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A Deep Look Inside Windows Azure AND ITS Virtual Machine,[object Object],Wely Lau (wely@ncs.com.sg) ,[object Object],Microsoft MVP, Windows Azure,[object Object],Solutions Architect, NCS Pte Ltd,[object Object],Blog : http://wely-lau.net,[object Object]
Agenda,[object Object],Introduction (10 mins) ,[object Object],Windows Azure Service Model (10 mins),[object Object],Fabric Controller Internal (10 mins),[object Object],Deploying a Service (15 mins) ,[object Object],Service Allocation and Service Healing (10 mins),[object Object],Inside Windows Azure Virtual Machine (15 mins) ,[object Object],Q & A (5 mins),[object Object]
introduction,[object Object]
What is a “Cloud”?,[object Object],Cloud: on-demand, scalable, multi-tenant, self-service compute and storage resources,[object Object]
Types of Cloud,[object Object],Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS): basic compute and storage resources,[object Object],On-demand servers,[object Object],Amazon EC2, VMWarevCloud, Rackspace,[object Object],Platform as a Service (PaaS): cloud application infrastructure,[object Object],On-demand application-hosting environment,[object Object],E.g. Google AppEngine, Salesforce.com, Windows Azure,[object Object],Software as a Service (SaaS): cloud applications,[object Object],On-demand applications,[object Object],E.g. Office 365, GMail, Microsoft Office Web Companions,[object Object]
Cloud: Efficiency Versus Control,[object Object],Windows Azure,[object Object],Efficiency,[object Object],Control + Cost,[object Object]
Windows Azure,[object Object],Windows Azure is an OS for the data center,[object Object],Model: Treat the data center as a machine,[object Object],Handles resource management, provisioning, and monitoring,[object Object],Manages application lifecycle,[object Object],Allows developers to concentrate on business logic,[object Object],Provides common building blocks for distributed applications,[object Object],Reliable queuing, simple structured storage, SQL storage,[object Object],Application services like access control and connectivity,[object Object]
Windows Azure Platform Building Blocks,[object Object],Fabric,[object Object],Controller,[object Object],Compute,[object Object],[object Object]
Worker Role
VM RoleStorage,[object Object],[object Object]
Blobs
QueuesVirtual Network,[object Object],[object Object]
Traffic ManagerReporting,[object Object],Database,[object Object],Data Sync,[object Object],Access Control,[object Object],Service Bus,[object Object],Caching,[object Object]
Sidebar: What’s with all these “Fabrics”?,[object Object],The Windows Azure Fabric Controller is totally, completely, unrelated to AppFabric,[object Object],AppFabric is a brand that encompasses:,[object Object],Windows Server AppFabric: a set of components for building composite applications based on Windows Communication Foundation and Windows Workflow,[object Object],Windows Azure AppFabric: Cloud services for connecting cloud and on-premise applications ,[object Object],AppFabricAccess Control Service,[object Object],AppFabric Service Bus,[object Object],AppFabric Cache,[object Object],Built as Windows Azure services,[object Object]
Windows Azure Service Model,[object Object]
Multi-tier Cloud Applications,[object Object],A cloud application is typically made up of different components,[object Object],Front end: e.g. load-balanced stateless web servers,[object Object],Middle worker tier: e.g. order processing, encoding,[object Object],Backend storage: e.g. SQL tables or files,[object Object],Multiple instances of each for scalability and availability,[object Object],Front-End,[object Object],Middle-Tier,[object Object],Middle-Tier,[object Object],Windows,[object Object],Azure,[object Object],Storage,SQL Azure,[object Object],Middle-Tier,[object Object],Front-End,[object Object],HTTP/HTTPS,[object Object],Load Balancer,[object Object],My Cloud Application,[object Object]
The Windows Azure Service Model,[object Object],A Windows Azure application is called a “service”,[object Object],Definition information (Role name, Role type, VM size, etc.),[object Object],Configuration information (# of instances, # of update domains, etc.),[object Object],At least one “role”,[object Object],Your codes,[object Object],Roles are like DLLs in the service “process”,[object Object],Collection of code with an entry point that runs in its own virtual machine,[object Object],There are currently three role types:,[object Object],Web Role: IIS7 and ASP.NET in Windows Azure-supplied OS,[object Object],Worker Role: arbitrary code in Windows Azure-supplied OS,[object Object],VM Role: uploaded VHD with customer-supplied OS,[object Object],My ,[object Object],Service,[object Object],Role: Middle-Tier,[object Object],Definition,[object Object],Type: Worker,[object Object],VM Size: Large,[object Object],Endpoints: Internal-1,[object Object],Role: Front-End,[object Object],Definition,[object Object],Type: Web,[object Object],VM Size: Small,[object Object],Endpoints: External-1,[object Object],Configuration,[object Object],Instances: 3,[object Object],Update Domains: 2,[object Object],Fault Domains: 2,[object Object],Configuration,[object Object],Instances: 2,[object Object],Update Domains: 2,[object Object],Fault Domains: 2,[object Object]
Service Model Files,[object Object],Service definition is in ServiceDefinition.csdef,[object Object],Service configuration is in ServiceConfiguration.cscfg,[object Object],CSPackprogram Zips service binaries and definition into service package file (service.cscfg),[object Object]
Availability: Update Domains,[object Object],Purpose: Ensure service stays up while updating and Windows Azure OS updates,[object Object],System considers update domains when upgrading a service,[object Object],1/Update domains = percent of service that will be offline,[object Object],Default is 5 and max is 20, but you can override with upgradeDomainCount service definition property,[object Object],The Windows Azure SLA is based on at least two update domains and two role instances in each role,[object Object],Middle Tier-3,[object Object],Front-End-1,[object Object],Middle Tier-2,[object Object],Middle Tier-1,[object Object],Front-End-2,[object Object],Front-End-1,[object Object],Front-End-2,[object Object],Middle Tier-1,[object Object],Middle Tier-2,[object Object],Middle Tier-3,[object Object],Update Domain 1,[object Object],Update Domain 2,[object Object],Update Domain 3,[object Object]
Availability:  Fault Domains,[object Object],Purpose: Avoid single points of failures,[object Object],Similar concept to update domains,[object Object],But you don’t control the updates,[object Object],Unit of failure based on data center topology,[object Object],E.g. top-of-rack switch on a rack of machines,[object Object],Windows Azure considers fault domains when allocating service roles,[object Object],2 fault domains per service,[object Object],Will try and spread roles out across more,[object Object],E.g. don’t put all roles in same rack,[object Object],Front-End-2,[object Object],Front-End-1,[object Object],Front-End-2,[object Object],Front-End-1,[object Object],Middle Tier-2,[object Object],Middle Tier-2,[object Object],Middle Tier-1,[object Object],Middle Tier-1,[object Object],Middle Tier-3,[object Object],Middle Tier-3,[object Object],Fault Domain 1,[object Object],Fault Domain 2,[object Object],Fault Domain 3,[object Object]
Fabric controller internals,[object Object]
“sketch” of Datacenter Architecture,[object Object],Datacenter Routers,[object Object],Aggregation Routers and,[object Object],Load Balancers,[object Object],Agg,[object Object],Agg,[object Object],Agg,[object Object],Agg,[object Object],LB,[object Object],LB,[object Object],LB,[object Object],LB,[object Object],LB,[object Object],LB,[object Object],LB,[object Object],LB,[object Object],Top of Rack,[object Object],Switches,[object Object],TOR,[object Object],TOR,[object Object],TOR,[object Object],TOR,[object Object],TOR,[object Object],TOR,[object Object],TOR,[object Object],TOR,[object Object],TOR,[object Object],…,[object Object],…,[object Object],…,[object Object],…,[object Object],Racks,[object Object],Nodes,[object Object],Nodes,[object Object],Nodes,[object Object],Nodes,[object Object],Nodes,[object Object],Nodes,[object Object],Nodes,[object Object],Nodes,[object Object],Nodes,[object Object],PDU,[object Object],PDU,[object Object],PDU,[object Object],PDU,[object Object],PDU,[object Object],PDU,[object Object],PDU,[object Object],PDU,[object Object],PDU,[object Object],Power Distribution Units,[object Object]
Windows Azure Datacenters,[object Object]
Datacenter Clusters,[object Object],Datacenters are divided into “clusters”,[object Object],Approximately 1000 rack-mounted server (we call them “nodes”),[object Object],Each cluster is managed by a Fabric Controller (FC) ,[object Object],FC is responsible for:,[object Object],Blade provisioning,[object Object],Blade management,[object Object],Service deployment and lifecycle,[object Object],Datacenter network,[object Object],FC,[object Object],FC,[object Object],FC,[object Object],Cluster,[object Object],1,[object Object],Cluster,[object Object],2,[object Object],…,[object Object],Cluster,[object Object],n,[object Object]
Inside a Cluster,[object Object],FC is a distributed, stateful application running on nodes (servers) spread across fault domains,[object Object],Top blades are reserved for FC,[object Object],Installed by “Utility Fabric Controller”,[object Object],One FC instance is the primary and all others keep view of world in sync,[object Object],Supports rolling upgrade, and services continue to run even if FC fails entirely,[object Object],TOR,[object Object],TOR,[object Object],TOR,[object Object],TOR,[object Object],TOR,[object Object],AGG,[object Object],LB,[object Object],LB,[object Object],LB,[object Object],LB,[object Object],LB,[object Object],FC3,[object Object],FC1,[object Object],FC2,[object Object],FC4,[object Object],FC5,[object Object],FC3,[object Object],…,[object Object],…,[object Object],…,[object Object],…,[object Object],…,[object Object],…,[object Object],…,[object Object],…,[object Object],…,[object Object],…,[object Object],Nodes,[object Object],Rack,[object Object]
The Fabric Controller (FC),[object Object],X,[object Object],The “kernel” of the cloud operating system,[object Object],Manages datacenter hardware,[object Object],Manages Windows Azure services,[object Object],Four main responsibilities:,[object Object],Datacenter resource allocation,[object Object],Datacenter resource provisioning,[object Object],Service lifecycle management,[object Object],Service health management,[object Object],Inputs:,[object Object],Description of the hardware and network resources it will control,[object Object],Service model and binaries for cloud applications,[object Object],Server,[object Object],Kernel,[object Object],Process,[object Object],Datacenter,[object Object],Fabric Controller,[object Object],Service,[object Object],Word,[object Object],SQL Server,[object Object],Exchange,[object Object],Online,[object Object],SQL Azure,[object Object],Windows Kernel,[object Object],Fabric Controller,[object Object],Server,[object Object],Datacenter,[object Object],(DataCenter.xml),[object Object]
Cluster Resource Description,[object Object],The Fabric Controller is bootstrapped with a Utility Fabric Controller (UFC),[object Object],Single-instance FC ,[object Object],Used for bootstrap and FC updates,[object Object],UFC feeds FC a description of the cluster physical and logical resources in Datacenter.xml,[object Object],Server IP addresses,[object Object],Pool of network IP addresses to assign services,[object Object],Network hardware and Power Distribution Unit addresses,[object Object]
Inside a Node,[object Object],Physical Node,[object Object],Guest Partition,[object Object],Guest Partition,[object Object],Guest Partition,[object Object],Role Instance,[object Object],Role Instance,[object Object],Role Instance,[object Object],Trust boundary,[object Object],Guest Agent,[object Object],Guest Agent,[object Object],Guest Agent,[object Object],Host Partition,[object Object],Image Repository (OS VHDs, role ZIP files),[object Object],FC Host Agent,[object Object],Fabric Controller (Primary),[object Object],Fabric Controller (Replica),[object Object],Fabric Controller (Replica),[object Object],…,[object Object]
Fabric Viewer,[object Object],Used by Windows Azure Operation Team to view the fabric inside the datacenter,[object Object],racks,[object Object],clusters,[object Object]
Deploying a service,[object Object]
Deploying a Service to the Cloud:The 10,000 foot view,[object Object],Service,[object Object],Service package uploaded to portal,[object Object],Windows Azure Portal Service passes service package to “Red Dog Front End” (RDFE) Azure service,[object Object],RDFE converts service package to native “RD” version,[object Object],RDFE sends service to Fabric Controller (FC) based on target region,[object Object],FC stores image in repository and deploys and activates service,[object Object],Portal Service,[object Object],RDFE,[object Object],Service,[object Object],US-North Central Datacenter,[object Object],FC,[object Object]
Deploying a Service to the Cloud: a DEEP Look,[object Object]
Service Allocation and Service Healing,[object Object]
Service Resource Allocation,[object Object],Goal: allocate service components to available resources while satisfying all hard constraints ,[object Object],HW requirements: CPU, Memory, Storage, Network,[object Object],Fault domains,[object Object],Secondary goal: Satisfy soft constraints ,[object Object],Prefer allocations which will simplify servicing the host OS/hypervisor,[object Object],Optimize network proximity: pack nodes,[object Object],Service allocation produces the goal state for the resources assigned to the service components,[object Object],Node and VM configuration (OS, hosting environment),[object Object],Images and configuration files to deploy,[object Object],Processes to start,[object Object],Assign and configure network resources such as LB and VIPs,[object Object]
Service Allocation Example ,[object Object],Role B,[object Object],Count: 2,[object Object],Update Domains: 2 ,[object Object],Size: Medium,[object Object],Role A,[object Object],Count: 3,[object Object],Update Domains: 3 ,[object Object],Size: Large,[object Object],www.mycloudapp.net,[object Object],www.mycloudapp.net,[object Object],Load,[object Object],Balancer,[object Object],10.100.0.185,[object Object],10.100.0.36,[object Object],10.100.0.122,[object Object],Fault Domain 1,[object Object],Fault Domain 2,[object Object],Fault Domain 3,[object Object]
Node and Role Health Maintenance,[object Object],FC maintains service availability by monitoring the software and hardware health,[object Object],Based primarily on heartbeats ,[object Object],Automatically “heals” affected roles,[object Object]
Service Healing,[object Object],Role B,[object Object],Worker Role,[object Object],Count: 2,[object Object],Update Domains: 2,[object Object],Size: Medium,[object Object],Role A – V2,[object Object],VM Role ,[object Object],(Front End),[object Object],Count: 3,[object Object],Update Domains: 3,[object Object],Size: Large,[object Object],www.mycloudapp.net,[object Object],www.mycloudapp.net,[object Object],Load,[object Object],Balancer,[object Object],10.100.0.185,[object Object],10.100.0.191,[object Object],10.100.0.36,[object Object],10.100.0.122,[object Object],Fault Domain 1,[object Object],Fault Domain 2,[object Object],Fault Domain 3,[object Object]
Inside windows azure vm,[object Object]
Windows Azure VM Sizes,[object Object],Each Windows Azure compute instance represents a virtual server. ,[object Object],Although many resources are dedicated to a particular instance, some resources associated to I/O performance (network bandwidth and disk subsystem), are shared among the compute instances on the same physical host. ,[object Object],The different instance types will provide different minimum performance from the shared resources depending on their size. ,[object Object]
Local Drives,[object Object],OS Volume,[object Object],C: = Resource local drive (transient storage for VM),[object Object],D: = OS drive,[object Object],E: = Application’s code (size of the package),[object Object],Resource Volume,[object Object],Role Volume,[object Object],Guest Agent,[object Object],Role Host,[object Object],Role Entry Point,[object Object]
Runtime installed,[object Object],.NET 3.5 SP1,[object Object],.NET 4 (RTM),[object Object],VC80 CRT (8.0.50727),[object Object],VC90 CRT (9.0.30729),[object Object],URL Rewrite Module 2.0,[object Object],VC10 CRT (e.g. MSVCR100.DLL) is not fusion-ized and can be packaged together with the application,[object Object],Others?,[object Object],Java runtime,[object Object],(planned in future),[object Object],PHP,[object Object],PHP SDK for Windows Azure (“Web Platform Installer”),[object Object],Else?,[object Object],Start-up Task is your friend ,[object Object]

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A Deep Look Inside Windows Azure and Its VM

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Notes de l'éditeur

  1. Sketch Homogenous
  2. Customerupload service package through portal => RDFE (includes billing and subscription) A. FFE translate service package into fabric commands (.WAZ) understood by FC2. FFE find correct machine pool (affinity group, geo location) and communicate FC B. FC responsible to maintain and monitor HW resource.3. FC finds a host server (node) that satisfy service package. Service package is copied and deployed to the host node. C. Host Agent lives inside Host OS, responsible to setup Guest OS and communication with WaAppAgent with heartbeat. - where the Hypervisor sits - Host OS also contains set of different type of VM images - Configure IP Address and Virtual IP - Define Load Balancer4. Host agent will restart the guest OS if heartbeat is not received for 10 mins. D. WaAppAgent: - configure OS firewall, local storage resource, svc pkg and config - communicate role status to the host OS5. Copy XML config to C:\\config and start WaHostBootstrapper process E. WaHostBootStrapper: reading role config, monitor child process6. For FullIISWebRole: start IISConfigurator F. IIS Configurator: - starting IIS, configuring rewrite module, set up App Pool, copy and start your website7. WaHostBootStartpper read from E:\\RoleModel.xml and begin to execute Startup Task9. WaHostBootStrapper start host proc depend on role type: I. Worker Role: WaWorkerHost will be started - executing Run method() K. WaIISHost: (full IIS): execute OnStart, Run, OnStop L. W3WP: run the appPool that’s configured by IISConfigurator.