1. REPRODUCTION,
DEVELOPMENT AND GROWTH
CHAPTER 10

2. Learning Outcomes
 Describe the structure of female
reproductive system
 Outline Oogenesis

3. The Human Female Reproductive
System
Female reproductive
system
Ovaries
Produce ovum and
sex hormone
FallopianTubes
Conduct egg, site of
fertilization
Uterus
Houses developing
embryo and foetus
Vagina
Serves as birth canal
and receives penis
during copulation

4. fimbriae

5. Oogenesis
 WHAT IS OOGENESIS?
 Oogenesis is the formation of ovum or egg,
starts in the ovaries of the foetus before birth.

6. How Oogenesis Occur
 There are 5 stages of oogenesis process
1. The germinal epithelial cells divide repeatedly
until many diploid oogonia are formed.
2. The oogonia grow to form primary oocytes
that surrounded by a layer of follicle cells.
3. The oocytes undergoes the first meiotic
division to become a secondary oocyte and a
first polar body (haploid).
4. The follicle cells surrounding the primary focille
develop into the secondary follicle –The follicle
layer of the secondary oocyte thickens and
folds to form the Graafian follicle . -When the
Graafian follicle become matures, it will move
towards the surface of the ovary wall and
rupture to release the secondary oocyte(n).
5. The secondary oocytes that has complete
meiosis II when it is fertilized by a sperm(n).
The final product of meiosis II is the ovum and
the second polar body.

7. Ovaries
•Found one on each side of the upper pelvic cavity
•Produce one secondary oocyte each month
• Oocyte : a female gametocyte that develops
into an ovum after two meiotic divisions
•Produce oestrogen and progesterone
• Oestrogen : Promote development and
maintenance of female secondary sexual
characteristics and growth and function of
ovaries
•Progesterone : Control menstrual cycle and
pregnancy
Ovary

8. Fallopian Tube (Oviduct)
Fallopian
tube
• Extend from ovaries to uterus but not attach to
ovaries
• Have fingerlike projections called fimbriae which
sweep over ovaries
• During ovulation, secondary oocyte is release from
ovary, it is swept into fallopian tube by action of
fimbriae and the beating of cilia
• If fertilisation occur, it takes place in the fallopian
tubes
Fimbriae

9. Uterus
Uterus
Cervix
• Pear-shaped muscular organ in the upper female
reproductive tract.
•The fundus is the upper portion of the uterus where
pregnancy occurs
•The cervix is the lower portion of the uterus that
connects with the vagina and serves as a sphincter to
keep the uterus closed during pregnancy until it is
time to deliver a baby.
•The main body consists of a firm outer coat of
muscle (myometrium) and an inner lining of vascular,
glandular material (endometrium).
•The endometrium thickens during the menstrual
cycle to allow implantation of a fertilized egg.
Pregnancy occurs when the fertilized egg implants
successfully into the endometrial lining. If fertilization
does not occur, the endometrium sloughs off and is
expelled as menstrual flow.
Fundus
Endometrial
lining
Myometrium

10. Vagina
Vagina
•Vagin = Sheath
• A muscular, ridged sheath connecting the external
genitals to the uterus.
• Functions as a two-way street, accepting the penis and
sperm during intercourse and roughly nine months
later, serving as the avenue of birth through which the
new baby enters the world