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Biodiesel Fuel Quality Technical Overview
- 1. Biodiesel Fuel Quality & Technical Overview National Biodiesel Board Technician Outreach Program
- 6. Transesterification (the biodiesel reaction) Fatty Acid Chain Glycerol Methanol (or Ethanol) One triglyceride molecule is converted into three mono alkyl ester (biodiesel) molecules Biodiesel Triglyceride
- 22. Karl Fischer : Moisture Determination
- 28. Good conversion
- 32. Cloud Point & CFPP
- 40. MP Biomedicals
- 42. 0.2139 Bound Glycerin Although cloudy, there were no droplets of precipitate. 0.0900 Bound Glycerin Crystal clear, no cloudiness or precipitate. Samples Passing 3/27
- 43. 0.9256 Bound Glycerin Note the falling droplets of unreacted oil. Samples Failing 3/27 1.8260 Bound Glycerin
- 45. Acid Number Qualitative Tests
- 47. Soap Test Titrating from blue/green to straw yellow….
- 48. Wilkes InfraSpec measures percent biodiesel in diesel fuel, ethanol in gasoline, water in ethanol as well as total glycerides during the biodiesel pass/fail determination in less than 5 minutes.
- 49. Paradigm Sensors * Paradigm Sensors’i-SPEC™ tests TOTAL GLYCERIN in blended fuels (B6-B20), which is in accordance with ASTM proposal that the biodiesel portion of the fuel must meet ASTM 6751 prior to blending.
- 50. Fleet Biodiesel
- 51. pHLip Test
- 52. Wika Water Test
- 54. Bacteria Growth Fungal Growth
Editor's Notes
- Revised 9 Aug 02 The ASTM system is the basis for defining product specifications and measurement methods for most segments of the fuels and industrial products market in the U.S. ASTM D 6751 – 02 sets forth the specifications that must be met for a fatty acid ester product to carry the designation “biodiesel fuel” or “B100”. Products that meet the specification, by implication, will perform properly as a compression ignition fuel either as B100 or in blends with any petroleum-derived diesel fuel defined by ASTM Specification D 975 Grades 1-D, 2-D, and low sulfur 1-D and 2-D. The instructional goals for this module are: Become familiar with the structure of ASTM Specification and Methods documents. Learn the Specifications for B 100 fuel. Introduce the Methods used to measure the performance parameters for B 100 fuel.
- Note 2006 and 2007 Quality Surveys
- Note 2006 and 2007 Quality Surveys
- Making high quality biodiesel consistently is of utmost importance The biggest concerns in making high quality biodiesel completeness of conversion and presence of contaminants like soap, glycerol, water, methanol, or unreacted catalyst. Common factors affecting quality are feedstock (FFA concentration and moisture content), appropriate quantity of catalyst; adequate agitation, adequate reaction heat and time; and thorough washing.
- Reagents and Reference Materials - Most tests use reagents to prepare samples and/or reference materials for comparison of test results. This section provides detailed instructions with respect to the sourcing, specifications and maintenance of these materials. Sampling – The Methods prescribed for the taking, preparing, and maintaining of the test samples are set forth in this section. Careful attention to the Sampling section is critical in the ASTM testing process. Preparation of the Apparatus – The goal of the ASTM procedures is reproducibility over time and among laboratories. For this reason, there are detailed instructions for ensuring that the measurement apparatus is functioning properly and reproducibly before each test. Calibration – As a final determinant of proper functioning, many of the test instruments employ measurement of the property in question using a reference material as a part of the test methodology. The calibration procedure is an assurance that systematic errors are identified before actual testing begins. Procedure – This section provides detailed step-by-step instructions on how to conduct the measurements. It is particularly important to document each step and the results as the test procedure is performed.
- Biodiesel can contain up to 1500ppm of dissolved water which can show up with a Karl Fischer Titration but this water may not show up in the water & sediment test.
- The fundamental principle behind it is based on the Bunsen Reaction between iodine and sulfur dioxide in an aqueous medium. Karl Fischer discovered that this reaction could be modified to be used for the determination of water in a non-aqueous system containing an excess of sulfur dioxide. He used a primary alcohol (methanol) as the solvent, and a base (pyridine) as the buffering agent. Water and iodine are consumed in a 1:1 ratio in the above reaction. Once all of the water present is consumed, the presence of excess iodine is detected voltametrically by the titrator’s indicator electrode. That signals the end-point of the titration. The amount of water present in the sample is calculated based on the concentration of iodine in the Karl Fisher titrating reagent (i.e., titer) and the amount of Karl Fisher Reagent consumed in the titration.
- Determined by heating the fuel in the presence of air so that all organic materials are burned away & only inorganic materials are left. The ash is then treated with sulfuric acid to enhance sensitivity to sodium & potassium compounds that remain from the catalyst. “Bake & measure”
- Some animal fats & recycled oils have high sulfur levels and may not meet S15. This fuel can be sold into the offroad markets under the 500ppm sulfur fuels.
- Also function of feedstock The more saturated the fat, the higher the cloud point (50-60F)
- Making high quality biodiesel consistently is of utmost importance The biggest concerns in making high quality biodiesel completeness of conversion and presence of contaminants like soap, glycerol, water, methanol, or unreacted catalyst. Common factors affecting quality are feedstock (FFA concentration and moisture content), appropriate quantity of catalyst; adequate agitation, adequate reaction heat and time; and thorough washing.
- The InfraSpec can measure percent biodiesel in diesel fuel, ethanol in gasoline, water in ethanol as well as total glycerides during the biodiesel reaction process. Using the InfraSpec Spectrometer for making pass/fail determinations for total glycerides can significantly reduce analysis time and increase reactor throughput by as much as 20 percent. The InfraSpec VFA-IR Spectrometer is compact and portable and has a simplified software interface for non-technically trained personnel giving the user the capability to measure the blend ratio of biofuels or total glycerides on site or at a manufacturing facility.
- Paradigm Sensors’ i-SPEC™ Q-100 handheld field unit is capable of testing total glycerin, acid number, and methanol as well as biodiesel concentration, between B0 to B100, correlating with current FTIR and GC reference methodology
- ASTM Standards: - All biodiesel sold should meet the the ASTM standards BQ 9000 Certification: - Two types of certification: Accredited Producer and Certified Marketer - in its introductory stages, only a few producers are accredited