The document discusses the structure and organization of cells. It describes the basic components of plant and animal cells, including the cell membrane, cell wall, nucleus, cytoplasm, vacuoles, mitochondria, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, centrioles, and chloroplasts. It compares the key similarities and differences between plant and animal cells, and relates the density of certain organelles to the functions of specific cell types.

1. PREPARED BY: Ahmad Ikmal ‘Akif bin Abdul Khalil 4 UTM CHAPTER 2 Cell Structure and Cell Organisation 2.1 CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION

3. PLANT CELLS ANIMAL CELLS

10. COMPARISON BETWEEN THE STRUCTURE OF ANIMAL AND PLANT CELLS SIMILARITIES Present Present Ribosomes Present Present Cytoplasmic streaming Present Present Nucleus PLANT CELLS ANIMAL CELLS

11. DIFFERENCES Yes None Cell wall Rectangular Round Shape One, large central vacuole taking up 90% of cell volume. One or more small vacuoles (much smaller than plant cells). Vacuole Lysosomes usually not evident. Lysosomes occur in cytoplasm Lysosomes Only present in lower plant forms Always present Centrioles Yes; cell wall and a cell membrane Yes; only cell membrane Plasma Membrane Plant cells have chloroplasts Animal cells don't have chloroplasts Chloroplast PLANT CELLS ANIMAL CELLS

12. RELATING THE DENSITY OF CERTAIN ORGANELLES WITH THE FUNCTIONS OF SPECIFIC CELLS Mitochondrion To enable cells in the meristem divided by mitosis process CELLS IN THE MERISTEMS Chloroplasts Absorb sunlight during photosynthesis MESOPHYLL PALISADE CELLS Mitochondrion Contract and relax to enable movements and flight FLIGHT MUSCLE CELLS IN INSECTS AND BIRDS Mitochondrion Require large amounts of energy to propel towards the uterus and Fallopian tube during fertilisation SPERM CELLS ORGANELLES FOUND ABUNDANTLY IN THE SPECIFIC CELLS FUNCTIONS TYPES OF CELLS

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