2. Social Darwinism:
This grew out of
Charles Darwin’s
theory of biological
evolution. In 1859,
he published, On the
Origin of Species,
where he described
the process of
natural selection.
1850 1859 1860 1861
Vanderbilt Family: George Pullman: An Urbanization: This
American family who American was the growth of
became socially industrialist and cities during the 19th
prominent during the inventor who was century and beyond.
first half of the 19th known for the
century. There invention of the
family fortune was Pullman Sleeping
established in the Car. He was also
shipping and known for violently
railroad industry, suppressing strikers
The Vanderbilt’s are in the company town
the seventh he created, Pullman,
wealthiest family in which later became
history. part of Chicago
Illinois.

3. Transcontinental
Railroad: This was
the railroad system
that connected the
Atlantic and Pacific
coasts of the United
States. This was
completed in the
year 1869.
1864 1869 1869 1869
Sand Creek Massacre: Political Machine: Kickback: This is an
November 29, 1864 This was an illegal payment for
Colonel John Chivington organized group that services. This is
and his troops descended controlled the what political
on the Cheyenne and activities of a machines would use
Arapaho Indian tribe which political party in a to get people to vote
contained about 200 city. for that party or
warriors and 500 women support them. They
and children who camped would “kickback”
at Sand Creek. The attack money to
occurred at dawn on the supporters.
29th and killed over 150
inhabitants.

4. George
Westinghouse: He
was an American
entrepreneur and
engineer who
invented the railway
Tammany Hall: This air break.
was New York City’s Westinghouse was
most powerful also a great pioneer
Democratic political of the electrical
machine. industry.
1869 1869 1869 1871
Tweed Ring: This Long Drive: The overland
was a group of transport of animals
corrupt politicians where a trail boss and
led by Boss Tweed his crew would take their
in defrauding New cattle on a “long drive”
York City between that usually lasted about
the years 1869 to three months. A typical
1871. drive consisted of one
cowboy for every 200 to
300 head of cattle; a
cook who also drove the
chuck wagon and set up
camp; and a wrangler
who cared for the extra
horses .

5. John D. Rockefeller: He established the
Standard Oil Co. The company joined with
competing companies in trust
agreements. Rockefeller used these trust
agreements to gain total control of the oil
industry in America. In 1870 his company
only processed 2 or 3%of the Country’s
oil, by 1880 it controlled 90% of the
refining business. He kept most of his
assets, but he still gave away over $500
million, establishing the Rockefeller
Foundation, providing funds to found the
University of Chicago, and creating a
medical institute to find a cure for yellow
fever.
1871 1872 1872 1873
Mark Twain: Samuel Southern Alliance: Mail Order Catalog:
Langhorne Clemens This was a group This was a catalog
was a novelist and that sympathized that was companies
humorist. Twain with many farmers. would produce and
inspired a host of The Southern send out via mail
other young writers Alliance was the (postal service) for
and authors when largest and they people to look at
he declared his sent lecturers to and place orders
independence of towns to educate from. By the mid
“literature and all people about lower 1990’s more than 13
that bosh.” interest rates on billion catalogs filled
loans and Americans
government control mailboxes.
over railroads and
banks.

6. George Armstrong
Custer: Colonel
Custer reported that
the Black Hills had
gold. From that point
on the Gold Rush
had begun.
1873 1873 1874 1874
Segregation: Laws Patronage: The Trust: These were
that separate white giving of agreements where
and black people in government jobs to the participants
public and private people who had turned their stock
places. helped that over to a group of
candidate get trustees and in
elected. return the
companies were
entitled to dividends
on profits earned by
the trust.

7. Battle of Little Big Horn: Also
known as Custer’s last stand.
This battle occurred on June
25th and 26th, 1876 near the
Little Big Horn River in
eastern Montana territory. It
was an overwhelming victory
for the Lakota, Northern
Cheyenne, and Arapaho Alexander Graham
inspired by the visions of Bell: The inventor of
Sitting Bull. The total casualty the telephone in
count was 268 dead and 55 1876.
injured.
1876 1876 1876 1876
Buffalo Soldiers: Thomas A. Edison: He
These men were became a pioneer on the
originally members new industrial frontier
of the U.S. Calvary when he established the
Regiment formed on world’s 1st research
Sept. 21, 1866 at laboratory in Menio Park,
Fort Leavenworth, NJ in 1876. There he
Kansas. The nick preferred the
name was given to incandescent light bulb
the “Negro Cavalry” which was patented in
by the Native 1880 and later invented
American Tribes the an entire system for
fought. producing and distributing
power.

8. Ellis Island: This is where
immigrants from mainly
European countries
entered the United
States. About 20% of
immigrants at Ellis Island
were detained for a day
or more before being
inspected but only about
2% were denied entry.
An estimated 17 million
immigrants passed
through the island.
1876 1876 1877 1877
Telephone: Invented Civil Service: Chief Joseph: The leader of the
in 1876 by Government Nez Perce Indian Tribe, the
Alexander Graham Administration. Wallowa band. He and his tribe
Bell. This changed traveled 1170 miles across
the speed of the Oregon, Washington, Idaho,
world forever. Wyoming and Montana while
fighting against General
Howard and his opposing
cavalry. Finally after a 5 day
battle during the freezing
weather conditions with no food
or blankets, Chief Joseph
formally surrendered to General
Nelson Appleton Miles on
October 5th, 1877.

9. Nez Perce: An Bessemer Process: This was
Indian tribe that was developed independently by
forced off of their the British manufacturer Henry
land in Wallowa Bessemer and American iron
County, Oregon in maker William Kelly around
1877 that returned 1850. This technique involved
120 years later. In injecting air into molten iron to
1999 the number of remove the carbon and other
Nez Perce in impurities. By 1880, most
Oregon was at American manufacturers were
around 3,000. Chief using this new method to
Joseph was the best produce 90% of the nation’s
known Nez Perce. steel.
1877 1880 1880 1880
Wild Bill Hickok: He Ragtime: A blend of
was a legendary African American
figure who served as spirituals and
a scout and spy European musical
during the Civil War forms,. Ragtime
then later a marshal originated in
in Abilene, Kansas. southern saloons
He was a violent and led later to jazz,
man who shot a rhythm and blues,
man who was and rock and roll.
holding a pair of
aces and a pair of
eights, this hand is
still known as a
“dead mans hand.”

10. Sitting Bull: A member of the Sioux
Indian Tribe he earned the name of
sitting bull after a fight with the Crow.
He led his people by the strength of
his character and purpose. He was a
warrior, spiritual leader, and medicine
man. He was determined that whites Melting Pot: A
should leave Sioux territory. His most mixture of people of
famous fight was at the Little Big Horn different cultures
River. After his surrender to the federal and races who
government in 1881, his dislike of blended together by
whites did not change. He was killed abandoning their
by a Native American Police in Dec. of native languages
1890. and customs.
1881 1881 1883 1883
Booker T. Washington: A Joseph Pulitzer: A
prominent African American Hungarian immigrant
educator that believed that who had bought
racism would end once the New York World
blacks acquired useful labor in 1883, and
skills and proved their pioneered popular
economic value to the innovations, such as
society. He graduated from a larger Sunday
Virginia’s Hampton Institute . edition, comics,
By 1881 he headed the sports coverage,
Tuskegee Normal and and women’s news.
Industrial institute. The
institute aimed to equip
African Americans with
teaching diplomas and useful
skills.

11. Dawes Act:
Congress passed
this aiming to
“Americanize” the
Native Americans.
The act broke up the
reservations and
gave some of the
reservation land to
Samuel Gompers: individual Native
He led the Cigar Americans- 160
Makers International acres for every head
Union to join with of household and 80
other craft unions in acres to each
1886. unmarried adult.
1884 1886 1886 1887
Mugwumps: A group Jane Addams: She
of Republican very strongly
activists who believed in
Supported settlement houses.
Democratic She cofounded
Candidate Grover Chicago’s Hull
Cleveland in the US House in 1889. She
Presidential election was also an antiwar
of 1884. activist, a
spokesperson for
racial justice and an
advocate for quality
of life issues. In
1931 she was a co-
winner of the Nobel
Peace Prize.

12. Literacy Test: These
test the reading
ability of African
Americans to ensure Poll Tax: An annual
that they couldn’t tax that had to be
vote. paid before
qualifying to vote.
1888 1888 1888 1888
George Eastman: Grandfather Clause:
He sold the first roll- This stated that
film camera. He even if a man failed
called it the Kodak. the literacy test or
could not afford poll
tax, he was still
entitled to vote if he,
his father or his
grandfather had
been able to vote
prior to January 1st,
1867.

13. Ghost Dance: When the Sioux
continued to suffer poverty and
disease the turned to a Palute
prophet who promised that if the
Sioux performed a ritual called
the Ghost Dance, Native
American lands and way of life
would be restored. This Sherman Antitrust
movement spread rapidly among act: This made it
the 25,000 Sioux on the Dakota illegal to form a trust
Reservation. Military leaders saw that interfered with
this as a threat and order the free trade between
arrest of Sitting Bull. In Dec of states and other
1890 he was shot while police countries.
were trying to arrest him.
1888 1890 1890 1890
Jim Crow Laws: This Wounded Knee: On Dec 28, 1890 the
was the nickname Seventh Cavalry (Custer’s old regiment)
for segregation laws rounded up 350 starving and freezing
because of an old Sioux and took them to a camp at
minstrel song that Wounded Knee Creek in South Dakota.
ended in the words The soldiers demanded that the Native
“Jump, Jim Crow.” Americans give up all of their weapons. A
shot was fired, from which side was
unknown, but the cavalry responded with
a deadly cannon fire and within minutes
they had slaughtered as many as 300
mostly unarmed Native Americans and
left their dead bodies laying on the
ground.

14. Eugene Debs: He
attempted to form
the American
Railway Union. Most
of the union’s
members were
unskilled or
semiskilled laborers.
In 1894 the Union
won a strike for
higher wages.
1891 1891 1894 1895
Collective Jacob Riis: He was W. E. B. Dubois:
Bargaining: This a social reformer, The first African
was negotiation “Muckraking” American to earn a
between journalist, and a doctorate from
representatives of social documentary Harvard. He
labor and photographer. He founded the Niagara
management, to was known as one Movement which
reach oral of the fathers of insisted that blacks
agreements on photography should seek a liberal
wages, hours and because of his arts education so
working conditions. discovery of the use that the African
of flash. American
community would
have well- educated
leaders.

15. William Jennings
Bryan: He may be
considered a patron
of loss causes. He
was the nominee for
the Democratic
candidate for the
presidential election
of 1896.
1895 1896 1896 1899
Vaudeville: Settlement House: Andrew Carnegie:
Performances that Community centers He was one of the
included song, in slum first industrial
dance, juggling, neighborhoods that moguls to make his
slapstick comedy, provided assistance own fortune. By
and sometimes to people in the 1899 the Carnegie
chorus lines of area, especially Steel Company
female performers. immigrants. manufactured more
Many black steel than all the
performers factories in Great
entertained here. Britain. He sold his
business in 1901
and his companies
produced by far the
largest portions of
the nations steel.

16. Angel Island: Where
Chinese immigrants
came into the US in
California.
1901 1902 1903 1910
Monopoly: Complete Debt Peonage: A The Wright Brothers:
control over its system that bound Created the first
industry’s laborers into slavery. airplane in Kitty
production, wages Hawk, NC
and prices.

17. • All of my images came from Google
Images.