4. Fig. 22-2 American Revolution French Revolution U.S. Civil War 1900 1850 1800 1750 1795 1809 1798 1830 1831–1836 1837 1859 1837 1844 1858 The Origin of Species is published. Wallace sends his hypothesis to Darwin. Darwin begins his notebooks. Darwin writes essay on descent with modification. Darwin travels around the world on HMS Beagle . Malthus publishes “Essay on the Principle of Population.” Lyell publishes Principles of Geology . Lamarck publishes his hypothesis of evolution. Hutton proposes his theory of gradualism. Linnaeus (classification) Cuvier (fossils, extinction) Malthus (population limits) Lamarck (species can change) Hutton (gradual geologic change) Lyell (modern geology) Darwin (evolution, natural selection) Wallace (evolution, natural selection)
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6. Fig. 22-3 Younger stratum with more recent fossils Layers of deposited sediment Older stratum with older fossils
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11. Fig. 22-5 NORTH AMERICA EUROPE AFRICA AUSTRALIA GREAT BRITAIN SOUTH AMERICA ATLANTIC OCEAN PACIFIC OCEAN Cape of Good Hope Tierra del Fuego Cape Horn Tasmania New Zealand Andes Equator The Galápagos Islands Pinta Marchena Genovesa Santiago Daphne Islands Pinzón Fernandina Isabela San Cristobal Santa Fe Santa Cruz Florenza Española
16. Fig. 22-8 Hyracoidea (Hyraxes) Sirenia (Manatees and relatives) Moeritherium Barytherium Deinotherium Mammut Elephas maximus (Asia) Stegodon Mammuthus Loxodonta africana (Africa) Loxodonta cyclotis (Africa) 0 10 4 2 5.5 24 34 Millions of years ago Years ago Platybelodon
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23. Fig. 22-12 (b) A stick mantid in Africa (a) A flower mantid in Malaysia
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27. Fig. 22-13a Predator: Killifish; preys mainly on juvenile guppies (which do not express the color genes) Guppies: Adult males have brighter colors than those in “pike-cichlid pools” Experimental transplant of guppies Pools with killifish, but no guppies prior to transplant Predator: Pike-cichlid; preys mainly on adult guppies Guppies: Adult males are more drab in color than those in “killifish pools” EXPERIMENT
42. Fig. 22-UN1 Observations Over time, favorable traits accumulate in the population. Inferences and Individuals in a population vary in their heritable characteristics. Organisms produce more offspring than the environment can support. Individuals that are well suited to their environment tend to leave more offspring than other individuals
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Notes de l'éditeur
Figure 22.2 The historical context of Darwin’s life and ideas
Figure 22.3 Formation of sedimentary strata with fossils
Figure 22.5 The voyage of HMS Beagle For the Discovery Video Charles Darwin, go to Animation and Video Files.
Figure 22.6 Beak variation in Gal á pagos finches
Figure 22.8 Descent with modification
Figure 22.12 Camouflage as an example of evolutionary adaptation
Figure 22.13 Can predation result in natural selection for color patterns in guppies?
Figure 22.15 Fossil evidence of evolution in a group of trilobites