1. BRIDGING MINES AND
COMMUNITIES IN SOUTH AFRICA:
A SUSTAINABLE SOLUTION
Team #20
Rosalyn Chan
Duncan Pieterse
Dennis Wang
Lauren Tronick
2. Mining Matters.
• Contribution to GDP:
• 8.8% Direct, 18% Indirect/Induced
• Economic Investment
• Accounted for 29% of All-share index at the end of 2011
• Employment and Absorption of an Unskilled Work force
• Direct: 498,141 workers, Indirect: 500,000 workers
• Foreign Exchange
• Primary mineral sales exports are 28% of total merchandise exports
• South Africa’s mines are the world’s largest producers of
key minerals
3. Mining Comes at a Human Cost.
Health Environment Social
• Family Separation
• TB • Acid Mine Drainage
• HIV • Increased
• Erosion and Engagement with
• Noise-Induced Sedimentation Commercial Sex
Hearing Loss Workers
• Pneumoconiosis
• Cyanide/Chemical
Releases • Boom-and-Bust
• Silicosis Development
• Asbestosis • Dust Emissions • Lack of mining-
• Combination with
TB
• Habitat Modification community
integration
• Chronic • Surface and
• Unrest due to
Obstructive Airway groundwater
Disease insufficient
compensation
5. The Dust Initiative.
Problem: Burden of Respiratory Disease
Solution: Prevent.
•Primary prevention: Engineering controls
•Secondary prevention: Surveillance and
screening
•Tertiary Prevention: Diagnosis and rehabilitation Private Sector
Mining
Miners
Strategy: Companies
•Modification and extension of SIMRAC Phase 2
Public Sector
Ministry of Ministry of Ministry of
Health Finance Mining
6. Community Transformation Project.
Problem: Lack of mining-community
integration
Promote.
Solution:
•Community development agreements
•Conversion of hostels to family units
•Procurement from HDSAs of consumables and
Private Sector
services
Mining
Miners
Companies
Strategy:
•Legislation on when a CDA is required
Public Sector
•License forfeiture
Ministry of Ministry of Ministry of
Health Finance Mining
7. Miner Compensation Reform.
Problem: Awareness, accessibility, and
structure of the compensation system
Protect.
Solution:
•1. Awareness: Worker and health care
professionals
•2. Accessibility: Regional offices Private Sector
•3. Structure: Surveillance, harmonization of
entitlements, integrated inspection, payment
system, addressing disease latency, levy reform Miners
Mining
Companies
Strategy: Comprehensive compensation
reform (Miners Compensation Public Sector
Commission)
Ministry of Ministry of Ministry of
Health Finance Mining
8. Budget.
4,000,000,000
3,500,000,000
3,000,000,000 Miner Compensation
Reform
2,500,000,000 ($20,000,000 per
year)
2,000,000,000 Community
Transformation
1,500,000,000 Project
1,000,000,000
Dust Initiative
500,000,000 ($156,000,000 per
year)
0
Years Years Years Years Years
1-2 3-4 5-6 7-8 9-10
Total: $17, 240,000,000
9. Benefits of The 3 Ps.
• Utilization and modification of existing institutional
arrangements
• Restoring governmental popularity and credibility
• Empowering local communities
• Comprehensive reform
10. Looking Forward.
• Good governance
• Labor brokering
• Union relations
• Company transparency
• Accountability
• Home state liability
11. Conclusion.
By preventing respiratory harm through The
Dust Initiative, promoting a long term
commitment to housing and health care
through the Community Transformation
Project, and protecting the welfare of miners
and their families with The Miner
Compensation Reform Plan, our proposal
effectively and sustainably improves the state
and image of the mining industry in South
Africa.
16. Appendix D:
• Lahiri, Levenstein, et al. “The Cose-Effectiveness of Occupational Health
Interventions: Prevention of Silicosis.” American Journal of Industrial
Medicine. 48:503-514. 2005.
• Stanton, Belle, Dekker, and Plessis. “South African Mining Industry Best
Practice on the Prevention of Silicosis.” Mine Health and Safety Council
Safety in Mines Research Advisory Committee. March, 2006.
• Stuckler, Basu, and McKee. “Governance of Mining, HIV, and Tuberculosis in
South Africa.” Global Health Governance. 4: 1-13. 2010.
• Moshelanoka, Kisting, Rees, Sekudu, and Doyle. “National Programme for
the Elimination of Silicosis.” South Africa Department of Labor.
• Reid and Shah. “Approaches to tuberculosis screening and diagnosis in
people with HIV in resource-limited settings.” Lancet Infectious Disease. 9:
173-184. 2009.
• Stanton, Mbekeni, et al. “Safety in Mines Research Advisory Committee
Final Report: SIMRAC Silicosis Control Programme - Phase 1.” Safety in
Mines Research Advisory Committee. June 2003.
• Rees, Murray, et al. “Oscillating Migration and the Epidemics of Silicosis,
Tuberculosis, and HIV Infection in South African Gold Miners.” American
Journal of Industrial Medicine. 53:398-404. 2010.
18. Appendix F: References
• “Mining Community Development Agreements Source Book.” World Bank. 2012.
http://www.eisourcebook.org/cms/Mining%20Community%20Development%20Agreements%2
0Source%20Book.pdf
• “Increasing Local Procurement By the Mining Industry in West Africa.” World Bank. 2012.
http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTENERGY2/Resources/8411-West_Africa.pdf
• “Scorecard for the Broad-Based Socio-Economic Empowerment Charter for the South African
Mining Industry.” Mining and Minerals Industry. 2004.
http://www.anglogold.co.za/NR/rdonlyres/073848D0-93CE-4BF1-AF56-
8574C4C1F4C1/0/MiningCharter.pdf
• “Amended Mining Charter.” Newsroom. 2010. http://www.chartwellgroup.co.za/news-room/the-
amended-mining/
• “South Africa’s Burden of Disease.” Econex. 2009.
http://www.mediclinic.co.za/about/Documents/ECONEX%20NHI%20note%202.pdf
• “Water, mining, and waste: an historical and economic perspective on conflict management in
South Africa.” The Economics of Peace and Security Journal. 2007.
http://www.ehrn.co.za/publications/download/119.pdf
• “Improving Mining Benefits for Communities.” World Bank Oil, Gas, Mining Unit. 2011.
http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/TOPICS/EXTOGMC/0,,contentMDK:22616285~p
agePK:210058~piPK:210062~theSitePK:336930,00.html
• “Cost-Effective Interventions.” Disease Control Priorities Project. 2006.
http://www.dcp2.org/sdirect/_/main/BrowseInterventions,interventionFilterForm.html
19. Appendix G:
• Scorecard for the Broad-Based Socio-Economic Empowerment Charter for the South
African Mining Industry (2004), http://www.anglogold.co.za/NR/rdonlyres/073848D0-
93CE-4BF1-AF56-8574C4C1F4C1/0/MiningCharter.pdf
20. Appendix H:
South Africa’s Burden of Disease (2009)
Quadruple Disease Burden,
http://www.mediclinic.co.za/about/Docume
nts/ECONEX%20NHI%20note%202.pdf
21. Appendix I:
Water, mining, and waste: an historical and economic perspective on conflict
management in South Africa (2007),
http://www.ehrn.co.za/publications/download/119.pdf
24. Appendix L: References
• Girdler-Brown, B., White, N., Ehrlich, R., and Churchyard, G. (2008) The Burden of Silicosis,
Pulmonary Tuberculosis and COPD Among Former Basotho Goldminers. American Journal of
Industrial Medicine 51:640-647.
• Chamber of Mines of South Africa (2007). The South African Mining Industry’s Sustainability and
Transformation Report 2007.
• Roberts, J. (2011). The Social Epidemiology of Silicosis: The hidden epidemic of silicotic gold
miners in the Eastern Cape - A social disease with medical aspects, and a travesty of justice,
presented at the 2011 Critical Studies Seminar Series Hosted by the Departments of Politics
and International Studies & Sociology at Rhodes University
• Trapido, A, Mqoqi, N., Williams, B., White, N., Solomon, A., Goode, R., Macheke, C., Davies, A.,
and Panter, C. (1998) Prevalence of Occupational Lung Disease in a Random Sample of Former
Mineworkers, Libode District, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. American Journal of
Industrial Medicine 34:305-313.
• Steen, T., Gyi, K., White, N., Gabosianelwe, T., Ludick, S., Mazonde, G., Mabongo, N., Ncube, M.,
Ehrlich, R. and Schierhout, G. (1997) Prevalence of occupational lung disease among Botswana
men formerly employed in the South African mining industry. Occupational and Environmental
Medicine, 54:19-26.
• Republic of South Africa (2011). National Treasury: The Compensation Fund Preliminary Report
2nd Draft [online] Available:
http://www.treasury.gov.za/publications/other/ssrr/Session%20One%20Papers/Compensation
%20Fund%20Project%202nd%20draft.pdf.
• Ehrlich, R. (2012). A Century of Miners’ Compensation in South Africa, American Journal of
Industrial Medicine, 55:560–569.
• Mining-Technology (2011). Safeguards Against Silicosis in Mining. http://www.mining-
technology.com/features/feature130267
