1. IT 01203 Technopreneurship yuszren@gmail.com

2. Technology Description (format)-1 week Focus on your core technology What makes your product or services work. Key components needed specialized knowledge (experience and skills involved and regulations that may govern the use of the technology to deliver the product/service) R&D plan in the near future/trend (how, how much?)

3. Current trends of IT in 2009 Malaysian RMK-9 (refer on my take of What’s Hot 2009) 1.Information Security 2.E-Commerce 3.E-Learning 4. Development of Application & Content 5.Open Source

4. De-mystifying tools/technology/software you are using True that some are reliable/superior than others What matters is the real execution of the task Basically – if it works for you than use it. Ruby on Rails

5. Software architecture

6. Tire swing analogy on application development

8. Application Architecture is commonly used for the internal structure of an application, for its software modularization. Applications Architecture is the science and art of ensuring the suite of applications being used by an organization to create the composite application is scalable, reliable, available and manageable.

9. One not only needs to understand and manage the dynamics of the functionalities the composite application is implementing but also help formulate the deployment strategy and keep an eye out for technological risks that could jeopardize the growth and/or operations of the organization.

11. Front-end- the interface, the all things are nice and beautiful Back-end-database, application, the ugly side, complex

12. Technology Valuation Analysis What will be the value of your technopreneurship. The fruits of your labor are for : consumption of the society at large will need to be committed to 3rd parties in some form or other usually through some kind of technology licensing arrangements via partnerships,teaming arrangements or outright sales and purchase.

13. Types of Licensed Rights in Technology Business Transactions – outright sales and assignments Product Licensing - duplication the making of some device, system or service that has already been completed and proven by the seller. Technology Rights -is used to designate transactions for pre-commercial designs and data

14. Sellers and Buyers in Technology Licensing Transactions – TRADE The license is the contract between the Seller and Buyer – this conveys technology rights from the seller to the buyer 4 Distinct Aspects TR – Technology Rights R – Risk involved in the transaction A – Art of DealMaking DE – Deal Economics

15. What Accompanies The Deal Separate purchase agreements Employee agreements Services/consulting agreement Supply agreement -Non-disclosure agreement Equity Participation – could have incorporation and shareholder issues

16. Technology Rights come in 3 forms of IP (i)Patents (ii)Trade Secrets (iii) Copyrights Major Areas of Uncertainty: Assumption of IP protection Strength and breadth is uncertain Interpretation of claim language Validity of patent Different countries interpretation How secret is trade secret Risk of disclosure precludes protection IP protection is necessary but insufficient condition for value

17. Why is Technology Licensing Important What is R & D money buying, how do you justify the investment ? How about return to shareholders? Substantial portions of R&D has to be used thru partnership, teaming, merger, acquisitions and other relationships Involves technology being licensed, transferred, committed to 3rd party Product of R&D ==== Patent data in US in 2001 350K patents submitted, 170K granted

18. Technology Licensing Issues - 1 Basic Principle in Technology Valuation - Forecast the future value of operating profits and cashflow. When there is a history of sales , costs, and profitability the future becomes more predictable. Is the past a harbinger of the future forecast the future value of operating profits/cashflows due diligence – confirm historic data , test hypothesis Absence of data prevents the rigid mindset that the future can be determined by the past

19. Technology Licensing Issues - 2 your track record is in front of you forecast with no data in a sense is easier as start from scratch no baggage from the past prevents rigid mindset, paralyzing inertia wireless, biotech and ecommerce come with no track record possible opportunities for failure/great success & progress

20. The Greatest Tech Story – The Internet Revolution “ Larry Roberts – Internet Pioneer Familiarity and Repetition creates assumptions about what is and is not possible Assumptions from History Automatically Do Not Become Facts ( .. they become superstition)

21. Six Situations of Technology Licensing Enforcement Licensing Opportunity Licensing Opportunistic Licensing Divestiture Licensing Partnership Licensing Startup Licensing

22. Pricing & Valuation Valuation is the direct output of valuation tools & methods Pricing is the internal & external communication of perceived value valuation is an opinion , pricing is an offer pricing leads to negotiation, agreement and commitment seller can establish lower price for quicker deal no time – fire sale lot of time, due diligence, marketing effort technology ages like apple not fine wine playing hard to get is a risky strategy pricing – is a strategic issue valuation – determines assets intrinsic value The Price – Arthur Miller play - The Price is nothing but a Viewpoint

26. Can pay more than what valuation indicates

27. Higher price to pay is still better than incurring startup costs

28. Degree of Control

29. Minority interests are difficult to sell

30. There is a premium to be made for majority control

31. Leveraged Buyout (LBO)

33. Right now it is not profitable but with your expertise, you expect it to generate RM380K net cash flow over 5 years and have a networth of RM400k at end of year 5.

34. Assume the acquisition is in 31st Dec 2007, you expect a return of 24% and the projected annual cashflow is as below: 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Net CashFlow RM0K RM40K RM80K RM110K RM150K Hint: Use Discounted Cash Flow for rate of Return of 24% ( Yr 1=0.806, Yr 2 = 0.650, Yr 3 = 0.524, Yr 4= 0.423, Yr 5= 0.341)