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The Evolution of Value Chains and
Recycling Opportunities in the Informal
Management of Municipal Solid Waste of
Kaduna Metropolis, Nigeria

By
Abdullahi Yusuf Rigasa -KASU, Nigeria
Badamasi, Abdul Gambo – Kadpoly, Nigeria
Abdulkarim, Bala Isah - UniAbuja, Nigeria
Outline
• Background
• Aim and objectives
• Methodology
• Kaduna metropolis
• The informal sector
• Waste Management Services in Kaduna Metropolis
• Solid waste Value chains – the evolutionary trend
• Solid Waste Value Chain Management - Proposed
Strategy
• Conclusion and Recommendation
Kaduna Metropolis – background
• Location: 100 31" 23' N; 70 26" 25‘ E
• Population: 760, 084
• Area: 3, 080 Km2
• Local Governments: 23
• The people: multi-ethnic/multi-religious
• Environmental Assets: Human diversity n
Heritage, Biodiversity, arable soil, rivers n lakes,
beautiful landscapes etc
• Environmental challenges: urbanization, waste
management, pollution, loss of soil fertility n
communal conflicts, public health n sanitation etc
Kaduna metropolis – facts n figures
 Kaduna is an evolving city
 Rapid urbanization
 Waste contractors have no technical
background in WMS
 N 110 million/monthly on WMS
 Inadequate waste management (WM)
infrastructure
 No formal policy on sustainable WM
 The need for Sustainability in WM
 Waste could be a resource
Kaduna Metropolis, the current strategy
• Waste collected by contractors or the
informal sector
• 49 waste contractors as @ 2011
• Collection by contractors is free
• Informal sector abound but charge a fee
• Waste dumps too far
• Illegal waste dumps used for disposal
• Resource recovery by informal sector
• Little cost/resource recovery activities
Categories of Informal sector in
Kaduna Metropolis
• Door-to-door waste collectors (barrow
boys)
• Street waste pickers (women, almajiri)
• Itinerant waste buyers (collect sorted
wasted for cash or barter)
• Scavengers – recover end-of-waste
resources for recycling
Recyclables
Recyclables
Solid waste Value chains – the evolutionary
trend
Plastics
• Status - Currently active
• Value chain actors: street sweepers,
scavengers → middlemen/ converters →
plastic manufacturers
• Price/ value is demand driven
• Current prices
N20/ kg for lowden
N40/kg for Highden (US$1=N155)
Plastic conversion
Solid waste Value chains – the
evolutionary trend
Scrap metal
• Status – currently active
• Value chain actors – scavengers, itinerant buyers
→middlemen/ converters→ steel rolling mills
• Price is quality, quantity and demand driven
N20/kg for iron/steel
N600/kg for copper
N100/kg for aluminium
N150/kg for lead
Scrap Metal Conversion
Lead conversion
Solid waste Value chains – the
evolutionary trend
Organic matter
• Status – passive
• Value chain actors - value-pickers/ scavengers,
compost plant operators and waste contractors
• Value chain Components – food waste, green
waste and Biowaste
• No value
• No price
Dynamics of solid waste value chains in Kaduna metropolis
Iron & Steel
Lead
METALS

Ingots
Sheets
Billets

Brass
Copper
Aluminium
LDPE
PET
PVC

Co-mingled
waste

Sorted
Waste

NON METALS

Plastics

PP

Pelletized raw mats

PS
HDPE

Food waste
ORGANIC

Waste stream

Value addition (sorting/ partial processing)

Green waste
Bio-waste

ion )
dit ring
ad u
Waste resources alue fact
V anu
(M

Biogas
Compost

Waste products
Conclusions and Recommendations
• Plastics, scrap metals and organic waste are
potential viable value chains in Kaduna
• Plastics and scrap metals are currently
active while organic waste is inactive
• Government intervention is critical in
stability of plastics and scrap metals
• Anaerobic digesters and composting plants
are required for activation of the organic
waste value chain
Thanks for Listening

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The Evolution of Value Chains and Recycling Opportunities in the Informal Management of Municipal Solid Waste in Kaduna Metropolis, Nigeria

  • 1. The Evolution of Value Chains and Recycling Opportunities in the Informal Management of Municipal Solid Waste of Kaduna Metropolis, Nigeria By Abdullahi Yusuf Rigasa -KASU, Nigeria Badamasi, Abdul Gambo – Kadpoly, Nigeria Abdulkarim, Bala Isah - UniAbuja, Nigeria
  • 2. Outline • Background • Aim and objectives • Methodology • Kaduna metropolis • The informal sector • Waste Management Services in Kaduna Metropolis • Solid waste Value chains – the evolutionary trend • Solid Waste Value Chain Management - Proposed Strategy • Conclusion and Recommendation
  • 3. Kaduna Metropolis – background • Location: 100 31" 23' N; 70 26" 25‘ E • Population: 760, 084 • Area: 3, 080 Km2 • Local Governments: 23 • The people: multi-ethnic/multi-religious • Environmental Assets: Human diversity n Heritage, Biodiversity, arable soil, rivers n lakes, beautiful landscapes etc • Environmental challenges: urbanization, waste management, pollution, loss of soil fertility n communal conflicts, public health n sanitation etc
  • 4. Kaduna metropolis – facts n figures  Kaduna is an evolving city  Rapid urbanization  Waste contractors have no technical background in WMS  N 110 million/monthly on WMS  Inadequate waste management (WM) infrastructure  No formal policy on sustainable WM  The need for Sustainability in WM  Waste could be a resource
  • 5. Kaduna Metropolis, the current strategy • Waste collected by contractors or the informal sector • 49 waste contractors as @ 2011 • Collection by contractors is free • Informal sector abound but charge a fee • Waste dumps too far • Illegal waste dumps used for disposal • Resource recovery by informal sector • Little cost/resource recovery activities
  • 6. Categories of Informal sector in Kaduna Metropolis • Door-to-door waste collectors (barrow boys) • Street waste pickers (women, almajiri) • Itinerant waste buyers (collect sorted wasted for cash or barter) • Scavengers – recover end-of-waste resources for recycling
  • 9. Solid waste Value chains – the evolutionary trend Plastics • Status - Currently active • Value chain actors: street sweepers, scavengers → middlemen/ converters → plastic manufacturers • Price/ value is demand driven • Current prices N20/ kg for lowden N40/kg for Highden (US$1=N155)
  • 11. Solid waste Value chains – the evolutionary trend Scrap metal • Status – currently active • Value chain actors – scavengers, itinerant buyers →middlemen/ converters→ steel rolling mills • Price is quality, quantity and demand driven N20/kg for iron/steel N600/kg for copper N100/kg for aluminium N150/kg for lead
  • 14. Solid waste Value chains – the evolutionary trend Organic matter • Status – passive • Value chain actors - value-pickers/ scavengers, compost plant operators and waste contractors • Value chain Components – food waste, green waste and Biowaste • No value • No price
  • 15. Dynamics of solid waste value chains in Kaduna metropolis Iron & Steel Lead METALS Ingots Sheets Billets Brass Copper Aluminium LDPE PET PVC Co-mingled waste Sorted Waste NON METALS Plastics PP Pelletized raw mats PS HDPE Food waste ORGANIC Waste stream Value addition (sorting/ partial processing) Green waste Bio-waste ion ) dit ring ad u Waste resources alue fact V anu (M Biogas Compost Waste products
  • 16. Conclusions and Recommendations • Plastics, scrap metals and organic waste are potential viable value chains in Kaduna • Plastics and scrap metals are currently active while organic waste is inactive • Government intervention is critical in stability of plastics and scrap metals • Anaerobic digesters and composting plants are required for activation of the organic waste value chain