2. Time Individual
or group
Pla
n
Orga
nize
Lea
d
Contr
ol
Contribution to Management
5000 B.C. Sumerians √ Record Keeping
4000-
2000B.C.
Egyptians √ √ √ Recognized the need for.. Submitted request
in writing. Decisions after consultation
1800 B.C. Hammurabi √ Control using witnesses. Writing
transactions
600 B.C. Nebuchadne
zzar
√ √ Wage incentives and production control
500 B.C. Sun Tzu √ √ Strategy; identifying and attacking
opponents weaknesses
400 B.C. Xenophon √ √ √ √ Recognized Management as a separate art
400 B.C. Cyrus √ √ √ Human Relations and motion study
175 Cato √ Job descriptions
284 Diocletian √ Delegation of Authority
900 Alfarabi √ Listed leadership traits
1100 Ghazali √ Listed managerial traits
1418 Barbarigo √ Different organizational forms
1436 Venetians √ Numbering, standardization,
interchangeability of parts
1500 Sir Thomas √ Critical of poor management and leadership
1525 Maciavelli √ √ Cohesiveness, power, leadership in orgs.

3. • Frederck Taylor
• The Gilbreths
• Henry Gantt
• Max Weber
• Henri Foyal
Industrial Revolution 1750-1900

4. Father of Scientific Management
Worker at Midvale Steel
Company
Chief Engineer
Soldering (deliberately
slow output)
Rate Buster (Work pace
is faster than normal)
Fair Day’s work
Frederick W Taylor
(1856 - 1915)

5. Taylorism
Develop a science of each work element. Give
rest breaks
Scientifically select, train, teach, and develop
workers
Cooperate with employees to implement
scientific method
Divide the work and responsibility equally
between management and workers

6. Motion Studies
Apprentice brick layer
Employment of
handicapped workers
and industrial
psychology
Motion studies
Frank and Lillian Gilbreth
(1868-1924) (1878-1972)

7. The Gilbreths
Motion Studies
Brick laying motions
Eliminated unnecessary
motions
Raised productivity form 120-
350 bricks/h
Breakdown Work
 Easy
 Safe
“The greatest waste in the
world comes from needless
ill directed and ineffective
motions”
Used motion picture films
Productivity increased
from 25 – 300%
Surgical procedures for
finding instruments still in
use today

8. The Gilbreths
World war I, 13 million wounded/handicapped
1918 Vocational Rehabilitation Act passed
Designed machines for handicapped workers
Lillian was concerned with human side of work
 Industrial psychology
 Office communication
 Incentive programs
 Job satisfaction
 Management training
 Laws
 Work place safety
 Ergonomics
 Child Labor

9. Henry Gantt
Protégé and associate
of Taylor
Gantt Charts
Pay for performance
plans (productivity
doubled)
Supervisors and
workers rewarded for
trainingHenry Gantt
(1861-1919)

10. Gantt Charts
“They show at a glance where the delays occur and indicate what
must have out attention in order to keep up the proper output”

11. Assembly Line
Chief engineer
CEO of Ford
Assembly line
Mass Production
Henri Ford
(1863-1947)

12. Assembly Line
Conveyer belt
Workers remained in
place
Precision
manufacturing
Standardized and
interchangeable parts
Car assembly time
form 12.5 man hours to
93 mins.

13. Bureaucratic Management
German Sociologist
Against monarchal
and patriarchic rule
Bureaucracy- desk
rule
 Knowledge
 Expertise
 Experience
Max Weber
(1864-1920)

14. Bureaucratic Management
Promotion based on
merit
Clarified chain of
command (who reports
to whom)
Grievance procedure
Division of Labor
Impartial application of
rules
Recorded in writing
Managers separate from
owners

15. Administrative Management
French mining Engineer
CEO of a steel company
Kept log of
increased/decreased
productivity
Hired to shut the
company down
Henri Fayol
(1841-1925)
“The success of an enterprise generally depends
much more on the administrative ability of its
leaders than on their technical ability”

16. Administrative Management
Determining
organizational goals and
means of achieving them
Deciding where decisions
will be made
Who will do what jobs and
who will work for whom
Leading inspiring and
motivation
Controlling, monitoring
progress toward goal
achievement

17. Integration of 5P’s with Foyal
Management should be
taught to others, as
managers are not born
but can be made.

18. • Mary Parker Folletts
• Elton Mayo
• Hawthorne Studies
• Chester Bernard

19. Constructive Conflict and
Coordination
Social worker with a degree
in political science
Domination
Compromise
Integrative conflict
Resolution
Role of Coordination in
organizations
 Interrelated
 Direct
 Early stages
 Continuing process
Mary Parker Follett’s
(1868 - 1933)
“The appearance of difference, difference of
opinions ,of interests. Conflict means-difference and
difference is everywhere thus we cannot avoid it and
should use it to work for us”

20. Hawthorne Studies
Australian born famous
for Hawthorne studies
at Western Electric
Company
1919 more than 4 million
Americans went on
strike
1935 National Labor Act
Hawthorne Effect:
 More attention paid
 Group consulted
 Social units formedElton Mayo
(1880-1948)

21. Cooperation and Acceptance of
Authority
Engineer at AT&T
General manger at
Pennsylvania Bell
Telephone
Defines Organization
Executive functions
 Securing essential services
 Organizational purpose
 System of CommunicationChester Bernard
(1886-1961)

22. End Word
Taylor shop floor up
Henri Fayol Board of directors down
Compare our first table which dates in BC to out
125 year old management evolution
Need is the mother of invention
Contingency approach
If your name is Henri it increase your probability
of coming up with some thing new in
management science. 

23. Vocabulary
KPI’s
Models
Integrative conflict Resolution
Assignment
Understanding of the evolution of
management starting from as far as
possible (ancient times) is must for
developing new thoughts, processes,
models etc to make the business of today