This document summarizes three major theoretical perspectives on deviance: functionalist, Marxist, and symbolic interactionist. It discusses key ideas and theorists within each perspective. The functionalist perspective views deviance as a normal reaction to social structure, examining theories of anomie and status frustration. The Marxist perspective sees deviance as socially constructed to protect ruling class interests. Critical theories analyze how law criminalizes the powerless. Finally, the symbolic interactionist perspective emphasizes how social reactions and labeling shape perceptions of deviance, discussed through labeling theory and the concepts of primary and secondary deviation.
