The document contains microscopic images and descriptions of plant anatomy structures from various exercises. The images show cross-sections of stems, roots, and leaves displaying features such as vascular bundles, bundle sheaths, mesophyll tissue, stomata, epidermis layers and more. Accompanying text provides labels and context for the anatomical structures visible in each image.

1. Exercise 11
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2. Leaf trace -
conduction of
materials in the leaves,
transport of materials
Leaf Gap -
parenchyma. fcn:
storage and support.
CS of Catharanthus
roseus stem showing
the node.
DICOT UNILACUNAR NODE.
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6. CS of Tradescantia
stem showing the
nodal anatomy
MONOCOT.
MULTILACUNAR TYPE
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7. Whole structure
surrounding stem -
LEAF SHEATH.
Vascular Bundles.
ATACTOSTELE.
LEAF TRACE
STEM.
Leaf Gap -
parenchyma
Axillary Leaf or Leaf
Branch.
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10. EXERCISE 12
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11. Cause of
anomalous growth:
Unequal activity of
the cambium
medullary ray
crushed phloem
crushed pith
CS of Aristolochia
elegans mature stem
showing medullary
rays and crushed pith
& phloem.
a.k.a. Dutchman's pipe
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12. ENDARCH
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13. BAST FIBERS -
schlerenchyma
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15. CS of Bignonia javanica
mature stem showing
phloem panels
a.k.a. garlic vine
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16. MESARCH
TYPE OF WOOD
according to
PHLOEM PANELS distribution of xylem
vessels- DIFFUSED
Cause of anomalous
growth: unidirectional
growth the cambium.
Almost linear
arrangement of
vessels.
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17. BAST FIBERS cap form
BAST FIBERS band form
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18. BAST FIBERS cap form
BAST FIBERS band form
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19. Cause of anomalous
growth: unequal
activity of the vascular
cambium.
DIFFUSED POROUS.
MESARCH.
CS of Bauhinia
(Alibangbang) mature
stem showing linear
arrangement of xylem
vessels.
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21. crushed phloem
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22. MEDULLARY VASCULAR
BUNDLES. - bundles in the
pith; significance: for
greater transport system.
therefore additional
vascular structures.
Cause of anomalous
growth: successive activity
of the vascular cambium
CS of Bougainvilla
spectabilis stem
showing included
phloem.
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25. ENDARCH.
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27. EXERCISE 13
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28. leaf parenchyma -
LEAF GAP.
CS of Pteris stem
showing meristeles.
TYPE OF STELE:
Amphiploic
siphonostele.
MERISTELE
PITH comprising
parenchyma.
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29. CASPARIAN STRIP. -
structure, layer
ENDODERMIS - cell
PERICYCLE
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30. SECRETORY CELLS
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31. MESARCH.
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32. CS of Pteridium
rhizome/stem showing
polycylic stele.
DIVISION - Pterophyta
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33. parenchyma
schlerenchyma -
band of fibers.
endodermis,
casparian strip.
pericycle
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35. band of fibers.
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36. schlerenchyma
- support. PERICYCLE - origin:
procambium.
ENDODERMIS (part of
the cortex) origin:
ground meristem
CS of Lycopodium
stem showing
plectostele.
VESSEL ELEMENTS
plectostele - derived instead of tracheids.
from actinostele.
STELE. - encloses
the vascular
tissues.
** angiosperm organ
that illustrates such
arrangement - ROOT
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38. EXARCH.
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41. CS of Selaginella stem
HAPLOSTELE. EXARCH.
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43. EXERCISE 14
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44. *to identiify as MATURE -
start of periderm
formation.
*to identify as YOUNG - no
metaxylem vessels, xylem WIDE CORTEX - for
poles @ the periphery, large storage.
vessels at center.
STARCH GRAINS. (pink)
CS of Ranunculus
mature root showing
tetarch
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45. PASSAGE CELLS. parallel with
xylem poles. easy entrance of
food.
ENDODERMIS.
CASPARIAN STRIP.
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46. PARENCHYMA. not
yet schlerenchyma
CS of young Mongo
root showing tetarch.
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49. VESSELS.
PERIDERM FORMATION
- therefore breaking
down of the structure.
CS of Mature Mongo
Root showing vessels.
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50. LATERAL ROOT. from
pericycle.
EXARCH.
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51. PERIDERM
FORMATION.
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53. MONOCOT - polyarch.
presence of pith.
CS of Commelina
benghalensis root
showing polyarch
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54. LACUNA
PITH.
EXARCH.
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56. schlerenchyma
hypodermis.
vs. commelina:
increase in the
numbers of vessels,
bigger pith, wider
cortex
CS of Zea mays root
showing the polyarch
formation.
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58. schlerenchyma
OUTER HYPODERMIS &
INNER ENDODERMIS
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59. xylem ray.
tracheids.
CS of old Pinus root
showing secondary
growth.
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60. casing cells
RESIN DUCT - secretes
resin. Resin cells
(casing cells) -
"epithelium" of the
resin canal.
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63. PRIMARY XYLEM
CS of Tilia root.
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64. POLYARCH.
ENDARCH.
type of wood - RING
MATURE - presence POROUS.
of periderm
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67. EXERCISE 15
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68. CS of Pinus insularis
showing fascicle.
FASCICLE - LEAF BUD.
PINE MIDDLE -
enlarged phyllode or TRANSFUSION TISSUE -
petiole. parenchyma - storage,
tracheid - conduction
sunken stomata.
PLICATE MESOPHYLL. - folded or
twisted
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71. LAMINA.
LAMINA.
MIDRIB.
PALISADE
SPONGY.
ACCESSORY
TRANSFUSION TISSUE.
CS of Cycas leaf BIFACIAL = DORSI-
showing midrib. VENTRAL LEAF
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73. HYPOSTOMATIC
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75. Bulliform cells -
adaxial side.
cuticle.
bundle sheath.
CS of Zea mays
showing lamina.
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76. CS of Zea mays
showing primary vein.
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77. CONVERGENT
Mesophyll
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79. CS of Lilium sp. leaf
showing primary vein.
angular collenchyma
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85. secretory structures
CS of Ixora coccinea
showing midrib.
angular collenchyma.
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87. SECONDARY VEIN
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89. CS of Ficus elastica
showing unifacial type
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90. MULTISERIATE - ADAXIAL
Ficus elastica midrib
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96. SYRINGA
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99. Laterally oriented vein.
CS of Syringa.
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102. COMPOSITE Vascular
Bundles.
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105. Laterally oriented vein.
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106. SOURCES
• Monique’s camera
• Kuya YB’s multiply account
– http://waybi0715.multiply.com/photos
• http://www1.fccj.cc.fl.us/dbyres/
plants.htm
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