South Sudan gained independence in 2011 with 8.5 million people whose main livelihoods are agriculture, livestock, and fishing, though urban areas depend on food imports. Political instability, declining oil production and taxes, natural disasters, and weak policies have influenced food insecurity. Over 4 in 5 households can meet needs without unsustainable coping strategies, while at least 1 in 5 have minimal food consumption and cannot afford other needs without irreversible strategies. To improve resilience, interventions must address instability, diversify agriculture, strengthen coping strategies, and improve production and market linkages. South Sudan relies heavily on oil exports, so the economy must diversify income generation, especially through prioritizing agriculture.