1. FP304 –
DATABASE
SYSTEM
CHAPTER 1 –
FUNDAMENTALS OF
DATABASE MANAGEMENT
SYSTEM

2. CHAPTER 1 – FUNDAMENTALS OF DBMS
WHAT IS DBMS?

A very large integrated collection of data.

Models real-world enterprise.



Entities (e.g., students, courses)
Relationships (e.g.,Madonna is
t a k i n g FP304 )
A Database Management System is a
software package designed to store and
manage database

3. CHAPTER 1 – FUNDAMENTALS OF DBMS
WHY USE A DBMS?
 Data
independence and efficient access
 Reduced
 Data
application development time
integrity and security
 Unifrom
data administration
 Concurrent
access recovery from crashers

4. CHAPTER 1 – FUNDAMENTALS OF DBMS
WHY STUDY DATABASES?
 Shift
from computation to information

at the “low end”: scramble to webspace (a mess!)

at the :high end”: scientific applications
 Datasets
increasing in diversity and volume

Digital libraries, interactive video

... Nned for DBMS exploding

5. CHAPTER 1 – FUNDAMENTALS OF DBMS
FILES VS. DATABASES

6. CHAPTER 1 – FUNDAMENTALS OF DBMS
ADVANTAGES OF DBMS
 Control
 Data
of data redundancy
consistency
 Sharing
of data
 Improved
security
 Improved
backup and recovery services

7. CHAPTER 1 – FUNDAMENTALS OF DBMS
DISADVANTAGES OF DBMS
 Complexity
 Size
 Cost
of DBMSs
 Higher
impact of a failure

8. CHAPTER 1 – FUNDAMENTALS OF DBMS
VARIOUS COMMON OF DBMS
 Oracle
 Microsoft
 SQL
Access
Server
 Sybase
 FoxPro

9. CHAPTER 1 – FUNDAMENTALS OF DBMS
FEATURES OF DBMS

Database definition

Nonprocedural access

Application development

Procedural language interface

Transaction processing

Database tuning
[BUT, THIS IS AN ASSIGNMENT AND PRESENT!]
[PERFORM IN 3 GROUPS]

10. CHAPTER 1 – FUNDAMENTALS OF DBMS
THREE-SCHEMA ARCHITECTURE
OF DBMS
 First

Level:
Internal schema at the internal level to
describe data storage structures and
access paths. Typically uses a physical data
model.

11. CHAPTER 1 – FUNDAMENTALS OF DBMS
THREE-SCHEMA ARCHITECTURE
OF DBMS
 Second

Level:
Conceptual schema at the conceptual
level to describe the structure and
constraints for the whole database. Uses a
conceptual or an implementation data
model.

12. CHAPTER 1 – FUNDAMENTALS OF DBMS
THREE-SCHEMA ARCHITECTURE
OF DBMS
 Third

Level:
External schema at the external level to
describe the various user views. Usually
uses the same data model as the
conceptual level.

13. CHAPTER 1 – FUNDAMENTALS OF DBMS
CLIENT-SERVER ARCHITECTURE
OF DBMS

14. CHAPTER 1 – FUNDAMENTALS OF DBMS
TRADITIONAL TWO-TIER CLIENTSERVER ARCHITECTURE
 Advantages:

It enables wider access to existing
databases.

Increased performance

Hardware costs may be reduced

Communication costs are reduced

15. CHAPTER 1 – FUNDAMENTALS OF DBMS
THREE-TIER CLIENT-SERVER
ARCHITECTURE
 Advantages:

The need for less expensive hardware

Application maintenance is centralized.

The added modularity makes it easier to modify or
replace one tier without affecting the other tier.

Load balancing is easier with the separation of
core business logic from the database functions.

16. CHAPTER 1 – FUNDAMENTALS OF DBMS
CATEGORIES OF DBMS
 Desktop
Database

Desktop databases offer an inexpensive,
simple solution to many less complex data
storage and manipulation requirements.

They earn their name by virtue of the fact
that they are designed to run on “desktop”
(or personal) computers.

17. CHAPTER 1 – FUNDAMENTALS OF DBMS
CATEGORIES OF DBMS
 Server
Database

Offer organizations the ability to manage
large amounts of data efficiently and in a
manner that enables many users to access
and update the data simultaneously.

If you’re able to carry the hefty pricetag, a
server-based database can provide you
with a comprehensive data management
solution.

18. CHAPTER 1 – FUNDAMENTALS OF DBMS
CATEGORIES OF DBMS
1.
Desktop databases.
.Example
of desktop databases:

Microsoft Access – from Microsoft in Windows OS.

FoxPro – Windows, Macintosh & UNIX

FileMaker Pro – DOS, all Windows except Win2000.

Paradox – DOS, Windows

Lotus – based on a network server

19. CHAPTER 1 – FUNDAMENTALS OF DBMS
CATEGORIES OF DBMS
2.
Server databases
.Examples
of server databases

Oracle,

Microsoft SQL Server, and

IBM DB2

20. CHAPTER 1 – FUNDAMENTALS OF DBMS
BENEFITS OF DESKTOP DATABASE
1.
Inexpensive
2.
User-friendly - Desktop DBMSs usually offer
an easy-to-navigate graphical user
interface.
3.
Offers web solution - Many modern desktop
databases provide web functionality
enabling you to publish your data on the
web in a static or dynamic fashion.

21. CHAPTER 1 – FUNDAMENTALS OF DBMS
BENEFITS OF SERVER DATABASE
1.
Flexibility - Server-based databases can handle just about
any data management problem you can throw at them.
2.
Powerful performance - Modern databases can manage
multiple high-speed processors, clustered servers, high
bandwidth connectivity and fault tolerant storage
technology.
3.
Scalability - server databases are able to gracefully handle
a rapidly expanding amount of users and/or data.

22. CHAPTER 1 – FUNDAMENTALS OF DBMS
DEFINE THE REQUIREMENTS

Who will be using the database and what tasks will they
perform?

How often will the data be modified? Who will make
these modifications?

Who will be providing IT support for the database?

What hardware is available? Is there a budget for
purchasing additional hardware?

Who will be responsible for maintaining the data?

Will data access be offered over the Internet? If so, what
level of access should be supported?

23. DEFINE THE REQUIREMENTS
 You
may discover that a sophisticated
multi-user server platform (like SQL Server
or Oracle) is necessary to support your
complex requirements.
 On
the other hand, a desktop database
like Microsoft Access might be just as
capable of meeting your needs

24. DATABASE IN SOCIETY
 Bank
Sector
 Government
Sector
 Telecommunication
 Hospitals
 Hypermarkets
Sector