent for steel makingor foundries. 2
Cast iron carbon content between 2.5%-4%    because of its ease of castability….. Si -  1 to 3 wt% ,[object Object],C  -  2.5 to 4.0%  Si -  1 to 3% (graphite stabilizing ) Mn- 0.5 to 0.8%, P – 0.2%, S- 0.1% Excellent damping capacity, Low solidification shrinkage Good lubricant ,[object Object],Cementitic microstructure C  -  2.5 to 4.0%  Si -  0.2 to 0.6% (low , so cementite stabilizing ) Mn- 0.5 to 0.8%, P – 0.2%, S- 0.1% Excellent compression strength WCI + GCI used in ball mills ,[object Object],C  -  0.08 to 0.5 wt%  plus slag inclusions Si -  1 to 3 wt% Mn- 0.5 to 0.8% P – 0.2% S- 0.1%Electrical fittings, hand tools, pipe fittings 3
DUCTILE / SG/ NODULAR IRON C: 3.3 to 3.4%    Si: 2.2 to 2.8% Mn: 0.1 to 0.5%   Mg: 0.03 to 0.05%   P:  0.005 to 0.04%    S: 0.005 to 0.02%          High Ductility due to nodular graphite inclusions          Mg is the nodulizer          Application: Trucks, Tractors, oil well pumps
Steel carbon content between 0.2% and 2.1%  ,[object Object]
Mild steel contains 0.16–0.29% carbonAmenability to welding and tooling.  Application: Sheeting and structural forms ,[object Object], Approximately 0.30–0.59% carbon content.  Balances ductility and strength and has good wear resistance Application: in large parts, forging and automotive components, railway tracks ,[object Object], Approximately 0.6–0.99% carbon content.  Great hardness and brittleness.  Application: Dies and cutting tools  ,[object Object], Approximately 1.0–2.0% carbon content  Application: knives, axles or punches  ,[object Object],1.50-1.80% Si, 0.70-1.00% Mn  and 0.52-0.60% C very high yield strength. Si is the main element 5
 Alloy Steel (contains non-carbon elements) ,[object Object]
HSLA steel: high formability and weldability

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Types of Iron and Steel Classification Guide

  • 1. Types of Iron and Steel By: Karan Vohra – B.Tech IIT BHU (Department of Metallurgical Engineering)
  • 2. Pig iron C- 3.5 to 4.5% (makes it brittle) Si - 0.5 to 1.2% Mn- 0.4 to 1.0% P – 0.15% S- 0.04% Not suitable for any commercialapplication.Further sent for steel makingor foundries. 2
  • 3.
  • 4. DUCTILE / SG/ NODULAR IRON C: 3.3 to 3.4% Si: 2.2 to 2.8% Mn: 0.1 to 0.5% Mg: 0.03 to 0.05% P: 0.005 to 0.04% S: 0.005 to 0.02% High Ductility due to nodular graphite inclusions Mg is the nodulizer Application: Trucks, Tractors, oil well pumps
  • 5.
  • 6.
  • 7.
  • 8. HSLA steel: high formability and weldability
  • 9.
  • 10.
  • 11.
  • 13. 'worked' into chains and ornamental ironwork such as gates and railings.
  • 14. is more suitable for forging or rollingC - 0.05 to 0.25 wt% Fe- 99-99.8% plus slag inclusions which mostly contains Si - 0.02-0.2wt% Mn- 0.01 to 0.1% P – 0.05 to 0.2%(increase corrosion resistance) S- 0.02-0.1% (decrease corrosion resistance) 8