Change Model Essay Assignment Discussion Paper
Change Model Essay Assignment Discussion PaperDescribing need for changeTheatre
nurses are charged with the duty of evaluating pain in patients and administering pain
relievers. However, their efforts to lessen pain are highly dependent on their relationship
with the doctors and patients. That is because they are not autonomous experts in the field,
but rather operate in accordance with the prescriptions given by the doctors and
assessments offered by the patients (Pope & Deer 2017). It is vital to enhance the quality of
pain control since constant pain has serious consequences and it is a way of being
compassionate about the patients. Nurses in their day-in day-out routine, encounter a
number of constraints that prevent them from practicing effective pain management
interventions. Overall, pain management is a source of concern among surgery patients thus
compromising their recovery (Cherry & Jacob, 2013). The ideal situation would involve the
surgery patients not suffering unnecessary pain. The ideal is, however, not always the case
as theatre nurses are sometimes unable to correctly evaluate and manage the patients’ pain.
The result is lower satisfaction levels among the patients who feel that the nurses and other
medical personnel are not doing all that they can to manage their pain (Mottram & Chester,
2015)Change Model Essay Assignment Discussion Paper.ORDER YOUR PAPER HEREThe
issue to be addressed is ensuring that surgery patients do not suffer unnecessary pain, with
theatre nurses playing a critical role in assessing and managing the patients’ pain. One way
of addressing this concern is through developing and applying non-pharmaceutical pain
management strategies that are not subject to dosage monitoring. It is correct to suggest
that surgery patients’ pain can effectively be managed during the post-surgery period. In
addition, it is reasonable to suggest that non-pharmaceutical approaches present theatre
nurses with an effective pain management tool (Feldman, 2012). According to Mottram and
Chester (2015) and for this study, it is correct to suggest that non-pharmacological
approaches offer a chance for improving pain management for surgery patients with
minimal risk, therefore, it is rational to propose that it is possible to improve pain
management for surgery patients.Stakeholders’ analysisAlthough the proposed change is
intended to improve pain management outcomes for surgical patients, perhaps the
stakeholders most affected by the change are nursing personnel. Nurses’ knowledge is a
basis for poor pain management among surgery patients. Studies show that nurses give first
precedence to some of their other roles such as the technical feature of care, communication
and collaboration, along with management while pain control is given a last precedence.
Furthermore, majority of nurses suppose that experiencing pain is an obvious occurrence

for patients in hospital. With such a mentality, nurses are then so reluctant in carrying out
pain relieving activities in patients. Also, if pain management is given the last priority, it
means that it is either shoddily done or not done at all hence patients continue to suffer
(Hamric et al., 2014)Change Model Essay Assignment Discussion Paper.In addition,
decision-making approaches by nurses form another constraint. Most nurses use backward
way of thinking whereby they operate rearward from a proposition to assess varied
alternatives or to find a way out. Also, they use analogous kinds and amounts of data prior
to making a resolution regarding the most suitable nursing care. Surprisingly, aspects like
academic level, age and extent of work experience do not seem to influence their decisions
on their management of pain among patients. All these are characteristics of non-
professional way of thinking and decision- making that indicate the reasons for ineffective
pain management intercession by nurses and hence forms a limitation (Hamric et al.,
2014).Poor time management during evaluation and control of pain has been a big
challenge in the provision of effective pain relief by nurses. Research indicates that,
disruptions such as attending to phone calls, taking part in doctor’s rounds, backing up
other nurses as well as departing the ward to search for stuff like drugs and bandages are
key obstacles to effectual pain management since they cause hindrances between pain
evaluation and control. Also, it has been observed that nurses mainly focus on things that
have to be done prior to the end of their shift along with exchanges with other medical
personnel and end up forgetting undertakings that directly contribute to their patients’
relief. The pain relief procedure that runs from assessment to control should be consistent,
which in turn forms the only way of ensuring effective pain management (Hamric et al.,
2014)Change Model Essay Assignment Discussion Paper.The third group of stakeholders
affected by the change is the facility management. Organizational formation impacts the
nurses’ capacity to offer successful pain relief to patients. Some surgical facilities do not
have proper treatment strategies, have indistinguishable allocation of duties and are short
of stability in care. Moreover, nurses in certain facilities experience inadequate access to
doctors which result into anxiety while the unskilled doctors who are normally available
rarely give a way out. Most of nurses have complained that some doctors are hesitant to
commence analgesic care which is crucial for adequate pain relief and instead stress on
cure. Under such circumstances, the nurses usually do not have a say but have to go by the
doctors’ orders. Also, time limits that are present in most medical facilities make accurate
pain assessment. This is because patients in critical condition get more attention to the
detriment of other patients. In other words, the structure adopted by surgical facilities
hinder the provision of effective pain control services (Mason et al., 2016). In this respect,
the stakeholder analysis reveals that the proposed change affects patients, nursing
personnel and facility management as stakeholders.ORDER TODAYLeadership theoryThe
change process will be guided by transformational leadership theory. The theory places
emphases on leaders to be charismatic while applying effective management elements
(Marquis & Huston, 2017). In this case, the major concern is to ensure that the objectives,
standards, ethics, values and emotions around management are observes while satisfying
existing needs. For that matter, the leader is respect and trusted to act as a role model who
makes good decisions that are based on knowledge and experience. Through applying

transformational leadership in the present change project, the change manager will
influence the project participants to want to change, improve and be led by creating a vision
that inspires them to exceed expectations (Northouse, 2016)Change Model Essay
Assignment Discussion Paper.Change agentsThe project will recruit nursing personnel as
change agents. They will be expected to promote and enable the change to proceed. In their
capacity as change agents, nursing personnel will clarify the vision for the change, patiently
and persistently implement the change, ask constructive questions about the change, lead
by example through their extensive knowledge and experience, and rely on their strong
relationships to build public trust in the change.Change modelThe change model adopted
for the program is the John Hopkins Nursing model (JHNM). Developed by the Institute for
John Hopkins Nursing (IJHN), the model has been deemed appropriate since it is specifically
targeted at nursing and ensuring evidence-based practice (EBP) is adopted in institutions
where nurses practice. In the present case, the problem was addressing unaddressed pain
among surgical patients. With regards to the model, its choice is based on the fact that the
problem has been assessed and the model has managed to produce a strategic
implementation plan (Fulton, Lyon & Goudreau, 2014; John Hopkins Medicine, 2015). To
ensure that the JHNM synthesizes and translates the evidence into practice, three principal
nursing tools will be applied. This will be research, education and practice. In this case,
research has been conducted to determine the best strategy for addressing pain in surgical
units as well as collecting tangible peer reviewed evidence to support the project’s
implementation. The collected evidence suggests that non-pharmacological approaches
could provide opportunities for improving pain management results for surgical patients.
Finally, the results of the project will be used to influence standard nursing practice in the
institution by recommending the best strategy to address the problem based on whether
the treatment group had better results than the control group (Buchko & Robinson,
2012)Change Model Essay Assignment Discussion Paper.Change barriersTwo barriers are
likely to have a negative impact on the project is left unaddressed. Firstly, medical
personnel are likely to resist the change since it address to their workload. This barrier will
be addressed by engaging medical personnel in discussion where they are informed that the
change merits outweigh the demerits. Secondly, funding the project could be a challenger.
This will be addressed by identifying and seeking funds from independent funding
sources.Evaluation methodsThe project results will be comparing pain management
outcomes at the beginning and end of the project. This would help in determining if the
project had an effect since it would be assumed that any reported changes for pain
management would be attributed to the implemented change.Anchoring and supporting
continuous changeOnce it has been determined that the change produces favorable
outcomes, the next step would entail anchoring and supporting continuous change. This will
entail including the change in operating procedures and protocols applied in the surgical
unit. This will ensure the change is formalized and turned into routine nursing
practice.ReferenceBuchko, B. & Robinson, L. (2012). An evidence-based approach to
decrease early post-operative urinary retention following urogynecologic surgery. Urologic
Nursing, 32(5), 260-264.Cherry, B. & Jacob, S. (2013). Contemporary nursing, issues, trends,
& management (6th ed.). Amsterdam: Elsevier Health Sciences.Feldman, A. (2012).

Understanding health care reform: bridging the gap between myth and reality. Boca Raton,
FL: CRC Press.Fulton, J., Lyon, B. & Goudreau, K. (2014). Foundations of clinical nurse
specialist practice (2nd ed.). New York: Springer Publishing Company, LLC.Hamric, A.,
Hanson, C., Tracy, M. & O’Grady, E. (2014). Advanced practice nursing: an integrative
approach (5th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Elsevier Saunders.John Hopkins Medicine (2015).
Evidence-based practice. Retrieved from
http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/institute_nursing/continuing_education/evidence_based
_practice.htmlMarquis, B. L. & Huston, C. J. (2017). Leadership roles and management
functions in nursing: theory and application (9th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott, Williams
& Wilkins. Change Model Essay Assignment Discussion PaperMason, D., Gardner, D., Outlaw,
F. & O’Grady, E. (2016). Policy & politics in nursing and health care (7th ed.). St. Louis, MO:
Elsevier Saunders.Mottram, D. & Chester, N. (2015). Drugs in sports. New York, NY:
Routledge.Northouse, P. G. (2016). Leadership: theory and practice (7th ed.). Thousand
Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.Pope, J. & Deer, T. (2017). Treatment of chronic pain conditions:
a comprehensive handbook. New York, NY: Springer.Stephens, R. & Umland, C. (2011).
Swearing as a response to pain – effect of daily swearing frequency. The Journal of Pain,
12(12), 1274-1281.1,500–1750 words Implementation, Evaluation, and Sustainability You
will utilize your change model for this assignment. Evaluate the performance of your
surgical department. The procedure adopted for the program will be conducted in over
three steps. Firstly, the projected management team will be appointed. Secondly, the tools
to be applied in the program will be collected to include the questionnaire, training
material, counseling and mentorship strategies. Thirdly, the nurses will be recruited into
the study and control groups. The study group will involve targeted training, counseling and
mentorship. Finally, the nurses will be subjected to the questionnaires with the results
coalesced and presented in tables and figures for easy comparison. This is the change model
from the previous paper order #202801 that needs to be continued AS; Implementation,
Evaluation & Sustainability. Please I would choose our surgical units where the gunshot /
motor vehicle accidents patients are transferred to after being stabilized at the trauma unit.
Identify an area that would significantly benefit from initiating a change. Write a paper
(1,500-1,750 words) in which you describe the particular area you propose to address
through a change initiative. Include the following for your company: Discuss the issues in
this area and the current outcomes as a result of the issues. Describe the external and/or
internal driving forces, contributing issues, and the people affected. Evaluate the
stakeholders involved and discuss how they will be affected by your change initiative.
Clarify your role and responsibility as a change leader.BUY NOWDiscuss the leadership
theory (or theories) you will use to guide the change process. Discuss the change agents you
need to recruit in order to successfully Implement your change. Describe the roles of these
change agents. Utilize your change model to develop strategies: (a) Explain the relevance of
this model to your organization; and (b) Present the strategic aspects using your model. Be
sure to clearly define the purpose of each aspect, the people involved, and the actions that
need to be taken. Identify, or predict, the potential barriers to change. Discuss possible ways
to overcome these obstacles, including methods for dealing with emerging or unforeseen
circumstances that could impede implementation. Describe the evaluation methods you will

use to determine the level of success of your change initiative. Discuss what metrics or
measurable determinates you will use. Propose strategies to anchor change or support
continuous change. Establish how your change plan supports the organizational
mission/goal, genuinely addresses stakeholder concerns, and will serve as an equitable
contribution for the community or society overall.AT LEAST Five REFERENCES needed
Description of the Change Model used (This is from the graded paper) John Hopkins
Nursing (JHNM) was used as a foundation to create a change model that was designed to
reduce compassion fatigue for nurses. For the current targeted nursing population JHNM
was deemed appropriate because it was adopted by nursing facilities (John Hopkins
Medicine, 2015). The ADKAR model was simple to learn and focused on actions and
outcomes required for change (Connally, 2018). These two models were modified as
follows: • Procedure changed to align with problem and population. • Timeline changed to
facilitate timely solution. • Added estimated effectiveness and achievement ratio Change
Model Essay Assignment Discussion Paper