Techniques of fisheries management

1. Techniques of Fisheries
Management
SUDIP MONDAL
4 th Sem. M.Sc., SIF, CUSAT
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2. Conventional Techniques of Fisheries
management
 Kautilaya’s Arthasastra contains references to the fishing
operations, fish eating habits of the population and
governance of the fishery.
 The iron pillar edicts of emperor Asoka the great, did rule
to kill the fishes during certain phases of moon.
 Modern concept of fisheries management begins in the
Western world.
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3.  In Europe, J. A. Gulland popularize the term Fisheries
management.
 Fisheries Management in the past (prior to Gulland) has been
mainly a matter of restrictive regulations.
 C. L. Dawson points out, “ historically fishery management
has focused primarily on the biological aspects of the
fisheries and the protection and conservation of fish stocks”.
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4. Need for a new classification
 C. L. Dawson further told that fisheries contribute to the
society, economics, political. It contributes to the people who
are involved in or affected by the fishery – boat builders,
fishermen to fish merchants and consumer. So its scope is
wider and includes a strong role in planning and executing
fishery development.
 Gulland notes, in this wider sense that fishery management
may be considered as any control or adjustment of fishing
operations ( the amount of fishing, type of gear used, size of
fish caught etc.) to optimize the use of natural resource. This
include not only the restrictive measures but also development
plans and activities.
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5. Developmental Techniques
 These are the techniques adopted for the management of a
developing fishery or the techniques used for developing the
fishery.
 It consist the preparation of “ Master plan”
What is master plan ???
Master plan is a comprehensive plan for the all-round
development of the industry in a given period of time.
 It has sectoral targets to develop like marine fishing, inland
fishing, aquaculture, processing, marketing etc.
 3 steps –
Preparation, Implementation and Evaluation
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6. 1. Preparation of the plan
 Statistical Survey of the industry :-
 It begins a couple of years before the actual implementation
of the plan.
 It starts with a review of the state of the industry with respect
to its resources (natural, human and physical), the potential
for the growth and constrains for development.
 The planning agency commences collecting and pooling the
information regarding fish stocks, manpower, fishing boats,
landing center facilities and the infrastructure for processing
and marketing.
 Collected information are reviewed to establish the potential
growth and simultaneously the constrains too.
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7.  Identification of objectives :
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
Objectives of developed fisheriesConservation of natural resources
Prevention of economic waste
Prevention of conflict
Protection of environment
Protection of investment

1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
Objectives in developing fisheriesImprovement of nutrition
Improvement of national economy
Utilization of natural resources
Opportunities for investment
Contribution to allied industries
• Listing of the objectives is crucial in the preparation of the plan because
it gives DIRECTION and MOMENTUM for planning.
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8.  Prepare specific targets: Targets are the concentration of objectives into numerical
values or it is referred as crystallization of objectives.
 Targets are set as desirable quantities or magnitudes to be
achieved at specific points of time in the future in the course
of implementation of the plan.
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9. 2. Implementation of the plan
 After getting approval from parliament the “Master plan’
should be implemented.
 Implementation is done by department of fisheries.
 It is implemented as annual plans (short run) and five year
plans (long run).
 Short run objectives include – promotion of employment,
earnings, consumption etc.
 Long run objectives include – national self – reliance and
balanced regional development.
 Failure of the most plan is attributed due to faulty or poor
implementation.
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10. 3. Evaluation of the plan
 For understanding the achievements evaluation of the plan is
important.
 It measure the extent of fulfillment of objectives and any gap
prevailing there in.
 Based on the evaluation, planners take the remedial measures
for improving the performance of the plan.
 Evaluation of the plan should be made at all successive stages
of plan implementation and necessary corrections are made in
the succeeding periods.
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11. Regulatory Techniques
 These are the techniques used for regulating or controlling the operation
of the industry to protect the stock, prevent conflict, prevent overcapitalization and maintain ideal or optimum conditions for the working of
the industry.
 It is broadly classified into two categories1. Blanket (absolute) controls.
2. Selective (partial) controls.
CATCHING BRANCH:1) Blanket Controls on Input in the Catching Branch Limit the number of fishermen, fishing craft, fishing gear. (Limited entry by
licensing or taxation)
 Limitation on the number of days, hours of operation per week or per day.
( Effort control)
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12. 2) Blanket controls on output in the catching branch: The outstanding example of this is the conventional “quota system” where
in the government or the managing agency determine the total allowable
catch and allocate it to individual fishermen through a system of “ permits”
or “shares” or “quotas” and the fishermen once they exhaust their “
allocated shares” cease fishing during season.
3) Selective controls on inputs in the catching branch: These controls are – 1) controls on fishing grounds (sanctuaries)
2) controls on fishing seasons (closed season)
3) controls on gear potency
4) control on effort through taxes
4) Selective controls on output in the catching branch: Protecting specific varieties of fish which are facing overfishing.
 Restrictions on the catching of small size fishes during specified periods in
specified areas.
 A heavy dose of taxation protecting 12 stock.
the

13. PROCESSING BRANCH:1) Blanket controls on inputs in the processing branch: Limit the number of processing enterprises through the industrial licensing
system.
 Through “Quota” or “Permit” system one industry can operate for fixed
hours or days per week or season.
2) Blanket controls on output in the processing branch: Production function in the processing branch is a “Linear” and
“Homogenous” function of inputs used are likely to affect the output as
well.
3) Selective controls on inputs in the processing branch: This control prevent the processing of high priced endangered species for
export through heavy dose of taxation or by a selective ban on specific
inputs use.
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14. 4) Selective controls on output in the processing branch: It is complementary to the controls on inputs.
MARKETING BRANCH:1) Blanket controls on inputs in the marketing branch: Limit the no of units engaged in the disposal of fish and then restrict the
quantity of fish handled (purchased) by each unit.
2) Blanket controls on output in the marketing branch: Limit the number of units operating in this sector and the volume of
goods, “fish” sold by them.
3) Selective controls on inputs in the marketing branch: Species which are marketed their age and size
 These restrictions can be extended to their storage, transportation and
distribution.
 These controls may be exercised directly or through a tax system in the
primary market.
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15. 4) Selective controls on output in the marketing branch: It is an extension of the controls from the primary market to the
secondary market or the ultimate market.
 Controls are seasonal, species limitations, age, size etc.
 These controls also may be exercised directly or through a tax system.
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