Tech trend for next generation critical communications

1. Bureau of Standards,
Metrology & Inspection
B4G 緊急通訊技術發展
(Tech Trend for Next Generation
Critical Communications)
Institute for Information Industry
Speaker: Yi-Hsueh Tsai
2013/10/17

2. Outlines
1. Introduction
a) Standard for wide range of users
b) Commitment and 3GPP Cooperation
c) Public Safety Requirements and Standards
2. Public Safety Requirements and Standards
a) 3GPP public safety work items
b) 3GPP standards availability
c) GPP Release 12 roadmap
3. Work beyond 3GPP
a)
b)
c)
d)
Legacy coexistence and migration strategies
Handset and infrastructure ecosystem
First Responder Network Authority
Broadband Spectrum
4. Conclusion

3. Introduction
• Standards used for commercial cellular and critical
communications have historically been separate
Public Warning System
(EMTEL & 3GPP)
Digital Mobile Radio
eCall
• New interest today in adapting LTE
(ERM TG DMR)
Non-voice
Enhanced caller location
for critical communication and Communication
public safety applications
Public Safety
• 3GPP is working in collaboration Maritime Distress and Mobile broadband system
Safety System
TETRA
Priority use of public
with the critical communication
network
Satellite emergency
communication
industry to deliver standards
Source: ETSI
(ESG & 3GPP)
(3GPP & EMTEL)
(E2NA, EMTEL, MSG,
BRAN & CABLE)
(MESA & RRS WG4)
(ERM TG26)
(TETRA)
(3GPP)
(SES SatEC)

4. Standard for wide range of users
An open standard where the focus is on meeting the critical
communications needs of public safety and security agencies
and an increasingly wide range of other market sectors.
Government
Oil & Gas
Transport & logistics
Utilities
Commercial & Industrial
Manufacturing

5. Critical communications vs Commercial Cellular
Commercial cellular
• Features:
– Huge R&D investment and
innovation
– Economy of scale
– High speed, multimedia
– Network capacity
• Benefits:
–
–
–
–
More COTS technology reuse
Lower costs
Faster standardization
Less delivery risk
Critical communications
• Features:
–
–
–
–
Robust
Excellent group operation
Priority control
Direct mode
• Benefits:
– More operating modes supported
– Performance (KPI) improvements
– Better support for “difficult”
radio situations

6. Commitment and 3GPP Cooperation
National Public Safety Telecommunications Council
Spectrum and US$7bn funding for LTE-based national US
public safety network at 700MHz
Started standards process in 3GPP
Tetra + Critical Communications Association
Committed to LTE for broadband critical communication systems
Requirements & Technical Input
LTE Enhancements
• Preserve strengths of LTE while also adding
features needed for public safety
• Maximize the technical commonality between
commercial and public safety aspects
Cellular
Industry
Source: 3GPP SA Chair

7. Public Safety LTE gains momentum
William Jackson portrays LTE as a „known‟ part of the future U.S.
nationwide public safety network, as specified by the First Responder
Network Authority. This article describes the LTE standard as holding
‘…the promise of an interoperable
network based on non-proprietary,
commercially available technology‟
and takes a look at how LTE fits in to
the U.S. public safety environment.
Why LTE is the next generation in wireless
“ESMCP is keen to enhance the next generation of
mobile technology – 4G Long Term Evolution – to
deliver the functionality, coverage, security and
availability required by U.K.,” said Russell. “ESMCP
is planning to appoint a delivery partner in 2015 and
hopes to start transition to the new service late 2016.”
U.K. Preps for Broadband
Mission-Critical Network

8. Public Safety Requirements and Standards
e.g. eMBMS
• Public safety imposes unique
LTE
Standards
requirements that cannot all
e.g. certain
be satisfied with LTE
priority &
LTE
QoS feature
standards that are available
Product
from OEM
today. An example of such a
requirement is Mission e.g. mission
Critical Voice, which critical voice
Commercial
includes Push to Talk (PTT),
LTE
Network
off-network operation, and a
Source:
variety of related functions.
NPSTC
• As LTE standards continue to evolve, and organizations such as
FirstNet participate in the 3GPP standards processes to drive desired
capabilities, more of the public safety requirements can be satisfied
with products based on these standards.

9. 3GPP public safety work items
Work Item
Study on Resilient E-UTRAN Operation
for Public Safety (FS_REOPS)
Proximity-based Services Specification
(ProSe)
3GPP Work Item
Release Document
13
SP-130240
12
SP-130030
RP-122009
Group Communication System Enablers
for LTE (GCSE_LTE)
12
SP-130326
Public Safety Broadband High Power
User Equipment for Band 14 for Region 2
11
RP-120362
Source: 3GPP

10. Proximity-based Services
Allow devices in close proximity to communicate directly
1. Reduce network load
2. Increase capacity in given bandwidth
3. Allow communication in areas without network coverage
Network
Network
Cell
Site
Current LTE
Communication Path
Cell
Site
Locally Routed
Network
Assisted
Discovery
Direct
Communication
Cell
Site
UE Relay

11. Group Communication System Enablers
• Enable efficient group communication
1.
2.
3.
4.
Dynamic groups with mobile users and
dispatchers
Support for floor control (e.g. push to talk)
Large groups (perhaps up to 5000)
Low latency to add users, obtain channels
G.C. Network Application
Network API
3GPP LTE Network Layers
G.C. Network Application
2.
3.
Dispatcher
Group Call Enabled
LTE Network
Network API
3GPP LTE Network Layers
• Group call application is separate
from the 3GPP system enablers
1.
Group Call
application
sever
Cell
Site
Application layer: group management, floor
control decisions, legacy interoperability
LTE layer: mobility, service continuity,
radio efficiency
Group Members
Joint: performance, service interaction
UE Relay

12. Resilient E-UTRAN Operation
Isolated E-UTRAN can be formed following:
1.
Isolated E-UTRAN
An Outage event within the infrastructure network
Outage in the
Infrastructure
Network
Mobile
Command
Post
•
•
•
•
2.
1 or more eNB(s)
Transport connection between eNBs
Backhaul
Local EPC functions at eNB
•
Restoration of coverage for the
group of eNBs
Security between UE and eNB
Security between eNBs
Offer similar services seen prior to
Outage event
Deployment of Mobile Command Posts (MCPs)
•
•
•
•

13. 3GPP standards availability
Release 12 draft standards and schedule
WG
Document
Title
Date
SA1
TR 22.803
Study on Proximity-based Services
2011/09~2013/01
SA1
TS 22.115
TS 22.278
Service aspects; Charging and billing
Service requirements for the Evolved Packet System (EPS)
2012/12~2013/06
SA2
TR 23.703
Study on architecture enhancements to support Proximity Services
2012/12~2013/09
SA3
TR 33.8xy
Study on security issues to support Proximity Services
2013/03~2014/03
RAN1
RAN2
TR 36.843
Feasibility Study on LTE Device to Device Proximity Services Radio Aspects
2012/12~2014/03
SA1
TS 22.468
Group Communication System Enablers for LTE
2012/06~2013/12
SA2
TR 23.768
Study on architecture enhancements to support Group
Communication System Enablers for LTE
2013/02~2013/09
Release 13 draft standards and schedule
WG
Document
SA1
TR 22.897
Title
Study on Resilient E-UTRAN Operation for Public Safety
Date
2013/07~2014/06
Source: 3GPP

14. ProSe Feature Component Analysis
(I) Service Continuity
(ext1) RAN
support
(ext2) SA3
specification
(G) UE to UE Relay
(C) Direct 1:1
E-UTRA Comm.,
in coverage
(D) Direct 1:many
E-UTRA Comm.,
in coverage
(A) Direct 1:1
E-UTRA Comm.,
out of coverage
(H) UE to NW Relay
(E) ProSe Comm
Path via eNB
(F) ProSe-assisted
WLAN Direct
(B) Direct 1:many
E-UTRA Comm.,
out of coverage
Source: 3GPP SA1/SA2 Chair

15. ProSe Key Components for Public Safety
The most important public safety use case is:
Group communication in areas where network coverage is unavailable or intermittent, for
example, (a) very rural areas, basements, tower blocks etc., (b) during network outages
In some of these scenarios the priority is local communication within a group of public
safety users in proximity.
In other scenarios the important thing is for users to be able to extend coverage (e.g. from
a vehicle) to be able to link back to a control room.
The following components are key for Release 12:
(B) Direct 1:many E-UTRA Communication out of coverage
(D) Direct 1:many E-UTRA Communication in E-UTRAN coverage
– NPSBN Users may be outside of the range of the fixed network, such as first responders in a
rural area assisting in a response to a plane crash or police officers inside a residence
responding to a domestic issue.
– Off-network voice communications must be immediately accessible to users in the absence
of the NPSBN
(H) UE to NW Relay
– We use this often to extend vehicle-based coverage footprint to handheld devices.
– Also key to public safety, we would like this to be included in R12 if a solution can be found
Source: UK Home Office
that does not add too much complexity to the rest of the work.

16. ProSe Reference Architecture Model
ProSe APP
LTE- Uu
E -UTRAN
PC 5
SGi
S1
UE
EPC
LTE- Uu
PC 4
ProSe APP
UE
PC 3
PC 2
ProSe Function
PC 6
ProSe APP
Server
PC1: It is the reference point between
the ProSe application in the UE and in
the ProSe App Server. It is used to define
application level signalling requirements.
PC2: It is the reference point between
the ProSe App Server and the ProSe
Function. It is used to define the
interaction between ProSe App Server
and ProSe functionality provided by the
3GPP EPS via ProSe Function.
PC 1
One example may be for application data updates for a ProSe database in the ProSe Function. Another example may be data
for use by ProSe App Server in interworking between 3GPP functionality and application data, e.g. name translation.
PC3: It is the reference point between the UE and ProSe Function. It is used to define the interaction between UE and ProSe
Function. An example may be to use for configuration for ProSe discovery and communication.
PC4: It is the reference point between the EPC and ProSe Function. It is used to define the interaction between EPC and
ProSe Function. Possible use cases may be when setting up a one-to-one communication path between UEs or when
validating ProSe services (authorization) for session management or mobility management in real time.
PC5: It is the reference point between UE to UE used for control and user plane for discovery and communication, for relay
and one-to-one communication ( between UEs directly and between UEs over LTE-Uu).
PC6: This reference point between ProSe Functions in different PLMNs (when not roaming) may be used for functions such
as ProSe Discovery between users subscribed to different PLMNs.
Source: TR 23.703 v0.5.0

17. GCSE Feature Component Analysis
(J) High Availability
(ext1) SA2/
ProSe support
(H) Resource Efficiency
(K) Interworking
?
(I) Roaming Scenarios
(G) UE to NW Relay
(E) User Interaction
(ext2) RAN
support
(F) Service Continuity
(D) Floor Control
(L) UE-AS
Open
Interface
(ext3) SA3
specification
(C) Geographic Scope
(B) Group Comm (TX,RX)
(A) Group Management
Source: 3GPP SA1/SA2 Chair

18. GCSE Key Components for Public Safety
The key features delivered by existing systems, such as TETRA/P25 are:
Simultaneous distribution of the same content to groups of users.
Reliable and fast set-up of communications.
Support for very large groups of users, either located in a small geographic area
or widely spread geographically.
The following components are key for Release 12:
(A) Group Management
Any aspects of this required to make core functionality work.
(B) Group Communications
(F) Service Continuity
Service will not be usable without this.
(H) Resource Efficiency
Planned or unplanned major incidents may require group communications within a very
large group in a small geographic area - requires good radio resource efficiency.
(E) User Interaction
Some aspects only; related to performance, immediate updating of group membership, all
members receiving transmissions at the same time.
Source: UK Home Office

19. GCSE Reference Architecture Model
S1-MME
MME
GC4
P-GW
S11
S5
SGi
GC5
Media
S1-U
S-GW
GCSE
Application
UE
eNB
GC3
Uu
ProSe
Communication
GCSE
Application
UE
UE
GCSE
Application
GC1
MBMS
GW
GC2
SG-imb
MuSe BM-SC
SG-mb
GCSE
Application
server
GC1: It is the reference point
between the GCSE application in
the UE and in the application
server. It is used to define
application
level
signalling
requirement to enable Multipoint
functionality for GCSE_LTE,
and
possibly
for
session
establishment and floor control
usages, etc.
GC2: It is the reference point between the GCSE AS and the MuSe function. It is used to define the interaction between
GCSE AS and MuSe functionality provided by the 3GPP EPS layer.
GC3: It is the reference point between the E-UTRAN and MuSe function. It is used to define the interaction between EUTRAN and MuSe function in order to achieve Multipoint functionality provided by the 3GPP EPS layer.
GC4: It is the reference point between the MME and MuSe function It is used to define the interaction between MME
and MuSe function in order to achieve Multipoint functionality provided by the 3GPP EPS layer.
GC5: It is the reference point between the P-GW and MuSe function. It is used to provide DL unicast service by MuSe.
Source: TR 23.768 v0.3.0

20. 3GPP Release 12 roadmap
Requirements
Architecture
Protocols
Bug fixing
Later Phase Enhancements …
2012
2013
June
2014
Dec.
Requirements Freeze
(Postpone from March
for Public Safety Work)
2015
June
Signaling
Freeze
Architecture
Freeze
Release 12
Implementations
Available?
Source: 3GPP SA Chair

21. Work beyond 3GPP
• Standards are one element in enabling a market
– 3GPP will deliver LTE enhancements for public safety in Rel-12
• Potential users need to also consider
– Legacy coexistence and migration strategies
• Interworking requirement need to be carefully considered
• Extension of PTT application with P25/TETRA to the LTE network
– Handset and infrastructure ecosystem
• Use of a commercial wireless carrier
– Regulation
• The „Middle Class Tax Relief and Job Creation Act of 2012‟ directs FirstNet
to establish a single nationwide public safety broadband network.
– Spectrum (ITU)
• World Radio Conference - 2015 (WRC-15) is currently under preparation
– Working Party 5A: allocations for PPDR (Public Protection and Disaster Relief)
– Working Party 5D: WRC-15 agenda point 1.2 (organization of 700 MHz band)
– Application designs

22. Legacy coexistence and migration strategies
• The legacy coexistence is for the LTE network to interwork
with P25/TETRA voice and low data-rate services such as
short message.
Cloud - based Applications including
• This interworking
enables interoperability
and also provides the
necessary migration
path from P25/TETRA
with an LTE overlay to
a mission-critical LTE
network running all
mission critical services.
Control Room Applications
Single sign-on services (security) Communications
services - including PMR/LMR applications
Subscriber & group management, group calls, etc.
TETRA,
TETRAPOL,
etc. PMR/LMR
networks
Non Mission
Critical data
(commercial
LTE)
Mission
Critical Data
(Private LTE)
Mission
Critical Voice
(Private LTE)
Upgrade
Learn
Build
Migrate
1
2
3
4
Mission Critical voice Using commercial
services Until LTE
3G/4G carriers
readiness & maturity
Source: Alcatel-Lucent/TCCA
Strategic: requires
spectrum for private LTE
TIME / STAGE

23. BB system introduction and coexistence
The application is focused on coexistence between Narrowband PMR
systems and Broadband PMR systems. Narrowband systems for voice
communications and low data rate communications: (1)TETRA, (2)
TETRAPOL, (3) APCO 25 These systems are using 10 to 25 kHz
bandwidths. For high data rate communications, LTE is the system that
is targeted to be used for
future PMR Broadband.
Bandwidths of
1.4 MHz,
3 MHz,
5 MHZ,
10Mhz
are considered.
Source: Cassidian

24. Handset and infrastructure ecosystem
LTE provides numerous benefits that make it attractive for partnerships
between jurisdictions, and between public and private organizations.
Experts predict there will be
more partnerships as more
public safety agencies begin
moving forward with
deployments.
Financial benefits as shown in
right figure, it is dramatically
more cost-effective to build a
network as part of a publicprivate partnership rather
than on a standalone basis.
-10%
Source: Bell Labs

25. Use of a commercial wireless carrier
In the US, it is expected that FirstNet will select an Internet Packet
Exchange (IPX) provider to handle the connectivity between the
NPSBN and the various commercial networks with whom NPBSN
creates roaming agreements.
NPBSN
When roaming
onto commercial
networks, it may be
desirable to route
certain traffic, such
as Internet traffic,
locally in the
commercial LTE
network.
Source: NPSTC
Commercial LTE

26. First Responder Network Authority
The „Middle Class Tax Relief and Job Creation Act of 2012‟
directs First Responder Network Authority (FirstNet), a new
entity within NTIA, to establish a single nationwide, interoperable
public safety broadband network. It will develop recommended
technical requirements to ensure nationwide interoperability, based
on the LTE standard. FCC will facilitate transition of public safety
broadband spectrum (700 MHz D Block) to FirstNet.
http://www.ntia.doc.gov/category/firstnet
Source: FirstNet

27. Relationship between 3GPP and other SDOs
Developing internet
protocol specs
Developing
Recommendations
Referring to specs
ITU-R/T
Input
specs
Developing Mobile
application specs
Developing Wireless
LAN/MAN specs
Cross reference
of specs
Requirements
Referring to 3GPP specs
(contributed by
individual members)
Cross reference
of specs
MRP
Terminal certification
based on 3GPP specs
Partners of 3GPP
Referring to 3GPP specs for
the local specs
Terminal
Certification
Organisational Partners
EU
Japan
Korea
China
North America
Source: 3GPP

28. ITU-R Study Group Meetings: Working Party 5D
Research and Technology Trials
WRC-2012
2011
2012
Standard
WRC-2019
WRC-2015
2013
2014
2015
2016
Product R&D
2017
2018
2019
Deployment
5G
2020
2021
2022
Revisions to RR,
Resolutions & Questions,
Recommendations Reports
ITU Member States (including
Regional Groups, Informal Group)
Final Acts
RA
Rec
WRC
RR
Technical bases
CPM
Director
RRB
RRB: Radio Regulations Board
SGs: Radio-communication
Study Groups
SC: Special Committee
(Regulation & Proc.)
RA: Radio-communication
Assembly
WRC: World Radiocommunication Conference
Radiocommunication Bureau
SGs & SC
RofP
Source: ITU & Huawei

29. Broadband Spectrum in America (Region 2)
• United States was the first country to allocate Broadband Public Safety
spectrum.
• Initially 5+5 MHz spectrum was allocated by the USA for dedicated
Broadband Public Safety spectrum. Earlier this year US Congress passed
a law allocating the additional 5+5 MHz dedicated PSBB spectrum.
• Recently Canada has also indicated its intention to follow a similar
Source: ITU
allocation

30. Broadband Spectrum in EMEA (Region 1)
• Europe's 700 MHz digital dividend is only 30+30 MHz and all of this
will be allocated to Public cellular operators.
• Broadband PPDR spectrum in Region 1 may be found in Digital
Dividend 2 which is expected beyond 2015
• Some countries in Europe are looking at some interim solutions in the
lower frequency bands around 400 MHz.
• However, sufficient broadband spectrum may not be available in those
bands.
Source: ITU

31. Broadband Spectrum in Asia (Region 3)
• Many Asian countries will adopt APT band plan for 700 MHz Digital
Dividend.
• Some countries in Asia will allocate the Lower 10+10 MHz (703713/758-768) for Broadband PPDR.
• The advantage of the lower portion is that it will provide buffer for the
DTV below 698 MHz in terms of co-existence and protection to the TV
services.
Source: ITU

32. Other Broadband Spectrum Option
• Some Asian countries (e.g. Australia, Singapore) are also looking at the
800 MHz band, which has been planned by 3GPP for LTE under Band
26. Within this band, any 10+10 MHz could be used for Broadband
PPDR.
• Some Region 3 countries are also considering use the US band plan.
Within the US 700 MHz band, 3GPP Band 13 or 14 could be used for
Broadband PPDR for which PSLTE devices are already available.
• One Region 3 Country is considering 1.4 GHz Band while Some
countries are also looking at 2.3 GHz IMT Band.
Source: ITU

33. Conclusions
• 3GPP has started work on public safety standards
– Meet market needs in an interoperable manner
– Technical participation in Release 12 is needed
• LTE based public safety networks
– Use common off the shelf technology
– Improve on existing capabilities with broadband and
multimedia
• Work beyond 3GPP
– New business opportunities with commercial mobile operators
– Interworking and migration need careful consideration
– ITU‟s Working Party 5A dealing notably with allocations for
Public Protection and Disaster Relief (PPDR)

34. Reference
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
http://www.3gpp.org/Public-Safety
http://www.3gpp.org/Public-Safety-LTE-gains-momentum
Radio Communications for Emergency Response and Disaster Relief
(http://www.itu.int/ITU-D/asp/CMS/Events/2012/NBTCdisaster/S6_MrBhatia.pdf)
EMPhAtiC – Standardization Strategy
(http://www.ict-ras.eu/index.php/meetings)
Public safety LTE: A How-to Guide
(http://criticalcommunicationsworld.com/wp-content/uploads/tetra11/14691Alcatel-Lucent_How-to-guide_LTE-for-Public-Safety_Global_edition_EN.pdf)
http://gcn.com/Articles/2013/04/08/Why-LTE-is-the-next-generation-inwireless.aspx?Page=2
http://www.radioresourcemag.com/onlyonline.cfm?OnlyOnlineID=400

35. Q&A