1. Biology Lab Exam
Terms
* Write an essay on oogenesis

2. Meiosis
• Terms
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synapsis
alleles
crossing-over
haploid

3. synapsis
• the association of
homologous
chromosomes that is
characteristic of the first
meiotic prophase

4. alleles
• any of the alternative
forms of a gene that
may occur at a given
locus

5. crossing over
• an interchange of genes
or segments between
homologous
chromosomes

6. haploid
• having the gametic
number of
chromosomes typically
including one of each
pair of homologous
chromosomes compare
diploid

7. Genetics
• Terms:
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phenotype
genotype
incomplete dominance
codominance
transposons

8. phenotype
• The word phenotype
refers to the observable
attributes of individual
organisms including
morphology, physiology
and behavior
– World of Biology, 2006

9. genotype
• An individual's
genotype is the
composition, in the
individual's genome, of
a specific region of DNA
that varies within a
population.
– Genetics, October 27,
2008
• The term genotype
describes the actual set
(complement) of genes
carried by an organism.
In contrast, phenotype
refers to the observable
expression of characters
and traits coded for by
those genes.
– World of Genetics, 2007

10. incomplete dominance
• blending of the two
alleles occurs, or both
alleles continue to
manufacture their
proteins
– "Heterozygous
advantage." World of
Genetics. Gale, 2007.
Science in Context. Web.
21 Nov. 2013.

11. codominance

12. transposons
• Transposons, also called
transposable elements
or jumping genes, are
stretches of
deoxyribonucleic acid
(DNA) that can move
around an organism's
chromosome.
– Biology, October 1, 2009

13. Bacteria
• terms:
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bacillus
coccus
spirillum
fission
conjugation
bacterial colony
sensitivity plate
nitrogen fixation
nodules
sheath
heterocysts

14. bacillus
• The shapes of bacterial
cells, often of keen
interest to forensic
investigators, are
classified as spherical
(coccus), rodlike
(bacillus), spiral
(spirochete), helical
(spirilla), and commashaped (vibrio) cells.
– World of Forensic
Science, 2006

15. coccus
• a spherical bacterium
– (MW)

16. spirillum
• any of a genus
(Spirillum) of curved
elongated motile
bacteria having tufts of
flagella at both poles;
broadly a spiral
filamentous bacterium
(as a spirochete)

17. fission
• reproduction by
spontaneous division of
the body into two or
more parts each of
which grows into a
complete organism

18. protists
• terms
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oogamy
zygote
isogamous
syngamy
sporophyte
gametophyte
alternation of
generations
– fucoxanthins

19. oogamy
• having or involving a
small motile male
gamete and a large
immobile female
gamete

20. zygote
• a cell formed by the
union of two gametes;
broadly the developing
individual produced
from such a cell

21. isogamous
• Gale
• having or involving
isogametes (a gamete
indistinguishable in
form or size or behavior
from another gamete
with which it can unite
to form a zygote)

22. syngamy
• lookup
• sexual reproduction by
union of gametes :
fertilization

23. sporophyte
• the diploid multicellular
individual or generation
of a plant with
alternation of
generations that begins
from a diploid zygote
and produces haploid
spores by meiotic
division compare
gametophyte

24. gametophyte
• the haploid multicellular
individual or generation of a
plant with alternation of
generations that begins with a
haploid spore, produces
gametes by mitotic
division, and ends with
fertilization producing a
diploid zygote and that
constitutes the visibly
dominant form in mosses and
algae, exists as an
independent plant body in
ferns and their relatives, and is
reduced to a microscopic or
rudimentary state in seed
plants compare sporophyte

25. alternation of generations
• the occurrence of two
or more forms
differently produced in
the life cycle of a plant
or animal usually
involving the regular
alternation of a sexual
with an asexual
generation

26. fucoxanthins
• a brown carotenoid
pigment C40H60O6
occurring especially in
the chloroplasts of
brown algae

27. alginic acid
• an insoluble colloidal
acid (C6H8O6)n that in
the form of its salts is a
constituent of the cell
walls of brown algae

28. diatomaceous earth
• a light friable siliceous
material derived chiefly
from diatom remains
and used especially as a
filter

29. micronuclei
• a minute nucleus;
specifically one that is
primarily concerned
with reproductive and
genetic functions in
most ciliated
protozoans

30. macronuclei
• a relatively large
densely staining nucleus
of most ciliate
protozoans that is
derived from
micronuclei and
controls various
nonreproductive
functions

31. pseudopod
• a temporary protrusion
or retractile process of
the cytoplasm of a cell
that functions (as in an
amoeba) especially in a
locomotor or food
gathering capacity see
amoeba illustration

32. sclerotium
• a compact mass of
hardened mycelium
stored with reserve
food material that in
some higher fungi
becomes detached and
remains dormant until a
favorable opportunity
for growth occurs

33. fungi
• terms
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budding
fragmentation
conidiophores
septa
coenocytic
phototaxis
dikaryotic
monokaryotic
mycelium
saprophytes
hypha

34. budding

35. fragmentation

36. conidiophores
• a specialized hyphal
branch of some fungi
that produces conidia
(an asexual spore
produced on a
conidiophore of certain
fungi)

37. septa
• a dividing wall or
membrane especially
between bodily spaces
or masses of soft tissue

38. coenocytic
• a multinucleate mass of
protoplasm resulting
from repeated nuclear
division unaccompanied
by cell fission

39. phototaxis
• a taxis in which light is
the directive factor

40. dikaryotic

41. monokaryotic

42. mycelium
• the mass of interwoven
filamentous hyphae that
forms especially the
vegetative portion of the
thallus of a fungus and is
often submerged in
another body (as of soil
or organic matter or the
tissues of a host); also a
similar mass of filaments
formed by some bacteria
(as streptomyces)

43. saprophytes
• fungi that obtains food
by absorbing dissolved
organic material;
especially obtaining
nourishment from the
products of organic
breakdown and decay

44. hypha
• one of the threads that
make up the mycelium
of a fungus, increase by
apical growth, and are
transversely septate or
nonseptate