Micro-organisms can have both beneficial and harmful effects. Beneficially, they neutralize viruses, produce medicines, help decompose waste, and make nutrients and products like bread and cheese. However, some micro-organisms can also make people and plants sick by producing toxins or contaminating food, or by outcompeting beneficial microbes. Micro-organisms play an important role in health, decomposition, and food production, but maintaining balance is key to avoiding illness.