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Similaire à R frank jones assessing the african american urology experience during training-aua 2013 san diego
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R frank jones assessing the african american urology experience during training-aua 2013 san diego
- 1. R. Frank Jones Urologic Society AUA Meeting May 5, 2013 San Diego, CA
- 3. Richard Francis Jones, MD The First African-American Diplomate of the American Board of Urology - 1936
- 4. Outline • History Lane – Milestones – African Americans in Medicine – Howard Surgical Legacy • A.A. Experience during urologic training – Diversity in Medicine – Outside of Urology – Diversity in the field of Urology • Urologic “Pipeline” steps to insure African Americans at the forefront of urologic patient care
- 5. Milestones – Diversifying Medicine • 1837 – James Smith- 1st African American to receive the MD Degree – University of Glasgow in Scotland • 1847 – 40 medical schools in the U.S.A. – David Jones Peck – 1st African American to graduate from an American medical school – Rush Medical School in Chicago • 1864 – The 1st African American woman physician graduated from New England Female Medical College (now Boston University School of Medicine)
- 6. HUCM - Surgical Legacy • Howard University Surgery Residency Program • Early 1900s – achievement of board certification, became one of the program’s standards of excellence • Five of the first African Americans to receive board certification in a surgical specialty were Howard Faculty Members
- 7. African American Surgeons Pioneers - Board Certification • R Frank Jones MD Urology 1936 • J Richard Laurey MD – Thoracic Surgery 1949 • Robert Gladden MD – Orthopedic Surgery 1949 • Clarence S. Greene Sr. – Neurological Surgery 1953 • Samuel Rosser MD – Pediatric Surgery, 1975
- 8. Assessing the African American Urology Experience During Training Tracy M. Downs MD FACS Associate Professor
- 9. Introduction • RFJUS – is the society of African American Urologists in North America • Members have diverse backgrounds of urologic training • Other surgical specialties have documented the experience of Race, Ethnicity and Gender – Orthopaedic Surgery – Vascular Surgery – General Surgery • No formal analysis for the field of Urology
- 10. Diversity – Urologic Surgery • Primary Objective – Evaluate the extent of diversity and perceived barriers to multicultural training in American urology programs • Methods – 25 question nonvalidated diversity questionnaire was distributed to 112 American Urology residency program directors • Results – 62 (55%) program directors responded Vemulakonda, Sorensen and Joyner BD et al. J Urol 2008;180:668-672.
- 11. Diversity – Urologic Surgery • Results – 62 (55%) program directors responded – Respondents: 92% Male, 90% > 40 y.o. – As Faculty members • 40% No female colleagues • 49% No colleagues of color • 75% No formal process to recruit faculty of color – Current resident training • 36% 1 or fewer female residents • 66% at least 1 black resident • 42% at least 1 Hispanic resident Vemulakonda, Sorensen and Joyner BD et al. J Urol 2008;180:668-672.
- 12. Diversity – Urologic Surgery • Results Vemulakonda, Sorensen and Joyner BD et al. J Urol 2008;180:668-672.
- 13. Diversity – Orthopaedic Surgery • Primary Objective – Diversity in the field of orthopaedics vs other surgical and nonsurgical fields • Variables - Race, Ethnicity and Gender • Residents and Faculty Data – 2007 JAMA Education Supplements – 2007 AAMC Faculty Roster • Residency applicants Data – 2007 Electronic Residency Application Service (ERAS) Day CS et al. The Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery 2010;92(13):2328-2335
- 14. Diversity – Orthopaedic Surgery • Primary Objective – Diversity in the field of orthopaedics vs other surgical and nonsurgical fields • Variables - Race, Ethnicity and Gender • Residents and Faculty Data – 2007 JAMA Education Supplements – 2007 AAMC Faculty Roster • Residency applicants Data – 2007 Electronic Residency Application Service (ERAS) Day CS et al. The Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery 2010;92(13):2328-2335
- 15. Orthopaedic Surgery Residency Applicant Pool vs Resident Workforce
- 16. Surgical and Medical Specialties Race/Ethnicity - Resident Workforce
- 17. Surgical and Medical Specialties Gender - Resident Workforce
- 18. Surgical and Medical Specialties Race/Ethnicity - Faculty Workforce
- 19. Surgical and Medical Specialties Gender - Faculty Workforce
- 20. Diversity – Radiation Oncology Physican Workforce
- 21. Diversity – Radiation Oncology Physician Workforce
- 22. Radiation Oncology – Residents in Training Race/Ethnicity and Gender 2003 - 2011
- 23. Radiation Oncology – Residents in Training Race/Ethnicity and Gender 2003 - 2011 GU PEDS RadOnc Start Medical School A R F
- 24. Radiation Oncology – Residents in Training Race/Ethnicity and Gender 2003 - 2011 GU RadOnc PEDS Start Medical School
- 25. Urology Residency Applicants ERAS 2011 • Total applicants 431 By Gender • Male 325 • Female 106 By Race • White 242 • Black 31 ERAS 2012 • Total applicants 507 By Gender • Male 385 • Female 122 By Race • White 291 • Black 39 `Number of Black Applicants by Year 2008 – 2012: (Range : 31-39)
- 26. Assessing the African American Urology Experience During Training Tracy M. Downs MD FACS Associate Professor
- 27. African American Experience Urologic Residency • Electronic survey mailed to RFJUS members – November 2012 – Emailed to 61 RFJUS Members – Response rate 36% – 10 questions (Survey) • Respondents (N = 22) – 77% Male 23% Female
- 28. Medical Schools Attended – RFJUS • U. Michigan (2) • U. Pittsburgh • Morehouse • Temple • UCSD (2) • Yale • Stanford • Howard • U Minnesota • U. Kanasas • U. Miami • Cornell • Albany Medical College • Meharry (2) • Northwestern • Johns Hopkins (3) • Columbia
- 29. Urology Training Programs– RFJUS • U. Michigan (4) • Emory University • Henry Ford • UT Southwestern • VCU (Virginia) • SUNY Buffalo (2) • Albert Einstein/Montefiore • Columbia (2) • Harvard (BWH) • U. Kanasas • Medical College of Wisconsin • NYU • Johns Hopkins • UCSF • United States Navy • UT Houston • Eastern Virginia
- 30. African American Experience Urologic Residency RESPONDENTS: 22 of 22RESPONDENTS: 22 of 22 Need to use the classic Analyze tool? Switch back Analyze ResultsCollect ResponsesDesign Survey Export AllExport All 0% 0 4.55% 1 22.73% 5 31.82% 7 40.91% 9 PAGE 1 Q1Q1 How many years have you been in practice following residency or fellowship? Answered: 22 Skipped: 0 2-5 years 5-10 years 10-20 years > 20 years 0-2 years0-2 years 2-5 years2-5 years 5-10 years5-10 years 10-20 years10-20 years > 20 years> 20 years TotalTotal 2222 Q2Q2 What is your gender? ExportChart TypeChart Type Display OptionsDisplay Options Answer Choices Responses ExportChart TypeChart Type Display OptionsDisplay Options 22.73% 5 77.27% 17 4.55% 1 81.82% 18 9.09% 2 0% 0 9.09% 2 FemaleFemale MaleMale TotalTotal 2222 Q3Q3 How would you describe your ethnic background? Answered: 22 Skipped: 0 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% African African-Ameri can African-Carib bean African-Europ ean Other (please specify) AfricanAfrican African-AmericanAfrican-American African-CaribbeanAfrican-Caribbean African-EuropeanAfrican-European Other (please specify) Expand Total Respondents:Total Respondents: 2222 Answer Choices Responses ExportChart TypeChart Type Display OptionsDisplay Options Answer Choices Responses
- 31. African American Experience Urologic Residency • Were you the first African-American to complete your residency? 45.5% Yes 54.5% No
- 32. African American Experience Urologic Residency
- 33. African American Experience Urologic Residency
- 34. African American Experience Urologic Residency
- 35. How to improve the “Urologic Pipeline” for African Americans
- 36. Urologic Pipeline for African Americans • Why? • Who? • Where? • How?
- 37. Urologic Pipeline for African Americans • Why? –US Demographics are changing –Reduce Disparities in Health Care
- 38. US Census Bureau Projections Changes in the US Population Race/Ethnicity 2008 and 2050
- 40. Race/Ethnic Composition of Medical School Graduates 2002 - 2012
- 41. Urologic Pipeline for African Americans • Who? –Medical School Applicants –Urologic Personality
- 42. Accepted U.S. Medical Student % by Gender and Race
- 43. U.S. Medical Student Graduates by Gender
- 44. What Traits Make up a Good Urologist?
- 45. Canadian Urologic Association Journal 2011;5(3):182-185 5 Dimensions of Personality were analyzed using the Validated personality inventory – NEO PI-R
- 46. Urologic “Pipeline” Considerations • Gender Gap in undergraduate degree students is Wider for African Americans than Caucasian Americans • Post baccaculaureate degrees “ Pool” of eligible medical school applicants – Whites Women > Men (12.8%) – Blacks Women > Men (31.7%)
- 47. Urologic “Pipeline” Considerations • Estimated by 2020 – 60% of Latino medical school applicants (Females) – 70% of African American medical school applicants (Females) • Recruitment strategies into Future Urology Programs for African Americans will need to account for this Gender gap
- 48. Urologic Pipeline for African Americans • Where? –Undergraduate Strategy –Medical School Strategy
- 49. Undergraduate Institutions Supplying > 200 Applicants to US Medical Schools, 2011
- 50. Undergraduate Institutions Supplying > 20 Black Applicants to US Medical Schools, 2011
- 51. Undergraduate Institutions Supplying > 50 Asian Applicants to US Medical Schools, 2011
- 52. Undergraduate Institutions Supplying > 140 White Applicants to US Medical Schools, 2011
- 53. Undergraduate Institutions > 8 Medical School Graduates in 2011 (Black) • Xavier Univ. 60 • Howard Univ. 32 • U. Florida 26 • Harvard 22 • Duke 20 • Stanford 20 • Spelman 18 • Univ Michigan 18 • Univ. North Carolina 18 • Yale 18 > 20 Medical School Applicants in 2011 (Black) • Howard 87 • Xavier 68 • U. Florida 64 • Spelman 57 • U. Miami 56 • U. Maryland 48 • Hamptom Univ 45 • U South Florida 42 • Florida State Univ. 41 • Cornell Univ. 40
- 54. Journal of Urology 2011;185(2):647-
- 55. Urologic Pipeline for African Americans • How? –Identify model programs to emmulate or create partnerships
- 56. Urologic Pipeline for African Americans
- 57. Current Programs to Improve Diversity in GME • UCSF Graduate Medical Education Diversity Program – Residency Diversity Committee • MGH Multicultural Affairs Office – Started in 1992 – Focus on residency recruitment and pipeline development (i.e. Summer research training program) • Vanderbilt University SOM – Associate Dean for Diversity
- 58. Current Programs to Improve Diversity in Physician Workforce • American Association of Orthopaedics Surgeons • American College of Surgeons • NIH Diversity in Biomedical Research (http://acd.od.nih.gov/dbr.htm) • Robert Wood Johnson • American Gastroenterological Association – NIH R25 Grant to support minority undergraduates and medical students
- 59. Current Programs to Improve Diversity in Physician Workforce • American Association of Orthopaedics Surgeons • American College of Surgeons • NIH Diversity in Biomedical Research (http://acd.od.nih.gov/dbr.htm) • Robert Wood Johnson • American Gastroenterological Association – NIH R25 Grant to support minority undergraduates and medical students
- 60. Diversity
- 61. Conclusion • R. Frank Jones, MD and Howard Department of Surgery have been pivotal in the training of African American Urologic Surgeons • 46% of our members were the first African American in their residency training program • 55% trained with other African-American urology residents during their training • 50% did experience racial challenges as a resident or fellow.
- 62. R. Frank Jones Urologic Society • Intentional undergraduate and medical school strategies will need to be employed to continue to attract African Americans into the field of urology • A Gender gap exists between no. male vs female African American medical students – Needs to be considered in the recruitment of African American Urologists
- 63. RFJUS Members