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Qatar University
   College of Engineering
   Department of Architecture and Urban Planning



Architectural Design 3
     Spring 2011
       Studio Notes
      April 10, 2011
   Dr. Yasser Mahgoub
Introduction
• As a result of my discussions with students
  during our design studio today, several issues
  came to my attention that they need some
  clarification.
• The Design Process
• Human Sciences
• Sustainability Rating Systems (QSAS)
Project
• The project is to design a
  community center in a public
  park.
• It is a gathering place for all
  faculty members of all ages
  and genders.
• The client provides the
  project brief and the architect
  looks for the “fit” between
  Need, Context and Form …
  The project Concept.
Community
       Center
• How to bring people of all
  ages and genders to the
  building?
• What image of building
  attracts them?
• What functions should be
  provided to encourage them
  to come to the building?
1- Need
• The Need (function, uses or
  activities) is provided by the
  client and “verified” by the
  architect.
• The Need is translated into a
  “Program” that contains
  names of functions, required
  “net areas” and
  specifications.
1.1. Program


• The architect should also
  recognize the addition of
  areas for corridors, walls,
  services, etc., called “non-
  assigned” areas, to find the
  “Gross area” of the functions
  and project.
• The average of “Net to Gross”
  area ratio is 60%. It can be
  more or less according to the
  building type, functions,
  required image, luxury, and
  feasibility.
1.2. Program
        analysis




• The architect then starts to
  “analyze” the program in
  terms of functions’
  relationships and proximity.
1.2. Program
        analysis
• The next step is to study the
  relationships using the
  “bubble diagram” technique.
• The Bubble diagram provides
  an image of relationships
  between functions regardless
  of their size according to
  location only.
• The lines between the
  bubbles represent magnitude
  of relationship.
• It is very important to start
  the bubble diagram by an
  entrance arrow.
1.2. Program
        analysis
• The shapes of the functions
  sizes are placed over the
  bubble diagram to create a
  relationship diagram
  according to sizes and
  locations.




• The next step will require
  completion of site analysis
  stage. This is when we place
  the relationship diagram on
  the site according to site
  analysis.
1.3. Human
       Sciences
• Our understanding of people
  helps us design successful
  buildings for them. Human
  Sciences include Psychology
  (individual), Sociology
  (groups), ), Behavior
  (individual and groups),
  Anthropology (culture) and
  History (civilization).
• “We shape our buildings, and
  afterwards our buildings
  shape us.” -Winston Churchill,
  28 October 1943
1.3. Human
       Sciences
• It is very important to realize
  that buildings are not neutral
  “containers” but they affect
  peoples existence, being and
  dwelling.
• That’s why our responsibility
  as architects is tremendous
  because our products affect
  people, society and culture.
• For example, a classroom
  shape and arrangement
  affects students, teachers and
  education of future
  generations.
2- Site
• Site study is another
  important stage that should
  be conducted “in parallel”
  with the Need study and
  program analysis.
• We have to consider the
  “physical” as well as the
  “human” site characteristics.
• PEOPLE should be our first
  and foremost concern when
  designing projects.
• After all we are a service
  profession that provides
  artifacts used by people.
2.1. Site
    characteristics
•   As we discussed before, site
    characteristics include location,
    size, dimension, shape,
    topography, soil conditions, etc.
    The context include climatic
    conditions (Macro and Micro) ,
    surrounding streets, buildings
    and vegetation.
•   Climatic conditions include
    temperature (ranges [min, max
    and average]), sun (sun path
    and angles), wind (direction,
    frequency, quality), humidity
    (frequency), and precipitations
    (rain).
2.1. Site
    characteristics
• While sun, wind and
  precipitation have known
  solutions, yet humidity is a
  unique characteristic of this
  region that needs to be
  considered carefully.
• There are traditional climatic
  solutions that we can learn
  from; courtyards, wind
  catchers (badjeer), thick walls,
  small windows, etc.
• Also, building shape and
  configuration can play an
  important role in solving
  many climatic conditions.
2.2. Site analysis
• Site analysis includes analysis
  of topography and site shape
  and dimensions to investigate
  how would they affect the
  building configuration.
• Our understanding of Survey
  and Soil conditions (Civil
  courses!) helps us determine
  the appropriate solutions for
  the site.
2.2. Site analysis
• Building configuration affects
  cost, performance and image.
• We can achieve the same
  area using different
  configurations and shapes.
  Yet the perimeter length will
  be different and hence
  exposure to climatic
  conditions and cost.
• Site analysis will also consider
  access (vehicular and
  pedestrian), views (from and
  to), surrounding buildings
  (style, color, materials) etc.
3. Concept
•   Now the Concept! The most
    difficult step in the design
    process.
•   Program and Site analysis
    provide us with information,
    considerations and conditions
    that affect our design decisions.
•   The Concept provides the
    holistic idea that brings the
    program and the site together.
•   Sources of concepts can be
    from nature, technology,
    culture, literature, art, site,
    program, etc.. It can be
    pragmatic (direct) or abstract
    (indirect).
3. Concept
• The concept will provide
  solution to program
  requirements, site conditions
  and human aspirations.
• The building will be seen by
  the society (indirect users)
  most of the time and be used
  by direct users part of the
  time.
• Architecture is Exterior Form
  and Interior Space.
• It will provide and image,
  landmark and place.
3. Concept
• The project is like a cup that
  contains juice!
• The cup is the site while the
  juice is the program .
• The concept gives shape and
  appearance to the “cup” and
  a taste of the “juice”. 
• Our study of examples
  “precedence” is very critical
  at the stage of concept
  generation. They provide us
  with ideas and solutions that
  we can learn from.
4. QSAS
•   All projects should work
    according to a sustainability
    strategy.
•   For this project we select to
    study QSAS (Qatar
    Sustainability Assessment
    System) to apply on this
    project.
•   To achieve sustainability,
    projects should work from day
    one on applying sustainability
    strategies.
•   It is too late to achieve
    sustainability after the design
    and construction is finished.
End

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Architectural design 3 10-4-2011 notes

  • 1. Qatar University College of Engineering Department of Architecture and Urban Planning Architectural Design 3 Spring 2011 Studio Notes April 10, 2011 Dr. Yasser Mahgoub
  • 2. Introduction • As a result of my discussions with students during our design studio today, several issues came to my attention that they need some clarification. • The Design Process • Human Sciences • Sustainability Rating Systems (QSAS)
  • 3. Project • The project is to design a community center in a public park. • It is a gathering place for all faculty members of all ages and genders. • The client provides the project brief and the architect looks for the “fit” between Need, Context and Form … The project Concept.
  • 4. Community Center • How to bring people of all ages and genders to the building? • What image of building attracts them? • What functions should be provided to encourage them to come to the building?
  • 5. 1- Need • The Need (function, uses or activities) is provided by the client and “verified” by the architect. • The Need is translated into a “Program” that contains names of functions, required “net areas” and specifications.
  • 6. 1.1. Program • The architect should also recognize the addition of areas for corridors, walls, services, etc., called “non- assigned” areas, to find the “Gross area” of the functions and project. • The average of “Net to Gross” area ratio is 60%. It can be more or less according to the building type, functions, required image, luxury, and feasibility.
  • 7. 1.2. Program analysis • The architect then starts to “analyze” the program in terms of functions’ relationships and proximity.
  • 8. 1.2. Program analysis • The next step is to study the relationships using the “bubble diagram” technique. • The Bubble diagram provides an image of relationships between functions regardless of their size according to location only. • The lines between the bubbles represent magnitude of relationship. • It is very important to start the bubble diagram by an entrance arrow.
  • 9. 1.2. Program analysis • The shapes of the functions sizes are placed over the bubble diagram to create a relationship diagram according to sizes and locations. • The next step will require completion of site analysis stage. This is when we place the relationship diagram on the site according to site analysis.
  • 10. 1.3. Human Sciences • Our understanding of people helps us design successful buildings for them. Human Sciences include Psychology (individual), Sociology (groups), ), Behavior (individual and groups), Anthropology (culture) and History (civilization). • “We shape our buildings, and afterwards our buildings shape us.” -Winston Churchill, 28 October 1943
  • 11. 1.3. Human Sciences • It is very important to realize that buildings are not neutral “containers” but they affect peoples existence, being and dwelling. • That’s why our responsibility as architects is tremendous because our products affect people, society and culture. • For example, a classroom shape and arrangement affects students, teachers and education of future generations.
  • 12. 2- Site • Site study is another important stage that should be conducted “in parallel” with the Need study and program analysis. • We have to consider the “physical” as well as the “human” site characteristics. • PEOPLE should be our first and foremost concern when designing projects. • After all we are a service profession that provides artifacts used by people.
  • 13. 2.1. Site characteristics • As we discussed before, site characteristics include location, size, dimension, shape, topography, soil conditions, etc. The context include climatic conditions (Macro and Micro) , surrounding streets, buildings and vegetation. • Climatic conditions include temperature (ranges [min, max and average]), sun (sun path and angles), wind (direction, frequency, quality), humidity (frequency), and precipitations (rain).
  • 14. 2.1. Site characteristics • While sun, wind and precipitation have known solutions, yet humidity is a unique characteristic of this region that needs to be considered carefully. • There are traditional climatic solutions that we can learn from; courtyards, wind catchers (badjeer), thick walls, small windows, etc. • Also, building shape and configuration can play an important role in solving many climatic conditions.
  • 15. 2.2. Site analysis • Site analysis includes analysis of topography and site shape and dimensions to investigate how would they affect the building configuration. • Our understanding of Survey and Soil conditions (Civil courses!) helps us determine the appropriate solutions for the site.
  • 16. 2.2. Site analysis • Building configuration affects cost, performance and image. • We can achieve the same area using different configurations and shapes. Yet the perimeter length will be different and hence exposure to climatic conditions and cost. • Site analysis will also consider access (vehicular and pedestrian), views (from and to), surrounding buildings (style, color, materials) etc.
  • 17. 3. Concept • Now the Concept! The most difficult step in the design process. • Program and Site analysis provide us with information, considerations and conditions that affect our design decisions. • The Concept provides the holistic idea that brings the program and the site together. • Sources of concepts can be from nature, technology, culture, literature, art, site, program, etc.. It can be pragmatic (direct) or abstract (indirect).
  • 18. 3. Concept • The concept will provide solution to program requirements, site conditions and human aspirations. • The building will be seen by the society (indirect users) most of the time and be used by direct users part of the time. • Architecture is Exterior Form and Interior Space. • It will provide and image, landmark and place.
  • 19. 3. Concept • The project is like a cup that contains juice! • The cup is the site while the juice is the program . • The concept gives shape and appearance to the “cup” and a taste of the “juice”.  • Our study of examples “precedence” is very critical at the stage of concept generation. They provide us with ideas and solutions that we can learn from.
  • 20. 4. QSAS • All projects should work according to a sustainability strategy. • For this project we select to study QSAS (Qatar Sustainability Assessment System) to apply on this project. • To achieve sustainability, projects should work from day one on applying sustainability strategies. • It is too late to achieve sustainability after the design and construction is finished.
  • 21. End