The document provides information about a study assessing practices predisposing mothers of pre-school children to worm infestation in a rural community. Key findings from the results section include: 1) Most mothers were Hindu, had primary education, and obtained drinking water from hand pumps. Most children defecated in sanitary latrines. 2) Most homes had good hygienic conditions and a joint family structure. Most children had a non-vegetarian diet and mothers washed hands with only water after defecation. 3) Regarding practices, most mothers washed vegetables, did not filter water, and their children did not eat soil. Few mothers had pet animals or boiled milk/water.

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Assess the practices on predisposing factor of worm infestation among mothers of pre-
school children in a selected rural community.
ABSTRACT: - The Worm Ascaris lubricious is the most common intestinal parasite in the
World infecting and estimated3.5 billion people. It is also largest of the worms reaching an
average of 40 cm (16 inches) in length. It can be as a pencil and weight almost as much. It is
pink with bright red “speed” stripes. Females grow in intestine producing an enormous a No. of
eggs estimated to be 27 million in her life time of a year
By: - Mr. Vinod Kumar Prajapati
Roll no. 4
First Year M.Sc. Nursing
MAHATMA GANDHI MISSION NEW BOMBAY COLLEGE OF NURSING,
Sector-l, Plot No. I & 2, Kamothe, Navi Mumbai _ 410209
Tel. +9 1 - 022 - 27 437 9001 01 Email ID: hrd.mgmhospital@gmail.com
Web. Site: www.mgmmedicalcollige.org.in –

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INDEX
SR.NO PARTICULARS PAGE NO.
1. Title 1
2. Abstract 1
3. Introduction 3
4. Need of project 3-4
5. Delimitation 5
6. Methodology 5 – 6
7. Validity of tools 6
8. Results 7 -14
9. Section-1 7 -11
10. Section-2 11 – 14
11. Conclusion 14
12. Master sheet of data collection 15 - 16
13. References 17

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INTRODUCTION: -
Worms are parasitic, soft bodied organisms that can infest human and animals. Parasitic worms
fall into several different classes and includes flukes, hook worms, round worms, tapeworms,
whipworms, and pinworms. The parasitic infestations are acquired by ingestion, inhalation or
penetration of the skin by the infective forms. In India, favourable circumstances exist for high
morbidity due to rapid industrialisation and shifting of larges masses from nearby villages to big
towns for daily wages. This population of labour class continues to eat and defecate at the
roadsides at the outskirts of the towns and added to it are the menace of flies and other insects,
poor personal cleanliness, habits of barefoot walking and poor disposal system of human excreta,
which favours worm infestation.
NEED OF THE STUDY:-
“The day will come when nations will be judged not only by their military or economic strength,
but by the splendor of their level of health, nutrition and education”
-Progress of nations (1996)
Parasitic infestation with roundworm, hookworm, and pinworm are the sources of severe
morbidity in children as well as adults. Although mortality from such infestation is low some
intestinal parasitic infections interfere with the nutrition, growth and development of the children
as well as with work and productivity of children. Intestinal parasitic infection constitutes a
global health burden. These parasites are estimated to affect approximately 3.5 billion persons
worldwide and cause clinical morbidity in 450 million, many of these being children in
developing countries.

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From the above statistics and research studies it is clear that there is a need to motivate and
improve the knowledge and practice of mothers of preschool children in the rural communities
on the prevention of worm infestation. Hence the investigator was motivated to conduct the
study.
Children’s well - being is the basic concern of every nation. A healthy child brings happiness to
the family, eternal joy to the parent and thrill to the society and hope to the nation. Children are
the most valuable asset for any society. There are the builders of the future of any nation.
“Children Health – Tomorrows Wealth” Children are priceless resources. In 1984 world Health
day rightly spot lighted the basic truth indicating that we must safe guard the health bodies and
minds of the children.
Out of 843.97 millions of population children constitute major properties of forty eight percent,
who are vulnerable to infection and face high morbidity and mortality. The morbidity rate under
0-1 years and 5- 14 years were 12.0 percent and 22.9 present respectively. Increased morbidity
rate amount all child hood disorders common intestinal worm infestations affect the health of the
children very much.
There is a need to bring awareness among the children’s regarding case, prevention and control
of intestinal worm infestations.
In India 80 percent of Children population are affected by worm infestations that live in rural
areas because of poor sanitary conditions poverty, ignorance, illiteracy and lack of health
education.
In view of the W.H.O. recommendation in areas where prevalence of mild to moderate
underweight children are greater than 25 percent and where unhygienic practice are known to be

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wide spread high priority should be given to deworming programme. In addition to the draining
effect on mental and physical well being they are pathogenic, for instance ascaris with highest
positivity rate causing abdominal discomfort, biliary diseases, colic, pyogenic cholangitis,
acalculous, cholecystitis, cholestasis, diverticulitis, and necrohemorrhagic pancreatitis and is
responsible for approximately one third of these diseases in endemic areas.
TITLE OF THE STUDY:-
Assess the practices on predisposing factor of worm infestation among mothers of pre-school
children in a selected rural community.
OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY:-
To assess the practices predisposing factor of worm infestation among mothers of pre-school
children in a selected rural community.
OPERATION DEFINITIONS
ASSESS
According to oxford dictionary asses refer to: - Evaluate or estimate the nature, ability, or
quality, calculate or estimate the price or value.
In this study: - Assess is refers to the practices of predisposing factors of worm infestation
among the mother of pre-school children.
PRACTICES
According to oxford dictionary practices refer to: - The actual application or use of an idea,
belief, or method as opposed to theories about such application or use

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In this study: - The mother is does practice predisposing factor of worm infestation among
mothers of pre-school children.
PREDISPOSING FACTOR
According to oxford dictionary when refer to:-
Any conditioning factor that influences both the type and the amount of resources that the indivi
dual canelicit to cope with stress. It may be biological, psychological, genetic, or sociocultural.
WORM INFESTATION
According to oxford dictionary when refer to: - Worm infestation occurs when worms live as
parasitic adults in the human gastrointestinal tract. Worms that infect humans can be divided into
three groups: Roundworms, whipworms, hookworms.
In this study: -It is the problem occurring in the pre-school children and to solve by the research.
PRE-SCHOOL CHILDREN
According to oxford dictionary when refer to: - A child who is under five years old and therefore
does not go to formal school.
In this study: - The children from age group of 3 - 6 are considered as preschool children who are
more prone for worm infestation.
ASSUMPTIONS
The low economic status and illiteracy among mother of pre-school children may lead to worm
infestation.

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DELIMITATION
The study is limited to the following points:
1. The children belonging to the age group of 3 – 6 years.
2. Mother of pre-school children in a selected rural community.
3. Practices assisted only ones on factor influencing worm infestation among mother of pre-
school children.
METHODOLOGY:
Researchdesign: - The descriptive survey design was used for this study.
Setting of the study: - This study conducted in selected rural community among mothers of pre-
school children.
Population:
The assessment will be performed on the mother of 3 – 6 years children in selected community.
Target Population: - Mothers of all pre-school children’s.
Assessable Population:
In this study population is mothers of pre- school children in a selected rural community.
Sample size: 60
Sample technique: Non probability convenient sampling.

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Inclusion Criteria:
The study includes the mothers:-
- Whose children between 3-6 years of age.
- Are available at the time of data collection.
- Are willing to participate in the study.
- Can understand and speak Hindi, Marathi.
Exclusion Criteria:
Those who are not available at the time of data collection?
Validity of Tools:
The assessment tools containing:
Part 1: Socio-demographic variable
Part 2: Regarding contributing factor on worm infestation and personal hygiene.

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RESULTS:-
SECTION:-1 SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLE
1. DISTRIBUTIONS OF SAMPLE BASED ON RELIGION AND MOTHERS
EDUCATION
1 Religion
Hindu
Buddhist
Muslim and Christian
Others
43
15
2
0
71.66 %
25 %
3.34 %
0
2 Mothers Education
Illiterate
Primary education
Secondary education
Degree
21
29
6
4
35 %
48.34 %
10 %
6.66 %
In regard to religions 44(71.66 %) are Hindus, 15(25 %) were Buddhist, 2(3.34 %) were Muslim
and Christian.
In regards to Mothers Education 21(35%) has Illiterate, 29(48.4%) had Primary education,
6(10%) has Secondary education, 4(6.66%) were Degree.
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Religion
Hindu
Buddhist
MuslimandChristian
Others
MothersEducation
Illiterate
Primaryeducation
Secondaryeducation
Degree
1 2
SAMPLE BASED ON RELIGIONAND MOTHERS EDUCATION

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2. DISTRIBUTIONS OF SAMPLE BASED ONSOURCES OF DRINKING WATER
AND WHERE THE CHILD IS DEFECATES
5 Sources of drinking water
Tap
Hand Pump
Well
River
22
23
5
0
36.66 %
38.33 %
8.33 %
6 Where the child is defecates
Field
Sanitary latrine
At Home (make shift)
23
35
2
38.33 %
58.33 %
3.33 %
In regard to Sources of drinking water 22(36.66 %) has Tap facility, 23(38.33 %) had Hand
Pump facility, 5(8.33 %) had Well facility.
In regard to child is defecates 23(38.33 %) used Open Field, 35(58.33 %) used Sanitary latrine,
2(3.33 %) used At Home (make shift).
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Sources
of
drinking
water
Tap Hand
Pump
Well River Where
the child
is
defecates
Field Sanitary
latrine
At Home
(make
shift)
5 6

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3. DISTRIBUTIONS OF SAMPLE BASED ON HYGIENIC CONDITION, TYPE OF
FAMILY, TYPE OF DIET AND HAND WASH
7 Hygienic condition
Satisfactory
Good
6
54
10 %
90 %
8 Type of family
Nuclear
Joint
10
50
16.66 %
83.34 %
9 Which type of diet
Vegetarians
Non-vegetarian
5
55
8.34 %
91.66 %
10 Wash hand after defecation
Soap and Water
Water only
12
48
20 %
80 %
In regard to Hygienic condition 6 (10%) had satisfactory, 54(90%) maintained good satisfactory
condition.
In regard to type of family10 (16.66 %) belong to nuclear family, 50 (83.34%) belong to joint.
In regard to type of diet 5 (8.34 %) were Vegetarians diet, 55(91.66%) had Non-vegetarian diet.
In regard to Wash hand after defecation 12(20%) mothers of pre-school with Soap and Water, 48
(80%) were only Water.
0
50
100
Hygieniccondition
Satisfactory
Good
Typeoffamily
Nuclear
Joint
Whichtypeofdiet
Vegetarians
Non-vegetarian
Washhandafter
defecation
SoapandWater
Wateronly
1 2 3 4
SAMPLE BASED ON HYGIENICCONDITION,TYPE OF FAMILY,TYPE OF DIET AND
HAND WASH

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4. DISTRIBUTIONS OF SAMPLE BASED ON BODY BUILD AND DISPOSAL OF
SOLID WASTE
11 Body build
Thin
Moderate
Overweight
3
46
11
5 %
76.66 %
18.34 %
12 Disposal of solid waste
Open dumping method
Burning
Closed dumping
A and B
26
24
3
6
43.33 %
40.6 %
5.4 %
10.4 %
In regard to Body build 3(5%) has Thin, 46(76.66%) were Moderate, 11(18.34%) has
Overweight.
In regard to disposal of solid waste 26(43.33%) has open dumping method 24(40.6%) were
burning, 3(5.4%) has closed dumping, 6(10.4%) were A and B.
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Bodybuild
thin
moderate
Overweight
Disposalofsolidwaste
Opendumpingmethod
Burning
Closeddumping
AandB
5 6

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SECTION:-2 REGARDING CONTRIBUTING FACTOR ON WORM INFESTATION
AND PERSONAL HYGIENE
1. DISTRIBUTIONS OF SAMPLE BASED ON THUMB SUCKING, WASHING
VEGETABLE, FILTER THE WATER BEFORE DRINKING AND NAIL BITING
1. Habit of thumb sucking 10 50 16.66 % 83.34 %
2. Do you wash vegetable before cooking 54 6 90 % 10 %
3. Do you filter the water before drinking 26 34 43.33 % 56.67 %
4. Habit of nail biting 24 36 40 % 60 %
In regard to habit of nail biting 24 (40%) pre-school mother says yes, were 36(60 %) says no.
In regard to pre-school mothers wash vegetable before cook 54(90%) says yes, were 6(10%) not
wash.
In regard to mothers filter the water before drink 26(43.33 %) says yes, were 34(56.67 %) says
no.
In regard to mothers says that the habit of thumb sucking is 10(16.66 %) yes, were 50(83.34 %)
no.
Habit of thumb
sucking
Do you wash
vegetable before
cooking
Do you filter the
water before
drinking
Habit of nail biting
1 2 3 4
16.66
90
43.33
40
83.34
10
56.67
60
SAMPLE BASED ON THUMB SUCKING, WASHING VEGETABLE, FILTER THE WATER
BEFORE DRINKING AND NAIL BITING
YES
NO

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3. DISTRIBUTIONS OF SAMPLE BASED ON PET ANIMAL, CHILD EAT SOIL, BOIL
THE MILK AND WATER AND WASH YOU’RE HAND BEFORE HAVING FOOD
5. You have any pet animal 11 49 18.34 % 81.66 %
6. Does your child eat soil / mud 8 52 13.34 % 86.66 %
7. Do you boil the milk and water before giving your child 17 43 28.34 % 71.66 %
8. Do you wash your hand Before having food 60 0 100 %
In regard to pre-school mothers have pet animal 11(18.34%), were 49(81.66) mothers don’t have
pet animals.
In regard to mother of pre-school children says 8(13.34 %) eat soil, were 52 (86.66 %) not eating
soil.
In regard to mother of pre-school children boil the milk and water before giving child 17(28.34
%), were 43(71.66 %) not boiling milk and water before giving child.
In regard to mothers wash hand before having food is 60(100%).
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
You have any pet
animal
Does your child eat soil
/ mud
Do you boil the milk
before and water
giving your child.
Do you wash your
hand Before having
food
5 6 7 8
SAMPLE BASED ON PET ANIMAL, CHILD EAT SOIL, BOIL THE MILK AND WATER AND WASH
YOU’RE HAND BEFORE HAVING FOOD
YES
NO

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4. DISTRIBUTIONS OF SAMPLE BASED ON WASH YOUR HAND AFTER HAVING
FOOD, AFTER URINATION, AFTER DEFECATION, HAVE RAW FOOD
9. Do you wash your hand After having food 60 0 100 %
10. Do you wash your hand After urination 60 0 100 %
11. Do you wash your hand After defecation 60 0 100 %
12. Did you have raw food 6 54 10 % 90%
In regard to mothers of pre-school children says that they wash hand after having food
60(100%),
In regard to mothers of pre-school children says wash hand after urination 60(100%),
In regard to mothers of pre-school children says wash hand after defecation 60(100%)
In reared to mothers of pre-school children says that they don’t take raw foods 56(90%), were
6(10%) take raw foods.
0
20
40
60
80
100
Do you wash your
hand After having
food
Do you wash your
hand After
urination
Do you wash your
hand After
defecation
Did you have raw
food
9 10 11 12

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5. DISTRIBUTIONS OF SAMPLE BASED ON WALK BARE FOOT, BATH DAILY
AND CLEANING OF NAIL
13. Do you walk bare foot 24 36 40 % 60 %
14. Do you bath daily 53 7 88.33 % 11.67 %
15. Does your nail is clean 34 26 56.66 % 43.34 %
In regard to the walk bare foot 36(60%), were 24(40%) no walk bare foot.
In regard to mothers of pre-school children bath daily 53(88.33%), were 7(11.67%) not bath
daily.
In regard to mothers of pre-school children are not cleaning nail 34(56.66 %), were clean the nail
26(43.34 %).
0 20 40 60 80 100
Do you walk bare foot
Do you bath daily
Does your nail is clean
131415
YES
NO

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CONCLUSION
The first objective of the study was to assess the practices predisposing factor of pre-school
children in a selected rural community. A structured questionnaire was prepared to assess the
demographic details as well structured questionnaire were also prepared regarding contributing
factor on worm infestation and personal hygiene.
Now days, the pre-school children have more warm infestation due to poor knowledge of pre-
school children mothers. So the government is providing immunization and child services like
mid-day meal programme and providing free of care in PHC’s and Sub-Centers.
RECOMMENDATIONS
 A similar study can be undertaken with a large sample to generalize the findings.
 Replication of this study can be done with large samples in different settings to validate
and generalize the findings.
 The same study can also be undertaken in urban area or in different settings.
 Similar studies could be conducted on various types of disease like worm infestation,
anemia, itching of genital area and other skin diseases.
 A study on the attitude, practice, knowledge of primary school children regarding
common health problems of children can also be undertaken.
Nursing Practice
 Nurses working in the community play a role in identifying common health problems in
children.

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 The nursing personnel can organize regular meetings for school children to impact
knowledge, attitude, and practice about the common health problem of the children. It
helps the children in the growth and development.
Nursing Education
 All the health team members in the community most have a social consciousness and
motivate the children in prevention of worm infestation.
 The children are provided awareness in controlling the worm infestation.
 They can be educated in prevention of nutrition deficiency disorders like anemia.
Nursing Research
 In depth studies of various factors contributing to worm infestation, anemia, itching can be
conducted.
 Large scale studies can be conducted with regard to prevention and control measures likes
appropriate treatment, proper immunization, proper hygiene, and environmental hygiene.

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MASTER SHEET OF DATA COLLECTION:-
SECTION-1: Socio-demographic variable
1. Religion
A. Hindu
B. Buddhist
C. Muslim and Christian
D. Others
2. Mothers Education
A. Illiterate
B. Primary education
C. Secondary education
D. Degree
3. Mother occupation
A. Home maker
B. Mannal loubrer
C. Home maids
D. Others
4. Types of House
A. Non Concrete (‘Kutcha‘)
B. Concrete (‘Pucca‘)
C. Semi-concrete
5. Sources of drinking water
A. Tap
B. Hand Pump
C. Well
D. River
6. Where the child is defecates
A. Field
B. Sanitary latrine
C. At Home (make shift)

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7. Hygienic condition
A. Satisfactory
B. Good
8. Type of family
A. Nuclear
B. Joint
9. Which type of diet
A. Vegetarians
B. Non-vegetarian
10. Wash hand after defecation
A. Soap and Water
B. Water only
11. Body build :-
A. Thin
B. Moderate
C. Overweight
12. Disposal of solid waste
A. Open dumping method
B. Burning
C. Closed dumping
D. A and B

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SECTION-2: Regarding contributing factor on worm infestation and personal hygiene.
SR.NO. QUESTION YES NO
1. Habit of thumb sucking
2. Do you wash vegetable before cooking
3. Do you filter the water before drinking?
4. Habit of nail biting
5. You have any pet animal
6. Does your child eat soil / mud
7. Do you boil the milk before and water giving your child.
8. Do you wash your hand Before having food
9. Do you wash your hand After having food
10. Do you wash your hand After urination
11. Do you wash your hand After defecation
12. Did you have raw food
13. Do you walk bare foot
14. Do you bath daily
15. Does your nail is clean
TOTAL

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REFERENCES:-
1. Ahmed AK, Malik B, Saheen B. Frequency of intestinal parasitic infestation in children of 5-
12 yrs of age in Abbottabad. Journal of Ayub Medical College 2003; 28-30.
2. B.T. Basavanthappa, “Textbook of Community Health Nursing”, Second edition, published
by Jaypee Brothers, Medical Publishers Pvt. Ltd., page no. 771-775.
3. Nightingale Nursing Times, volume-6, No.12, March 2011, Published by Ashok Jain on
behalf of Nightingale Education Society, page no. 13-14.
4. Park K. Textbook of preventive and social medicine. 18th ed. Jabalpur: Banarasidas Bhanot;
2005.
5. Rao YS, Rao MV. Prevalence of intestinal parasitic infestation in an urban area. Indian
Journal of Public Health 1975; 19(3):101-5.
6. Worm infestations;(updated 2007 Nov 14; cited 2006 Jan) available from
< http://www.innvista.com/health/microbes/parasite/worms.>