The document provides guidelines for health and safety practices on a construction site. It outlines the safety policy, basic rules for safety, emergency response procedures, and safety measures for various equipment and tasks. Personal protective equipment requirements and hygiene practices are also covered. The roles and responsibilities of the safety committee to identify hazards and ensure safety improvements are discussed.

1. 2013
SAFETY MANUAL
PROJECT HSE PLAN
A RESEARCH BY YAWAR HASSAN KHAN
YAWAR HASSAN KHAN
ACL
1/1/2013

2. ■ Before you operate a machine, ensure that
HSE POLICY the dangerous part of the
STATEMENT
machine has been installed with a guard.
■ Avoid going to any area with insufficient
lighting as there may be some
We are committed towards protecting the dangerous places which have not been provided
health and safety of all people working at or with fencing.
visiting our site
■ Keep vigilant all the time and watch out for
• We plan, manage, conduct and supervise all moving cranes, hooks or
our work in compliance with legislation and
best practice other lifting equipment.
• We want to ensure that all workers have a ■ Before you use any electrical installation or
clear understanding of their responsibilities tool, check the condition of
along with that of the company
its electric cables.
■ Avoid dragging electric cables on the ground
BASIC RULES FOR SAFETY or allowing the cables to
come into contact with water.
Tidy up construction sites ■ Use electrical tools installed with an earth
leakage circuit breaker.
■ Keep passages clear all the time.
■ Use and handle chemicals with care.
■ Sort out materials and pile them up safely.
The stacks should not be
too high. Personal Safety
■ Beware of floor openings and ensure that ■ Wear protective equipment.
they are fenced or covered.
■ Do not drink or take drugs while working.
■ Remove refuse as soon as possible.
■ Pay attention to personal hygiene.
■ Provide sufficient lighting.
■ Do not play in the workplace.
■ Familiarize with the location and the
■ Report to your supervisor immediately if you
operation of fire-fighting equipment.
notice any unsafe condition.
Safety measures
EMERGENCY RESPONSE TO ACCIDENTS

3. Tidy up construction sites ■ Put out the fire with a fire extinguisher if it is a
small fire.
■ Keep passages clear all the time.
■ If the blaze is out of control, do not try to
■ Sort out materials and pile them up safely.
extinguish the fire on your
The stacks should not be
own. Call the Fire Services Department right
too high. away.
■ Beware of floor openings and ensure that they Emergency telephone numbers:
are fenced or covered.
■ Always pay attention to the emergency
■ Remove refuse as soon as possible. telephone numbers posted
■ Provide sufficient lighting. on the notice board in the site office
■ Familiarize with the location and the FALSE WORK , SCAFFOLDING , FENCE WORK
operation of fire-fighting equipment.
AND LADDER
FALSEWORK
When someone is found seriously injured, you
If you are engaged in falsework
should:
operation, you should:
■ Keep calm.
■ Check whether the falsework is
■ Seek help immediately.
erected in accordance with the
■ Accompany the injured person.
design.
■ Assist in the immediate rescue work as far as
possible. ■ Make sure that the falsework is
■ Call the site safety staff. securely erected.
■ Do not try to move the injured person unless it ■ Check whether the struts of the
is really necessary
falsework are secure.
to do so.
■ Ensure that the props are erected
■ Do not tamper with the accident scene while
waiting for the arrival vertically and arranged at a
of the investigation team. suitable distance in a row.
■ Report to your supervisor when
When a fire breaks out, you should remember: any unsafe situation is found.

4. fencing or the fencing has been
SCAFFOLD damaged, reinstall or repair the
■ Do not use scaffolds unless they have fencing. If this is beyond your
been erected by trained workmen and under capability, inform your
the supervision of a competent person. supervisor at once.
■ Do not use a scaffold unless it has
been inspected and certified safe by Ladder
a competent person before use. ■ Use a ladder which is of good construction,
■ Strictly follow the instructions of a sound material and adequate strength.
competent person. Do not alter the ■ Examine the ladder before using it
scaffold unless authorized to do so. and inspect it at regular intervals.
Do not work on an unfinished scaffold. ■ Place the ladder on a level and
■ When it is necessary to work on a mobile firm footing.
scaffold, lock the wheels of the scaffold ■ Place the ladder at an appropriate
before you start working. angle.
■ Do not work on a scaffold unless it has been ■ Ensure that the ladder has a
provided with a suitable working platform. sufficient length. The upper end
of the ladder should be at least
FENCING 1 metre above the landing against
■ Do not work in a dangerous place which the ladder leans.
unless its floor edges and ■ Do not use a ladder unless its
openings have been installed with upper or lower end has been
secure fencing. securely fixed or secured by
■ If you notice any dangerous places another worker.
that have not been installed with ■ If there are electrical installations

5. nearby, do not use metal ladders. of the manufacturer of a lifting appliance.
■ If work is carried out 2 metres or ■ Do not work beneath any suspended load.
more above the floor, use a suitable
working platform Material Hoist
■ Do not ride on a material hoist.
Equipment and Electricity ■ Do not operate a material hoist without prior
proper
training.
Lifting Appliance and Gear
■ Do not exceed the safe working load of a
■ Do not operate a lifting appliance unless
material hoist.
trained. In the case of a crane,
■ Do not use a material hoist unless it has been
a certificate is required. examined
■ Before using lifting gear such as hook, shackle
and certified safe by a competent examiner.
or chain sling,
■ Do not use a material hoist unless its gates
check whether there is any wear and tear. have been
■ Check the weight of the load to be lifted. installed with an effective interlocking safety
■ Do not exceed the safe working load of system.
a lifting appliance or lifting gear. The hoist is only operable after all the gates
have been
■ Adopt the correct lifting method.
closed.
■ Do not use a lifting appliance or lifting gear
■ Do not use a material hoist unless it has been
unless it has been examined and certified repaired
safe by a competent examiner. and maintained by a competent person. No
unauthorized
■ Do not use a lifting appliance unless it
repair is allowed.
has been regularly repaired and
■ Do not put loose materials into receptacles
maintained by a competent person.
unless properly
No unauthorized repair is allowed.
secured.
■ Follow the safe working instructions

6. ■ Ensure good communication with the Portable Power Tool
operator of a material
■ Do not use a portable power tool
hoist. All signals should be understood and
followed. (such as saw, grinder and drill)
unless its dangerous parts have
Loadshifting Machinery been effectively guarded.
■ Unless you are a worker concerned, ■ Place the electric cable and
do not work in an area where a loader, hose of a tool at an appropriate
an excavator, etc. is in operation. position to avoid tripping
■ Do not operate any loadshifting
machinery without training and Compressed Air
■ Use compressed air only for specified
approval.
■ Operators of forklift trucks, purposes.
bulldozers, loaders, excavators, ■ Do not use any compressed air
equipment, pipes and relevant devices
trucks or lorries should possess
appropriate certificates. unless they are of good construction and
have been examined and certified safe
by a competent examiner before use.
Cartridge-operated Fixing Tool
■ Do not operate a cartridgeoperated fixing tool ■ Fix the connectors properly.
unless you have ■ Do not twist the pipes.
possessed a valid certificate. ■ Do not abuse the use of compressed air
■ Wear suitable eye and ear for cleaning purpose. Use a brush or a
protectors while operating a vacuum cleaner to remove dust from
cartridge-operated fixing tool. clothing and skin.
■ Use a cartridge-operated fixing tool
with great care. Electric Tool

7. ■ Before using an electric tool, check the working in it.
tool and its plug and connecting cable.
■ Do not use a damaged tool. Gas Welding and Flame Cutting
■ Do not use an electric tool unless ■ Do not use the equipment for gas welding
its connecting cable is well or flame cutting unless you have attained
protected. the age of 18 years and hold a valid certificate.
■ Do not use an electric tool unless ■ Do not use any gas cylinder unless it
its metal casing is earthed and its has been fitted with flashback arrestors.
power supply is provided with ■ Wear personal protective equipment.
an earth leakage circuit breaker. ■ Keep the workplace clean.
■ Do not repair or alter any electrical ■ Place fire extinguishers
installation unless competent to do so. within reach.
■ If you meet any fault or problem, report ■ Keep gas cylinders in an
it to your supervisor immediately. upright position and secure
it properly to avoid overturning.
Excavations ■ If gas leakage is detected,
■ Keep the fence on all sides of report it to your supervisor
an excavation intact. immediately.
■ Use safe access for ingress Fire Risk
and egress. There is always a fire risk. However,
■ Do not pile soil or any other the chances of fire can be reduced,
materials at the edge of an and you will know what to do when
excavation. a fire breaks out if you:
■ Make sure that a trench is ■ Always keep the workplace clean
securely shored before and tidy.

8. ■ Handle machinery and tools that ■ Dispose all wastes, and unwanted
may generate sparks or heat materials must be disposed of at
carefully. a designated place.
■ Do not smoke or use naked ■ Notify your supervisor of the
flames in any area where requirement for the separate
flammable and explosive disposal of chemical or
substances are stored. inflammable wastes.
■ Know where fire extinguishers are ■ Do not leave planks with nails
located and how they are used. on passageways.
■ Know the place of assembly for
fire evacuation Safety Supervisors
■ Their responsibility is to assist
Public Safety others to work smoothly
■ Pay attention to public safety. and safely.
Members of the public are often ■ They have received specific
unaware of or do not understand safety training and are
the work carried out on important members of the
construction sites and the risks construction team.
involved. ■ They have legal responsibility
■ Take great care to prevent the fall or liability for the overall safety
of materials from height. of the construction site.
■ Do not stack materials on floor ■ You should get to know your
edges or on scaffolds safety supervisor.
Waste Disposal Eye Protection

9. ■ A wise worker will certainly take instructions.
good care of his eyesight. ■ Do not reuse disposable ear
■ A small fragment may cause plugs.
serious consequences if it ■ Clean ear protectors regularly
enters one's eyes.
■ When there is a risk of eye Personal Protective Equipment
injury, such as in concrete ■ For your own safety and interest, use the
personal
breaking or using abrasive
protective equipment provided by your
wheels, you should wear employer.
suitable eye protectors. ■ Wear gloves when handling or contacting
■ Take proper care of the eye
chemicals.
protectors provided to you. ■ Remember to wear a mask when working
■ Replace damaged or defective in a dusty environment.
eye protectors immediately.
■ Wear eye and ear protectors whenever
■ Ensure that eye protectors are comfortable to
necessary.
wear, and keep clean.
■ Wear a safety harness and secure it to
■ Use eye protectors for eye protection ─ do not
put it on your head a safe anchorage point when working at
or hang it on your neck. height. A bamboo scaffold is not a safe
■ Bear in mind that eye protectors are anchorage point, so do not fasten the
replaceable, but not your eyes.
safety harness to it.
■ Wear safety shoes to prevent foot injury.
Noise
■ Consult your supervisor if in doubt.
■ Wear ear protectors in areas
with high noise levels.
Safety Helmet
■ Properly wear ear protectors
■ Wear a safety helmet on a
according to the manufacturer's

10. construction site. and wear safety boots or shoes
■ Keep the harness of the to prevent injury to toes by
helmet clean and make sure heavy falling objects.
that it fits well. ■ Seek assistance from someone
■ Do not drill any holes on the in lifting a load if necessary.
helmet or use it for pounding.
Personal Hygiene
First Aid ■ Keep yourself clean.
■ If you sustain an injury or ■ Wash hands before meals
feel not well while at work, and after using the toilet.
even if it is minor, go to ■ Dress tidily and in protective
the first aid room right away
for medical treatment and clothing.
notify your supervisor. Alcohol and Drugs
■ Put the case on record. ■ Do not drink alcohol, or take
drugs, while at work.
Manual Handling Operations ■ If you need to take drugs due
■ Avoid manual handling operations as far as to illness, report it to your
possible to minimize the risk of injury. supervisor.
■ Estimate the weight of the load.
■ Lift an object with a correct posture.
■ Wear suitable protective equipment.
Put on gloves as far as possible
to protect your hands from
any cut, scratch or puncture,

11. SAFETY MANUAL Of health and safety
PROJECT HSE PLAN Benefits of safety committee
EFFECTIVE SAFETY COMMITTEES Consultant
Purpose of safety committee Identify hazards
Help protects employee by providing knowledge protect employee and employer
of safety
Communication between labor and
Helps protect employee by providing a solution management
to issues
Duties of safety committee members
Bring together labor and management for
Receive concerns , reports and suggestions by
health and safety
employees and give them to manager level and
Help the employee give training to manager , give the management level response to
supervision and workers for better hazard employees
identification and control and health and safety
performance Workplace inspection
Roles of safety committee Receiving training
Know the feelings and thinking of employee by Attending meetings
survey and interview Control measures and safety improvement
Analyze the behavior of employee by observing progress
Do safety inspections at workplace Monitoring
Do safety audits Hazard identification
Control measures and safety improvements communication
measure should be monitored Benfits of training the safety committee
Evaluate quality of safety culture in long terms Know their purpose of job
Develop and submit the written Know the role
recommendations
Know the function
Functions of safety committee
Know the responsibility
To have knowledge
Know the skills
Skills
Know the abilities
Abilities

12. Know the information on health and safety Causes of majority injuries
Hazard identification profit for company Inadequate supervision ,education ,
accountability , and resources
Competition leading
Hazardous conditions
Effective audit
Lower injury and illness rates Material
Three areas for effective safety committee Equipment
training
Environment
Safety committee operations
People
Hazard identification and control
system
Accident investigation procedures
System design and implementation
Hierarchy of controls
Objectives
Engineering controls
Policy
Administrative controls
Plan
Personal protective equipment
Procedures
Accident investigation procedures
Processes
Write data of accident
Budget
Know the surface and root causes
Report
Make the report
Rules
Suggest safety measures
Safety inspection
In safety inspection we give time to know for a
Causes of accident report failures thorough inspection to be conducted to know
Surface causes are uncovered but , root causes what is happening
are not uncovered Job hazard analysis
Hazardous conditions are uncovered Employee , managers together solve the
Unsafe work practices uncovered problems
Failure in safety management uncovered Problem solving techniques

13. Understand the problem Objectives and completion dates are set
Discuss causes Members trained
Target solutions
Sell solutions EFFECTIVE SAFETY COMMITTEE MEETINGS
Implement solutions How often do safety committees meet
5 wh analysis Some once a month and some more often
Who is getting hurt ? When committee meeting should be held
What actually caused the injury ? It’s most effective if the safety committee
conducts a meeting immediately after the
When workers are getting hurt ? inspection
Where workers are getting hurt ? What happens in an effective safety committee
how workers are getting hurt ? meeting
How to conduct a survey Discuss findings
Gather a team of trained employees Ensure identified hazards are reported to
responsible supervisors or managers
Determine who you are going to sample
Analyze findings and discuss their possible
Decide how will you conduct the survey ? rootcause
Tell everyone why you are going to conduct Make recommendations to improve safety
survey ? programs
Conduct the survey Purpose of safety committee meeting
Summarize result To bring management and labor together
Discuss the result with CEO Preparing for the meeting
Characteristics of an effective safety Chairperson preparation
committee
Recorder must be trained
Organized meeting
Prepare the agenda and keep it brief
Good communication
Prepare the meeting room
Roles and purposes are understood
Standard of behavior

14. Thank every one for coming Handle problem situations
Disagreement
Call the meeting to order conflict
Evaluate
Note attendence Meeting process and outcomes
Improve
Introduce visitors Meeting process
OSH TRAINING
Review ground rules SAFETY EDUCATION
We become educated in safety in many ways
including :
Review meeting minutes
personal experience
Formal classroom training
Review agenda topics
On the job training
Effective safety education must tell learners why
Discuss unfinished business it is important to use safe procedures and
practices
Review observations of conditions and Natural consequences
behaviors Natural consequences are those that naturally
occur as a result of what an employee or
organization does
Evaluate incident and accident report
System consequences
System consequences are those actions taken by
Receive safety committee status reports another person in response to an employee’s
choice and behaviours
Technical safety training
Conduct safety committee training / education
“How to “safety training is actually the most
common type of safety education
Conduct a safety inspection
General safety instruction

15. Is usually conducted using the lecture or Manager
discussion method
Marketer
Purpose of training program
Media specialist
To provide training professionals for effective
safety education Analyst
Criterea for accepted practices in safety , Program administrator
Health and environmental training Designer
Program development Strategies
Delivery evaluation Task analysis
Program management Theoretician
Suggested training plan core elements Transfer agent
Training facility Guidelines for instructor competency
Training director Certified person
Instructors Designated
Course materials Authorized
Students Competent
Ratios Qualified
Proficiency assessment Purpose of training evaluation
Course certificate To know the amount of learning achieved by
Record keeping training
Program quality control Whether an employee’s performance has
improved on the job as a result of training
Safety trainer perform many roles
RKSAI
Evaluator
Evaluate students :
Facilitator
Reaction
Counselor
Learning
Writer
Application
Instructors

16. result In reactive strategy you react after the accident
has happened
Guidelines for evaluating training programs
In pro active strategy you make sure that no
How training program is managed accident should occur in workplace
Quality of training processes Labor and management accountability
The result of training Employees should believe that they are going to
Suggested program quality control criterea be held accountable for their decisions and
actions
training plan
Six elements of effective accountability system :
Program management , training director , staff
and consultants’ training facilities and resources 1.formal standard of performance
Quality control and evaluation 2.adequate resources and psychosocial support
Students 3.a system of performance measurement
Institutional environment and administrative 4.application of effective consequences
support 5.appropriate application of consequences
SAFETY MANAGEMENT 6.continous evaluation of accountability system
Top management commitment Points to remember:
You should know the benefits of your The more Regularly you Recognize and Reward ,
commitment towards safety
the more Rarely you will have to Reprimand
You must develop programs , policies , plans Training , resources , enforcement , supervision
and procedures and leadership are 5 obligations of safety
Do commitment to safety because it saves lives , Employee involvement
money and you stay out of trouble
Employee is held accountable by the employer
Safety leadership increases company’s potential for complying with the safety rules , reporting
Coercive ,controlling and caring are the three workplace injuries immediately and reporting
leadership models out of which caring model is hazards
the real commitment approach Rewards are great but , recognition is better
You must have a vision and mission statement Effective communications
There are two safety strategies: reactive and It’s a responsibility to communicate effectively
pro active
It’s not what you say …it’s about how you say it

17. Hazard identification and control We educate to show why
Hazard is state of being leading to illness or We train to show how
injury of a person
A simple seven step on the job training includes:
What can control hazards :
1.introduction 2.trainer shows and tells 3.
1. Eliminate and substitute hazards learner tells –trainer shows 4 . Learner shows
and tells 5 . Conclusion 6.documentation 7.
2.Engineering controls validate
3.administrative controls Total quality safety management
4.personal protective equipment
Material , people , environment ,system ,
Quality and safety are partners in productivity
equipment may be hazardous
Do a walk around inspection to see hazards
TQM means to improve performance and
Employee may use his own procedure if not process by using coorporate resources
directly supervised
Unsafe behaviors lead to 95% cause of accidents
Incident and accident investigation
DEMING says about total quality safety
Don’t go for blame but fix the system management that have a purpose for
You cant afford to relax or be content in safety improvement , adopt a new philosophy , cease
dependence on mass inspection , don’t go for
Incident causes property damage and accident price tag- go for reducing total cost , improve
causes life damage too constantly , give training on job , drive out fear ,
break down barriers between departments ,
You must know the plan and how to work the
don’t pressurize workforce , give self
plan
improvement education and act for
If accident occurs you must know : transformation
1. background information 2.surface causes and PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
root causes
THE REQUIREMENT FOR PPE
You have to make a report of accident in which
To ensure the greatest possible protection for
you write about findings , recommendations
employees in workplace
and summary
EMPLOYEE RESPONSIBILITY
Safety education and training
To wear and maintain PPE
Be trained

18. Chemical hazards
FACE AND EYE PROTECTION Radiological hazards
HEAD PROTECTION Mechanical hazards
WHAT SHOULD NOT BE WORN?
FOOT PROTECTION The PPE rules requires that rings , wristwatches ,
earnings , bracelets and other jewelery must not
be worn if it’s possible for it to come into
HAND PROTECTION contact with power driven machinery or electric
circuitry
HAZARD ANALYSIS AND CONTROL
BASIC EMPLOYER RESPONSIBILITY
PROTECTIVE CLOTHING
The employer should see that workers are
properly instructed and supervised in the safe
operation of any machinery tools , equipment ,
SHIELDS
process or practice which they are authorized to
use or apply
BARRIERS BASIC EMPLOYEE RESPONSIBILITY
All employees should conduct their work in
compliance with their employer’s safety policies
RESTRAINTS and rules. Employees should report all injuries
immediately to the person in charge or other
WHEN AND WHERE PPE IS REQUIRED?
responsible representative of the employer
Whenever following conditions are encountered .employees should make full use of safeguards
: provided for their protection
SAFETY INSPECTIONS
Process hazards Employers should make sure their workplace are
inspected by a qualified person as often as the
type of operation or the character of the
equipment requires.
Environmental hazards
HAZARDS

19. Raw materials Identifying workplace hazards
Toxic chemicals Analyzing the workplace
Stationary machinery Developing solution
equipment may not be properly guarded / or in Writing solution
poor working order
Writing recommendations
Tools may not be properly maintained
Taking action
Extreme noise in work environment
Evaluating the results
Poor work station designs
Five general hazards
Flammable or combustible atmospheres
Material
Floors may be slippery and aisles cluttered
Equipment
Guard rails , ladders or floor hole covers may be
Environment
missing or damage
Employees might be fatigued , distracted in People
some way , or other wise lack the physical / system
mental way , or working safely
13 hazard categories
HAZARD
Acceleration
Unsafe work conditions or practices that could
cause injuries or illness to employees Biological
Recognized hazards Chemical reactions
Industry recognition Electrical
Employee recognition Ergonomics
Common sense recognition Explosives and explosions
Exposure Flammability and fires
Physical Temprature
Environmental Mechanical
potential Pressure
Six steps hazard control process Radiation

20. Toxics Personal protective equipment
Vibration / noise Solving safety problems-two key strategies
Identifying hazards Eliminate or reduce the surface cause
informal and formal observation programs Eliminate or reduce he root cause
Comprehensive wide surveys Cause effect analysis
Individual interviews Every effect is the result of a cause
Walk around inspection Key steps to develop effective
recommendations
Documentation review
Write the problem statement
A written record will help ensure
Describe the history of problem
Assignment of responsibility for hazard
correction State the solution options that would correct the
problem
Tracking of correction to completion
Describe the consequences as a cost. Vs . Benefit
Identification of problems in the control system analysis
Identification of problems in the accountability EFFECTIVE ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION
system
What is an accident
Identifcation of hazards for which no prevention
or control has been planned An accident is the final event in an unplanned
process that result in injury or illness to an
4 analysis
employee and possibly property damage
Job hazard analysis
Accident types
change analysis STRUCK BY
Process hazard analysis
STRUCK AGAINST
Phase hazard analysis CONTACT BY
Hierarchy of control CONTACT WITH
Elimination CAUGHT ON
Substitution CAUGHT BETWEEN
Engineering controls FALL TO SURFACE
Administrative controls

21. FALL TO BELOW Determine the solutions
OVER EXERTION Write the report
BODILY REACTION DOCUMENTING THE ACCIDENT SCENE
OVER EXPOSURE Make personal observations
CAUSE OF ACCIDENT Take photos of accident scene
Old theory-worker error :says worker makes a Take video clips of the scene
choice to work in an unsafe manner
sketch the accident scene
New theory-system approach : says accidents
occur due to multiple causes and due to defects Interview records
in the systems Steve’s seven rights of interview process
Characteristics of effective incident Be sure you ask the
investigation program
Right people the
Clearly assigned responsibility for accident
investigation Right question at the
All accident investigations will be formally Right time in the
trained on accident investigation techniques
Right place in the
The purpose is to find fact not fault
Right way for the
Dig deep to know hazardous conditions that
Right reason to uncover the
caused accidents
Right facts
report will make the recommendations to
correct the hazardous conditions and work WHO NEEDS TO BE INTERVIEWED
practices
The victim
Corrective actions must be completed
Co workers
An annual review of accident reports
Direct supervisors
Six steps for conducting accident investigation
Manager
Secure the accident scene
Training department
Conduct interview
Personnel department
Develop the sequence of events
Maintenance department
Conduct cause analysis

22. Emergency responders Actual events
Medical personal Assumed events
Coroner Non events
Police Simultaneous events
The victim’s spouse and family Developing the sequence of events
Effective interviewing techniques Once the sequence of events is developed we
will study each event to know:
Keep the purpose of investigation in the mind
Hazardous condition
Approach the investigation with an open mind
Unsafe behaviors
Go to the scene
System weaknesses
Express concern regarding the accident and
desire to prevent a similar occurrence Components of an event
Tell the interviewee that the information they Actor: the actor is an individual or object that
give is important directly influenced the flow of the sequence of
events
Be friendly , understanding and open minded
Action is something that is done by the actor
Be calm and unhurried
Hazardous conditions
Single event theory
Materials
An accident is thought to be the result of a
single , one time easily identifiable , unusual , Machinery
unexpected occurrence that result in injury or
Equipment
illness
The domino theory Tools
This describes as a series of related occurences Chemicals
which lead to a final event that results in injury Environment
or illness
Workstations
Multiple cause theory
Facilities
Accidents are a result of a series of random
related and / or unrelated actions that People
somehow interact to cause the accident
workload
Four categories of events
Levels of cause analysis

23. Injury analysis Evacuation procedures
Event analysis Emergency escape route assignments
System analysis Procedures to account for all employee after an
emergency evacuation has been completed
Higher priority strategies that control hazards
Name or job titles of personas who can be
Elimination contacted for further information or explanation
Substitution of duties under the plan.
Engineering controls NATURAL DISASTERS
Avalanche
Lower priority strategies to control exposure Biological
and behavior Drought
WARNINGS Sand storms
ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROLS Earth quakes
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT Extreme heat / cold
WRITING THE REPORT Fire
Background Flood
Description Hurricane
Findings Landslide / Madslide
Recommendations Lightning
Summary Snow / Ice / hail
EMERGENCY ACTION PLANS Tornando
Volcanic eruption
WHAT IS AN EMERGENCY ACTION PLAN Tsunami
An action plan to organize employee and TECHNOLOGICAL EMERGENCIES
employer action during workplace emergencies
Aircraft crash
COMPONENTS OF AN EFFECTIVE EMERGENCY
ACTION PLAN Structural collapse
Ways to report fires and other emergencies Business interruption

24. Communication
Levee failure Develop methods to alert employees
Explosion/fire
Extreme air pollution Identify methods to alert employees
Financial collapse
Fuel .resource shortage Identify how and when the employees will be
trained
Hazardous material release
Power / utility failure
Address how and when drills and retraining will
Radiological / nuclear accidents be conducted
Transportation accidents
WHAT ARE THE STEPS IN DEVELOPING EAP
One policy doesn’t fit all situations
Development of emergency action plan
Establish authority Designate someone who will stay to shut down
Conduct employee training and plan review critical operations during an evacuation
Review , coordinate and update the plan
Determine specific evacuation routes and exits
Make sure EAP meets specific needs
Consider and list potential natural or man made Designate evacuation coordinates and
emergencies workdens
Develop resue and medical assistance strategies
Conduct EAP employee training
Consider communication
Update the EAP regularly
Identify methods for reporting fires

25. INTRODUCTION TO FIRE PREVENTION PLANS Warning and caution signs
Fire detectors
What does the fire prevention plan do for your Pull stations
ORGANIZATION
Agent storage containers
Purpose of an alarm system
The purpose of and employee alarm system is to
reduce the severity of work place accidents and
injuries by ensuring that alarm systems operate
properly and procedures are in place to alert
Serves to reduce the risk of fires at your employees to workplace emergencies
workplace The fire triangle
Causes of fire
Enough oxygen to sustain combustion
Electrical hazards Enough heat to rise the material to it’s ignition
Portable heaters temperature and
Office fire hazards Some sort of fuel or combustible material
Cutting , welding and open flame work Fire extinguisher ratings
Flammable and combustible material Class a ordinary combustible
Smoking in the wrokplace Class b flammable liquids
Fixed extinguished system Class c electrical equipment
Fixed fire extinguishing systems are commonly Class d combustible metals
used to protect areas containing value able or
Class k restaurant kitchens
critical equipment such as data processing
rooms , telecommunication switches and Types of fire extinguishers
process control rooms
Dry chemical extinguishers
Components of a fixed system
Halon extinguishers
Discharge nozzle
Water extinguishers
Piping
Carbon dioxide extinguishers
Control panel
HOW TO USE A FIRE EXTINGUISHER
Warning alarm

26. PASS : PULL – AIM –SQUEEZE-SWEEP A significant injury or illness diagnosed by a
physician or other licensed health care
MANAGEMENT TRAINING RESPONSIBLITY professional
OSHA 300 form is the log of work related
injuries and illnesses
All managers should be trained and make sure
employees are also trained to understand their OSHA 300 –A is the summary of work related
FFP responsibility. injuries and illnesses
OSH RECORD KEEPING
OSHA FORM 301 or equipment is the worker’s
and employer’s report of occupational injury or
disease
The record keeping and reporting rule requires
employers to record and report work –related
fatalities , injuries and illnesses . It’s important
to record or report a work related injury , illness
or fatality You must involve your employees and their
representatives in the record keeping system
An injury or illness meets the general recording
criteria and is recordable , if it results in any TOTAL NO. OF INJURIES AND ILLNESSES / NO.
one of following six conditions : OF HOURS WORKED BY ALL EMPLOYEES * 200 ,
000 = TOTAL RECORDABLE CASE RATE
Death
Days away from work
HAZARD COMMUNICATION
Restricted work or job transfer
Medical treatment beyond first aid
Loss of consciousness

27. The hazard communication rule applies to any being used in the workplace, assign
chemical which is known to be present in the responsibilities and describes procedures for:
workplace in such a manner that employees
may be exposed under normal conditions of use Labeling containers
or in a foreseeable emergency Maintaining and using material safety data
Responsibility sheets
Chemical manufacturers and importers must Information and training
evaluate chemicals produced in their workplaces Pipe labeling
or imported by them to determine if they are
hazardous Non routine tsk procedures
Employers must assess the hazards of chemicals Contractor procedures
and develop a written hazard communication
plan along with training and information
Hazardous substance
Material safety data sheet
Is any chemical which poses a physical or a
Chemical manufacturers and importers must
health hazard?
obtain and develop a material safety data sheet
for each hazardous chemical they produce or Physical hazards
import and must develop appropriate labels
that provide hazard warning information Are chemical reactions that could result in a fire,
explosion and/ or toxic gas release which cause
Employee training physical trauma if chemicals are handled or
stored improperly?
How to
Health hazards
Reference the chemical test or hazards
Is health effects caused directly by the chemicals
Use material data safety sheets
themselves, not an injury resulting from a
Use protective practices including PPE reaction
Recognize a release of chemicals
Detect over exposure to chemicals Dusts, fumes. Fibres . Mists . Vapors , gases ,
solids , liquids
Write secondary container labels
Chemical effects
Hazard communication plan
On various organs of the human body depend
Employers must develop, implement and on several important factors : solid , liquid or
maintain a written hazard communication plan gas ?
that contains a list of hazardous chemicals
Ingested , inhaled , absorbed or injected ?

28. How much chemical makes it’s ways into the HAZWOPER
body?
Hazardous waste operations and emergency
How poisonous is the chemical? response covers response to uncontrollable
releases
CONDUCTING A JOB HAZARD ANALYSIS
Routes of entry JOB HAZARD ANALYSIS :
Routes of entry of chemicals may take must be
known when assessing the workplace for It focuses on the relationship between the
chemical hazards. worker , task tools and environment .after you
identify uncontrolled hazards , you will take
Alternative labeling methods steps to eliminate or reduce them to an
acceptable risk level . You can prevent
HMIS ( hazardous material information system)
workplace injuries and illnesses.
NFPA (national fire protection association )
Material safety data sheet
IMPROVE YOUR EMPOYEES
Used to communicate chemical hazard
information from the manufacturer to the
Get together with your employees and talk
employee to train and inform on safe use of
about the actual and potential hazards and
hazardous chemicals
unsafe behaviors they believe might exist in
Employers must obtain a MSDS from the their current work and surroundings .Discuss the
chemical manufacturer or import as soon as possible accident that might result from the
possible hazards and behaviors . Next come up with
ideas to eliminate or control those hazards and
Employers must maintain in the workplace behaviors.
copies of required material safety data sheets
Employee must know
The hazard communication program
LOOK FOR HAZARDOUS CONDITIONS AND
The measures to protect themselves UNSAFE BEHAVIOURS
Detect the release or presence of hazardous
chemical
Material safety data sheets
Physical and health hazards
Experienced workers
When new hazardous chemical is used in
organization Accident and incident reports

29. First aid statistical record Basic job step
Behavior based safety reports Hazard present
Safety committee meeting minutes Preventive measures
Safety inspection reports GOALS WHILE CONDUCTING A JHA
Previous JHAs What can go wrong
Existing work procedures What are the consequences ?
Equipment manuals How could the hazard arise ?
Preventive /corrective maintenance What are the other contributing factors ?
records
How likely is that hazard will occur ?
HIGH RISK BEHAVIOURS
TIPS
Working at evaluation , no matter what job is
Write safe job procedure
Lifting , lowering , pushing , pulling and other
manual handling operations Hire professionals to conduct JHA
Improve the JHA process by taking a team
Other working above or below the work area
approach
Use of bridge cranes man lifts , or other heavy
equipment RISK ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEEMNT
Working on or near energized equipment
/components SAFETY MANUAL
Working alone or in isolated workplaces
Operating vehicles  HOW TO ASSESS THE RISK
Working within a confined space or under temp  The risk score is determined by
extremes multiplying the consequence and
likelihood scores you have recorded for
RISK ANALYSIS
each hazard
Risk = probability*severity
 To assess the risk associated with
JHA FORMAT hazards you have identified, ask the
following questions:
JHA includes three columns:

30.  How likely is the hazard to cause harm Everyone is different. A hazard may also
to someone? pose more risk to some people more
than others because of differences in
physical strength, experience, training
 What is the worst possible damage the etc.
hazard could cause in terms of human

suffering and cost if you don't resolve
the problem?
 How many people are exposed to the
risk? Sometimes it may be the amount
of time workers spend on an activity
that creates the safety risk, rather than
the nature of the work task itself.
Everyone is different. A hazard may also
pose more risk to some people more
than others because of differences in
physical strength, experience, training
etc.
 HOW TO MANAGE THE RISK
 The risk score is determined by
multiplying the consequence and
likelihood scores you have recorded for
each hazard
 To assess the risk associated with
hazards you have identified, ask the
following questions:
 How likely is the hazard to cause harm
to someone?
 What is the worst possible damage the
hazard could cause in terms of human
suffering and cost if you don't resolve
the problem?
 How many people are exposed to the
risk? Sometimes it may be the amount
of time workers spend on an activity
that creates the safety risk, rather than
the nature of the work task itself.

31. THE END
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