Heart pump that ensures circulation in the body is a muscular organ, hollow, consisting of four cavities, two upper (atria) and two lower (ventricles). Each atrium communicates with the ventricle on the same side through a hole provided with valves which have the function of valves, valves allow blood flow one way, namely from the atria toward the ventricles. Hole on the right side has three valves and one of only two left.

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CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIA
atrioventricular node, the junction between the atria
and ventricles. Crossing this node electrical impulse
rapidly excites all cells ventricles through His-Purkinje
system called network.
Electrical activity of the heart can be recorded with
electrocardiogram to see if it is synchronized.
Between beats, the electrical system is charging as
well as heart muscle that between two contractions
relaxes and fills with blood again.
Therefore each contraction of the heart is triggered
electrically. Repeating this phenomenon results
heartbeat. Sinus node is the one that gives the
measure of the pace. He has the ability to adjust the
sensitivity cadence body needs to stimulate the
nervous system and stimulating hormones (e.g.
adrenaline). So accelerates heart rate during exertion
or during an emotion and it slows down .Heart pump
Heart pump that ensures circulation in the body is a
are normal heart rhythm disorders or in terms of
muscular organ, hollow, consisting of four cavities,
frequency or regularity of heart rate, or in both.
two upper (atria) and two lower (ventricles). Each
atrium communicates with the ventricle on the same
side through a hole provided with valves which have Causes:
the function of valves, valves allow blood flow one - Heart disease
way, namely from the atria toward the ventricles. - Hyperthyroidism
Hole on the right side has three valves and one of only - Respiratory failure
two left. - Electrolyte imbalances
- Alcohol and tobacco.
Right atrium receives oxygen-poor blood veins that
return the organs to the heart and directs it to the
right ventricle. It sends blood to the lungs where it is
oxygenated before crossing the left atrium to the left
ventricle to be directed to. Left ventricle, the most
voluminous pumps blood into the arteries and hence
throughout the body.
For the heart to pump blood effectively as billions of
cells in the upper chambers and the ventricles have to
contract simultaneously. This timing is triggered by an
electrical impulse. These actions are guided by the Variations in heart rate are normal in some cases.
sinus node, located in the right atrium. From there the Arrhythmia occurs when electrical excitation arises
electrical current passes from cell to cell to the elsewhere than normal or when electrical wave
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propagation does not follow the normal Stored in both normal cardiac impulse
route. The resulting muscle contraction outbreak: sinus node.
differs from normal rhythm. Beating
caused additional contraction is called Atria arrhythmias
extra systole and normal systole. An
extra systole interrupts normal Atria arrhythmias originate in the atria:
sequence of activation of cardiac - Ectopic atria - ectopic impulses
muscle. - Paroxysmal atria tachycardia (regular
140-220/min frequency)
Often extra systole is followed by a - Atria fibrillation and atria flutter
compensatory pause, felt that a (irregular rhythm disturbances).
disruption of the heart rhythm. Sudden
acceleration and prolonged heart rate Atria extra systoles. Hypertension
followed by decrease blood pressure which can cause causes a relaxation of the atria and their premature
dizziness and tiredness and weakness. contraction (atria extra systole).
Resynchronization between the upper chambers and
ventricles also cause palpitations. They can be felt
inside the sternum but ears, throat or stomach. Paroxysmal atria tachycardia - during tachycardia, the
All these forms of arrhythmia occur through the same heart beats quickly and suddenly shrinks up to 140-
symptoms: palpitations, anxiety, fatigue, dispend 220 beats per minute. These episodes may last a few
(difficult breath). Arrhythmias may not be felt at all or seconds or a few hours. They stop as suddenly as they
on the contrary may even lead to loss of appeared. Paroxysmal tachycardia’s can occur in
consciousness. These blackouts occur when the pulse youth and can last a lifetime. After the crisis the
is below 20 beats per minute or more than 200 beats patient feels tired but this type of arrhythmia is rarely
per minute. In general consciousness as soon as the dangerous. Still require medical advice as it may
patient lies supine with legs rose if necessary to diminish the quality of life.
restore blood flow in the brain necessary. There is also
the risk of heart stopping action is needed
resuscitation (cardiac massage and artificial Atria fibrillation and atria flutter is a more serious
respiration, defibrillation and so on). problem that will require medical examinations and
Types: extra systoles treatment, due to an "electrical storm" in the atria.
Coordinated contraction of the atria does not occur.
Ectopic can occur in any healthy person. Only if they Heart loses around 20% capacity. Ventricle can since
occur frequently we speak of arrhythmia. Arrhythmias compensate for this loss but long term exhaustion can
can be classified according to the place of training and lead to heart failure. States felt from pulse irregularity
depending on the effects on heart rate. When heart because the ventricles are not driven by the sinus
rate is called tachycardia is accelerated and when the node, with values sometimes very high pulse 140
pace is slowed bradycardia. beats per minute and even Moreover, sometimes very
small 50 beats per minute causing dizziness.
Heart pump:
A complication of atria fibrillation is dilated atria.
- Sinus tachycardia (heart rate - 90-120/min); Blood stagnates in them that can clot. Passing such a
- Sinus bradycardia (60/min frequency below). mass of clotted blood in circulation can cause
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embolism.
Atria fibrillation can occur after a state of fever. When
this arrhythmia is the result of heart disease
treatment will address this disease. Fibrillation may
also occur in thyroid disease or after drinking too
much alcohol.
Ventricular arrhythmias
- Ventricular extra systole - is due to an irritation of
the ventricular zone, which is no longer synchronized
with the whole heart; causes of this type of
arrhythmia include: emotion, an imbalance in mineral
salts retention (excessive consumption of laxatives),
fever or infection; in these cases the arrhythmia is
considered benign but its appearance with heart
disease may reveal a problem that requires treatment
- Paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia - usually
represents the manifestation of a major dysfunction
of the heart muscle, can occur at any age but
generally follows a myocardial infarction, there is a
synchronization between beating ventricles and atria
contraction, causing the decrease in cardiac output, it
is necessary hospitalization due to weakness of the
heart
- Ventricular fibrillation and flutter.
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