1. Ch. 13 Section 1: The Renaissance begins in Italy

2. Between 1300 and 1600 the Western world was transformed. An extraordinary wave of artistic and cultural innovation shattered medieval society and brought European culture into the modern era. This was the Renaissance . Michelangelo’s The Creation of Adam. Sistine Chapel ceiling; Italy’s Vatican City. INTRODUCTION: PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins High School

4. The Renaissance 1300-1600 began in Italy. Locate Florence. PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins High School

6. Florence, Italy today . PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins High School Renaissance begins in Italy ...

11. Renaissance – is the French translation of the Italian word rinascita which means, “rebirth.” But “rebirth” of what? The Renaissance style would focus on 2 Main Components : I. a “rebirth” or return of the classical style developed by the ancient Greeks and Romans, II. an intensified concern with secular life—interest in humanism and assertion of the importance of the individual. B. Determining Word Meaning Renaissance – the rebirth of great art and classical learning that began in northern Italy around 1300 A.D. PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins High School Video Clip.

12. I. a “rebirth” or return of the classical style developed by the ancient Greeks and Romans, II. an intensified concern with secular life—interest in humanism and assertion of the importance of the individual. St. Sebastian Andrea Mantegna. Painted, ca. 1480. Louvre Museum, Paris. “ David” * Michelangelo. Carved 1501-04. Galleria Academia, Florence. The Renaissance style would focus on 2 Main Components :

16. PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins High School 2. How did ideas about piety and a simple life change? Although people remained Christians; the everyday society was becoming more secular (emphasizing non-religious pursuits / concerned with the here and now). The wealthy, the educated, and even upper-clergy believed they could enjoy life now without fear of offending God. In these two works we see mankind “enjoying life.” Left: The Peasant Dance by Pieter Brueghel the Elder. Right: a section of Garden of Earthly Delights by the innovative painter Hieronymous Bosch.

17. PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins High School 4. What effects did the emphasis on individuals have on painters and sculptors? Artists now painted portraits of prominent citizens, showed their distinct characteristics; Chancellor Rolin and the Virgin ~ Jan Van Eyck 1435 Louvre Museum, Paris. Identify characteristics of Renaissance painting. Artists now painted portraits of prominent citizens, showed their distinct characteristics;

18. PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins High School 4. What effects did the emphasis on individuals have on painters and sculptors? Artists now painted portraits of prominent citizens, showed their distinct characteristics; they developed perspective in order to achieve realism in their art; B. Determining Word Meaning perspective – an art technique that gives the appearance of three-dimensional realism, distance, or depth . Marriage of the Virgin - Raphael

19. PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins High School 4. What effects did the emphasis on individuals have on painters and sculptors? Artists now painted portraits of prominent citizens, showed their distinct characteristics; they developed perspective in order to achieve realism in their art; they glorified the human body in relaxed, natural poses (as did the Greeks). “ The Birth of Venus” ~ Botticelli 1485 Painted for the villa of Lorenzo de Medici, Florence Italy.

20. COMPARING MEDIEVAL TO RENAISSANCE ART “ Three Muses” ancient Greek fresco, 5 th c. B.C. PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins High School

21. COMPARING MEDIEVAL TO RENAISSANCE ART In this Medieval manuscript, the Three Graces are seen covering themselves modestly with a blanket inscribed with Latin scripture verses. In the Renaissance, Botticelli’s work “Primavera” depicts the Three Graces swirling in movement and vitality. The beauty of the human form is appreciated. PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins High School

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32. (“Creation of Adam”); The Sistine Chapel Ceiling * ~ Michelangelo. Does man appear equal to God? Care about God? Need God? Recently restored. PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins High School

35. RENAISSANCE ART Reveals struggle between Faith vs. Reason; Biblical vs. Scientific; Secular vs. Sacred, etc. Is the Church being pushed aside, Science now in the foreground? Or, is the artist indicating that from above Christ looks down in judgment upon Science? PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins High School

36. Renaissance artists were no longer regarded as mere artisans, as they had been in the medieval past… but for the first time emerged as independent personalities, comparable to poets and writers… They sought new solutions to visual problems, As a result, the painted surface was regarded as a window on the natural world, and it became the task of painters to portray this world in their art. and many of them were also devoted to scientific experimentation. In so doing, perspective was developed, a system in which all objects in a painting are related both proportionally and rationally, objects in background get smaller as they recede compared to foreground…gives appearance of 3-D. PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins High School

37. FOCAL POINT “Bacchus” ~ Titian. PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins High School

38. FOCAL POINT

39. FOCAL POINT “ The Last Supper” ~ Leonardo da Vinci * PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins High School

42. Virgin of the Rocks ~ Leonardo da Vinci National Gallery, London.

43. WORKS OF THE RENAISSANCE MASTERS , MICHELANGELO “ The David” PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins High School

50. WORKS OF THE RENAISSANCE MASTERS , ~ Leonardo da Vinci Louvre Museum Paris Mona Lisa * PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins High School Leonardo da Vinci

51. WORKS OF THE RENAISSANCE MASTERS , Leonardo da Vinci “ The Last Supper” PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins High School

52. WORKS OF THE RENAISSANCE MASTERS , Leonardo da Vinci “ Mona Lisa” “ The Last Supper” Defense Contractor – “Artillery” & “StoneThrower” Engineer – “Levers & Gears” Inventor “Flying Machine” PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins High School

53. WORKS OF THE RENAISSANCE MASTERS , Leonardo da Vinci “ Mona Lisa” “ The Last Supper” Scientist / Anatomy Inventor PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins High School

54. WORKS OF THE RENAISSANCE MASTERS , Leonardo da Vinci “ Mona Lisa” “ The Last Supper” Scientist / Anatomy Inventor His theories are contained in numerous notebooks, most of which were written in mirror script . Because they were not easily decipherable, Leonardo's findings were not disseminated in his own lifetime; had they been published, they would have revolutionized the science of the 16th century . Leonardo actually anticipated many discoveries of modern times. In anatomy he studied the circulation of the blood and the action of the eye. He made discoveries in meteorology and geology, learned the effect of the moon on the tides, foreshadowed modern conceptions of continent formation, and surmised the nature of fossil shells. He was among the originators of the science of hydraulics and probably devised the hydrometer; his scheme for the canalization of rivers still has practical value. He invented a large number of ingenious machines, many potentially useful, among them an underwater diving suit. His flying devices, although not practicable, embodied sound principles of aerodynamics. - Encarta, 2001. PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins High School

55. WORKS OF THE RENAISSANCE MASTERS , Leonardo da Vinci “ Mona Lisa” “ The Last Supper” 1452-1519 Painter, Inventor, Scientist… RENAISSANCE MAN ! Can you match these great works of art to their artist? PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins High School

59. THE END ! “David,” (rear view)

60. DAY 2

61. The Renaissance 1300-1600 began in Italy. Locate Florence. PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins High School Let’s Review.

67. PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins High School 5. How did writers reflect Renaissance values in their work? They wrote in the vernacular ; wrote about non-religious (secular) topics – simply for leisure, fun, self-expression; and pursued independent thought and investigation rather than simply accepting what the church taught. B. Determining Word Meaning vernacular – the language of the local people. (not Latin!) Petrarch , often called the “father of humanism” authored beautiful sonnets in the vernacular Italian and they were about a love of his life named Laura.

68. PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins High School 6. How did the writing of Petrarch, Boccaccio, and Machiavelli demonstrate the values of humanism? Petrarch wrote about Laura – an ideal woman. Boccaccio wrote about the follies of characters in the Decameron . Machiavelli wrote about the imperfect conduct of humans in The Prince. Born May 3, 1469 in Florence, Italy, Machiavelli was a political philosopher during the Renaissance, and is most famous for his political treatise, The Prince (1513), It has become a cornerstone of modern political philosophy. “ No enterprise is more likely to succeed than one concealed from the enemy until it is ripe for execution.” —Machiavelli from The Art of War

69. “Being a good ruler means sometimes doing the unpopular in order to achieve what is best for one’s people in the long run.” “ The End justifies the Means.” “ A shrewd politician knows he may have to sometimes employ devious methods if he is to stay in power.” “ At any given time a ruler may be faced with sending men to their deaths in battle. He must be willing to sacrifice those few in order to save the many.” “Rulers can not be expected to live under the same “morality” as the masses they rule. They must at times choose corrupt, distasteful, even evil means in order to achieve a final good for their people.” “ It is better that a Ruler should be feared by his people than loved by them.” ~ Machiavelli DO YOU AGREE or DISAGREE? PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins High School

70. Niccolò Machiavelli was an Italian statesman and writer and is considered one of the most significant political thinkers of the Renaissance. His best-known work, The Prince, describes cunning and unscrupulous methods for rulers to gain and keep power. A.) The Prince (1532; trans. 1640) - describes the method by which a prince can acquire and maintain political power. B.) It is believed he was defending the tyranny of such cruel rulers of his day as Cesare Borgia. C.) He believed that a ruler is not bound by traditional ethical norms like the people the ruler’s rules should be. D.) a prince should be concerned only with power and be bound only by rules that would lead to success in political actions. “ The End justifies the Means .” “ Better to be feared than loved.” E.) believed that these rules could be discovered by deduction from the political practices of the time, as well as from those of earlier periods. PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins High School

71. Today we still use the phrase machiavellian to refer to someone who pursues an action that, though may not be viewed as morally right, he believes will be politically effective. Can you think of examples in American or World History / Politics of leaders whose decisions might be considered machiavellian ?

72. Duomo Cathedral , completed in 1436 by Filippo Brunelleschi Florence, Italy. “ The Three Philosophers” by Venetian painter Giorgione 1508. <<<< A.) Identify three features in this painting that make it clearly a Renaissance work: B.) Built in the 15 th century, why is this cathedral a good example of Renaissance architecture?