2. GIS Architecture Evolution

3. File Application Output Traditional File System Student Course Faculty Student Scheduling Payroll Individual Student Class Lists Pay Checks

4. Database Application Output DBMS Student Data Course Data Faculty Data Student Scheduling Payroll Individual Student Class Lists Pay Checks DBMS Online User

5. “ A store of large amount of information especially in a form that can be handled by computer. OR “ The collection of data usually referred to as the database, contain information about particular enterprise.” Database

6. “ A shared collection of logically related data designed to meet the information of the multiple users in an organization.” OR “ A database consist of some collection of Persistent data that are used by the application program of some given enterprise.” Database

8. “ All access to database is controlled by sophisticated software package called the DBMS.” OR “ A database management system provides a centralized control of its operational data.” Database Management System

9. Application Program DBMS Operating System Database

10. Database DBMS On-line Queries Prewritten Programs Programs in Various Languages App Prg DBA Commands for Database End User Native Casual

12. In a 1985 article, Codd published rules or principles that a DBMS must use to be considered “fully relational” Continue Criteria for a RDBMS

13. The relational database model is made up of many tables, called RELATIONS , in which related data elements are stored. The data elements are in rows , called TUPLES and columns, called ATTRIBUTES . Terminology's Related to RDBMS

14. The main objective of the relational database model is to allow complex logical relationships between records to be expressed in a simple fashion. Main Objective

15. There is no standard definition of what capabilities or attributes define either an Extended Relational Database Management System or an Object-Relational Database Management System (ORDBMS). Here, both are referred to as "Extended Relational." EXTENDED RDBMS

16. ERDBMSs have characteristics of both an RDBMS and an ODBMS (thus, the loose application of the ORDBMS label). ERDBMS products provide a relational data model and query language that have been extended to include many of the features that are typical of ODBMSs. OVERVIEW OF EXTENDED RDBMS

17. Extending the query language allows for the integration of well-understood query optimization techniques. Typically, programming capabilities are embedded in the query language. This capability is not to be confused with stored procedures that are provided by a number of relational vendors. With the ERDBMSs, programmers are able to write functions in conventional languages as well as in SQL. These functions can then be embedded in standard SQL statements in exactly the same manner as a DBMS vendor function (e.g., the Sybase getdate() function). FEATURE OF EXTENDED RDBMS

27. THANKS