1. Imprint, a community visualization
of printer data: designing for
open-ended engagement on sustainability
Zachary Pousman
Hafez Rouzati
John Stasko
Information Interfaces Laboratory
GVU Center / GT School of Interactive Computing
Presented at CSCW 2008 San Diego CA, November 10-12, 2008. All slides are Creative Commons Licensed “non-commercial share-alike.” zach@cc.gatech.edu

2. A confession...
Presented at CSCW 2008 San Diego CA, November 10-12, 2008. All slides are Creative Commons Licensed “non-commercial share-alike.” zach@cc.gatech.edu

3. Imprint
Visualization of workgroup print activity
• Augment the
existing social
space & practices
• Collect data from an
an apparently
mundane source
• Touch-screen
display for casual
exploration
• A community
artifact to support
reflection and
conversation

4. Visualizing data for persuasion
Data for self-improvement
Nike+ (see www.nikeplus.com)
Ubifit Consolvo et al. Persuasive Mirror de Valle and
(CHI 2007, Ubicomp 2008) Opalach (Persuasive 2006)
Presented at CSCW 2008 San Diego CA, November 10-12, 2008. All slides are Creative Commons Licensed “non-commercial share-alike.” zach@cc.gatech.edu

5. Visualizing printing & consumption
Stump (1999) by Jeremijenko
SmartCover Grasso and Munier
(CSCW 2002)
7000 Oaks and Counting Holmes (C&C 2007)
Visualization of carbon footprint of a building
Presented at CSCW 2008 San Diego CA, November 10-12, 2008. All slides are Creative Commons Licensed “non-commercial share-alike.” zach@cc.gatech.edu

6. Design Goals
Presented at CSCW 2008 San Diego CA, November 10-12, 2008. All slides are Creative Commons Licensed “non-commercial share-alike.” zach@cc.gatech.edu

7. NOT Surveillance
Presented at CSCW 2008 San Diego CA, November 10-12, 2008. All slides are Creative Commons Licensed “non-commercial share-alike.” zach@cc.gatech.edu

8. NOT Surveillance
Surveillance literally means
“watching from above”
Sousveillance, coined
by Mann et al. (2003)
means “watching from
below”
Presented at CSCW 2008 San Diego CA, November 10-12, 2008. All slides are Creative Commons Licensed “non-commercial share-alike.” zach@cc.gatech.edu

9. Open to Interpretation
Presented at CSCW 2008 San Diego CA, November 10-12, 2008. All slides are Creative Commons Licensed “non-commercial share-alike.” zach@cc.gatech.edu

10. Open to Interpretation
Environmental degradation
Highest energy inputs
Powersave: 100w @ 22hours = $0.50 / day
Active: 600w @ 2hours = $0.25 / day
Presented at CSCW 2008 San Diego CA, November 10-12, 2008. All slides are Creative Commons Licensed “non-commercial share-alike.” zach@cc.gatech.edu

11. Open to Interpretation
Environmental degradation
Highest energy inputs
Powersave: 100w @ 22hours = $0.50 / day
Active: 600w @ 2hours = $0.25 / day
Presented at CSCW 2008 San Diego CA, November 10-12, 2008. All slides are Creative Commons Licensed “non-commercial share-alike.” zach@cc.gatech.edu

12. Open to Interpretation
Environmental degradation
Highest energy inputs
Powersave: 100w @ 22hours = $0.50 / day
Active: 600w @ 2hours = $0.25 / day
?
Presented at CSCW 2008 San Diego CA, November 10-12, 2008. All slides are Creative Commons Licensed “non-commercial share-alike.” zach@cc.gatech.edu

13. Meta-design
Participatory change through the design/use cycle
Fischer and Scharff (2000)
Fischer and Giaccardi (2006)
‘Design time’ ‘Use time’ (design during use) ‘Design time’ iteration
Seeding Evolutionary growth Re-seeding
Participatory Design
(Scandinavian Tradition, 1960s)
Meta-Design (Design for design)

14. Imprint Visualizations
Remember these are the “seeds”
Presented at CSCW 2008 San Diego CA, November 10-12, 2008. All slides are Creative Commons Licensed “non-commercial share-alike.” zach@cc.gatech.edu

15. Tag Cloud
Tagcloud
Frequently printed words are bigger. Orange words are recent.
abowd chi conclusion
chi2008 computing cscw
hci paper
design grand hypothesis hyper-
hypertext
explanation introduction
next rule learn learning
system interaction science
template work
would ubiquitous
Presented at CSCW 2008 San Diego CA, November 10-12, 2008. All slides are Creative Commons Licensed “non-commercial share-alike.” zach@cc.gatech.edu

16. Tag Cloud
Print More Info
Tagcloud
Frequently printed words are bigger. Orange words are recent.
abowd chi conclusion
chi2008 computing cscw
hci paper
design grand hypothesis hyper-
hypertext
explanation introduction
Back next rule learn learning Next
system interaction science
template work
would ubiquitous
5/8/2008 TODAY
Presented at CSCW 2008 San Diego CA, November 10-12, 2008. All slides are Creative Commons Licensed “non-commercial share-alike.” zach@cc.gatech.edu

17. Neighborhood
What’s Ur Neighborhood?
Clustering users in document space: who’s your neighbor?
B. Frank User19
C. Paulson
T. Pescovitz
B. Franklin
T. Pescovitz
K. Bohn
User21
User99
Y. Liu
Back H. Stockton Next
R. MacDonald
R. Grijalva
H. Jenson
5/8/2008 TODAY
Presented at CSCW 2008 San Diego CA, November 10-12, 2008. All slides are Creative Commons Licensed “non-commercial share-alike.” zach@cc.gatech.edu

18. Printing Costs (Active vs Idle)
What are the printers doing?
How much do printers cost to operate? (Totals of all printers)
Back Next
5/8/2008 TODAY
Presented at CSCW 2008 San Diego CA, November 10-12, 2008. All slides are Creative Commons Licensed “non-commercial share-alike.” zach@cc.gatech.edu

19. Imprint’s Footprint
Imprint’s Footprint
How much energy does Imprint use? How much does it cost?
WORK vs PLAY
Total cost (all time)
Back $83.15 Next
LCD Screen + Touch Client (G4 Powerbook) Server (Dual G4)
$42.07 $2.90 $38.18
5/8/2008 TODAY
Presented at CSCW 2008 San Diego CA, November 10-12, 2008. All slides are Creative Commons Licensed “non-commercial share-alike.” zach@cc.gatech.edu

20. Popularity (‘Hot or Not’)
Popularity (Hot or not)
How many times are you mentioned in the Imprint data?
100
80
Not part of Imprint yet?
60 No problem. Sign
up by emailing:
xxxxxxxxx@xxxxx.edu.
40 Then you can see how
you stack up (and see
Back other fun stuff, too). Next
20
0
Z. Pousman F. Jones T. Greene User19 User46 R. Redmond P. Grijalva
5/8/2008 TODAY

21. Some other social data
• ‘Work’ vs ‘Play’
• ‘Designer’ vs ‘Engineer’ (vs ‘Scientist’)
Presented at CSCW 2008 San Diego CA, November 10-12, 2008. All slides are Creative Commons Licensed “non-commercial share-alike.” zach@cc.gatech.edu

22. User Suggested Vis
Back
5/8/2008
? TODAY
Next
Presented at CSCW 2008 San Diego CA, November 10-12, 2008. All slides are Creative Commons Licensed “non-commercial share-alike.” zach@cc.gatech.edu

23. Next step - Evaluation
Presented at CSCW 2008 San Diego CA, November 10-12, 2008. All slides are Creative Commons Licensed “non-commercial share-alike.” zach@cc.gatech.edu

24. Thanks! Questions?
Acknowledgements: GVU Center, GT’s UROC program,
Randy Carpenter and Tim Robichaud, Dr. Amip Shah at
HP Labs, my colleagues at II Lab and RPI Decolab for
comments on early versions of the talk.
Demo tonight at 7:30 PM.
zach@cc.gatech.edu
Presented at CSCW 2008 San Diego CA, November 10-12, 2008. All slides are Creative Commons Licensed “non-commercial share-alike.” zach@cc.gatech.edu

25. People print.
A lot.
3.2 billion reams (2004).
Office paper used by businesses. NADEP Environmental
Program Office Report 2005.
http://www.flickr.com/photos/alexsegre/
Presented at CSCW 2008 San Diego CA, November 10-12, 2008. All slides are Creative Commons Licensed “non-commercial share-alike.” zach@cc.gatech.edu

26. Paperless office? Shyeah, right.
How do you turn 100 GB of
printer data into a resource
for reflection on the social
lives of workers and on their
sustainability choices?
Imprint.
Tagcloud
Frequently printed words are bigger. Orange words are recent.
abowd chi conclusion
chi2008 computing cscw
hci paper
Popularity (Hot or not)
design grand
What’s Ur Neighborhood?
Clustering users in document space: who’s your neighbor? hypothesis hyper-
hypertext
How many times are you mentioned in the Imprint data?
100
C. Paulson
B. Frank User19 explanation introduction 80
Not part of Imprin
T. Pescovitz
next
B. Franklin 60
learning
No problem. Sign
T. Pescovitz
K. Bohn up by emailing:
User21
User99 rule learn xxxxxxxxx@xxxxx.e
system
Total cost (all time) 40 Then you can see
Y. Liu
you stack up (and
$83.15 H. Stockton
work
other fun stuff, to
R. MacDonald interaction science 20
R. Grijalva
template
H. Jenson
would ubiquitous 0
Z. Pousman F. Jones T. Greene User19 User46 R. Redmond P. Grijalva
Coming soon to a printer room near you!