1. Clinical Problem Research Critique
Clinical Problem Research CritiqueUse the practice problem and a qualitative, peer-
reviewed research article you identified in the Topic 1 assignment to complete this
assignment. In a 1000-1,250 word essay, summarize the study, explain the ways in which
the findings might be used in nursing practice, and address ethical considerations
associated with the conduct of the study. Refer to the resource "Research Critique
Guidelines" for suggested headings and content for your paper. Prepare this assignment
according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success
Center. An abstract is not required. Clinical Problem Research Critique . This assignment
uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar
with the expectations for successful completion. You are required to submit this assignment
to LopesWrite. Please refer to the directions in the Student Success Center. RUBRIC 75.0
%Content 15.0 %Background of Study Background of study including problem, significance
to nursing, purpose, objective, and research questions is incomplete. Background of study
including problem, significance to nursing, purpose, objective, and research questions is
included but lacks relevant details and explanation. Background of study including problem,
significance to nursing, purpose, objective, and research questions is partially complete and
includes some relevant details and explanation. Background of study including problem,
significance to nursing, purpose, objective, and research questions is complete and includes
relevant details and explanation. Background of study including problem, significance to
nursing, purpose, objective, and research questions is thorough with substantial relevant
details and extensive explanation. 15.0 %Method of Study Discussion of method of study
including discussion of conceptual/theoretical framework is incomplete. Discussion of
method of study including discussion of conceptual/theoretical framework is included but
lacks relevant details and explanation. Discussion of method of study including discussion of
conceptual/theoretical framework is partially complete and includes some relevant details
and explanation. Discussion of method of study including discussion of
conceptual/theoretical framework is complete and includes relevant details and
explanation. Discussion of method of study including discussion of conceptual/theoretical
framework is thorough with substantial relevant details and extensive explanation. 15.0
%Results of Study Discussion of study results including findings and implications for
nursing practice is incomplete. Clinical Problem Research Critique . Discussion of study
results including findings and implications for nursing practice is included but lacks
relevant details and explanation. Discussion of study results including findings and

2. implications for nursing practice is partially complete and includes some relevant details
and explanation. Discussion of study results including findings and implications for nursing
practice is complete and includes relevant details and explanation. Discussion of study
results including findings and implications for nursing practice is thorough with substantial
relevant details and extensive explanation. 15.0 %Ethical Considerations Discussion of
ethical considerations associated with the conduct of nursing research is incomplete.
Discussion of ethical considerations associated with the conduct of nursing research is
included but lacks relevant details and explanation. Discussion of ethical considerations
associated with the conduct of nursing research is partially complete and includes some
relevant details and explanation. Discussion of ethical considerations associated with the
conduct of nursing research is complete and includes relevant details and explanation.
Discussion of ethical considerations associated with the conduct of nursing research is
thorough with substantial relevant details and extensive explanation. 15.0 %Conclusion
Conclusion does not summarize a critical appraisal and applicability of findings. Conclusion
is vague and does not discuss importance to nursing. Conclusion summarizes utility of the
research and importance to nursing practice. Conclusion summarizes utility of the research
from the critical appraisal and the findings importance to nursing practice. Conclusion
summarizes utility of the research from the critical appraisal, knowledge learned, and the
importance of the findings to nursing practice. Clinical Problem Research Critique . 15.0
%Organization and Effectiveness 5.0 %Thesis Development and Purpose Paper lacks any
discernible overall purpose or organizing claim. Thesis is insufficiently developed or vague.
Purpose is not clear. Thesis is apparent and appropriate to purpose. Thesis is clear and
forecasts the development of the paper. Thesis is descriptive and reflective of the
arguments and appropriate to the purpose. Thesis is comprehensive and contains the
essence of the paper. Thesis statement makes the purpose of the paper clear. 5.0
%Argument Logic and Construction Statement of purpose is not justified by the conclusion.
The conclusion does not support the claim made. Argument is incoherent and uses
noncredible sources. Sufficient justification of claims is lacking. Argument lacks consistent
unity. There are obvious flaws in the logic. Some sources have questionable credibility.
Argument is orderly, but may have a few inconsistencies. The argument presents minimal
justification of claims. Argument logically, but not thoroughly, supports the purpose.
Sources used are credible. Introduction and conclusion bracket the thesis. Argument shows
logical progressions. Techniques of argumentation are evident. There is a smooth
progression of claims from introduction to conclusion. Most sources are authoritative.
Argument is clear and convincing and presents a persuasive claim in a distinctive and
compelling manner. All sources are authoritative. 5.0 %Mechanics of Writing (includes
spelling, punctuation, grammar, language use) Surface errors are pervasive enough that
they impede communication of meaning. Inappropriate word choice or sentence
construction is used. Frequent and repetitive mechanical errors distract the reader.
Inconsistencies in language choice (register), sentence structure, or word choice are
present. Some mechanical errors or typos are present, but they are not overly distracting to
the reader. Correct sentence structure and audience-appropriate language are used. Prose is
largely free of mechanical errors, although a few may be present. A variety of sentence

3. structures and effective figures of speech are used. Writer is clearly in command of
standard, written, academic English. 10.0 %Format 5.0 %Paper Format (use of appropriate
style for the major and assignment) Template is not used appropriately or documentation
format is rarely followed correctly. Template is used, but some elements are missing or
mistaken; lack of control with formatting is apparent. Template is used, and formatting is
correct, although some minor errors may be present. Template is fully used; There are
virtually no errors in formatting style. All format elements are correct. 5.0 %Documentation
of Sources (citations, footnotes, references, bibliography, etc., as appropriate to assignment
and style) Sources are not documented. Documentation of sources is inconsistent or
incorrect, as appropriate to assignment and style, with numerous formatting errors.
Sources are documented, as appropriate to assignment and style, although some formatting
errors may be present. Sources are documented, as appropriate to assignment and style,
and format is mostly correct. Sources are completely and correctly documented, as
appropriate to assignment and style, and format is free of error. 100 %Total Weightage.
Clinical Problem Research CritiqueClinical problem that Led To the StudyAccording to the
study by Yang et al., (2017), the research problem was a gradual increase in the prevalence
of hypertension among patients seeking primary care. It was understood that hypertension
was a risk factor for cardiovascular illnesses yet it could basically be reduced by up to 42%.
The researchers also mentioned that globally, hypertension was a major risk for heart
diseases and premature deaths since it its initial diagnosis is difficult to make until the
occurrence of medical complications.Reference is made to previous studies which cite
Hypertension as difficult to effectively manage since the ideal management requires that
several patient’s characteristics such as age, sex, exercise, medication adherence, race and
diet are considered, since they also influence cardiovascular risk. According to the
researchers, effective control of blood pressure and reduction of the cardiovascular risk
cannot be achieved through the conventional use of medications alone. Yet, most studies
rarely focus on the effect that lifestyle modification has on the blood pressure control, more
so in East Asia. Clinical Problem Research CritiqueThe significance of the StudyYang et al.,
(2017) estimate that, in the adult global population, 20% has hypertension. Besides, it is a
leading cause of mortality, premature deaths, morbidities and a risk for cardiovascular
disease. In Korea in 2013, this prevalence among adults above 30 years of age was
estimated at 27.3%. It was also noted that hypertension and its complications have huge
amounts of direct and indirect costs.Purpose of the StudyYang et al., (2017) sought to as to
identify the modifications in lifestyle which are linked to effective blood pressure control
and reduce cardiovascular risk among hypertensive patients.Research QuestionsWhich
lifestyle modifications are associated with effective control of blood pressure and reduce
cardiovascular risk among hypertensive patients?Clinical Problem Research CritiqueORDER
A PLAGIARISM- FREE PAPER NOWMethod of StudyQualitative Methods and the Research
Problem The qualitative methods used to answer the research question included the use of
survey’s questions at the initial inquiry followed by outpatient clinic inquiries at the fourth,
eighth and twelfth weeks. Survey questionnaires were filled by the participants at the initial
appointment and additional questionnaires were administered as a follow-up during every
follow-up clinic visit. The information filled included basic characteristics of education,

4. intake of alcohol and tobacco smoking, income, salt intake habits, comorbidities and BMI
(Yang et al., 2017). The IPAQ (International Physical Activity Questionnaire)-short form was
used to evaluate physical activity. Since the research question was to identify the lifestyle
modifications associated with effective control of blood pressure and reduction of
cardiovascular risk among hypertensive patients, the qualitative methods were
appropriate.Clinical Problem Research CritiquePerspective from Which the Study Was
DevelopedPatients with hypertension who had newly been prescribed candesartan were
recruited and retrospectively assessed. Preliminary assessments were done on the lifestyle
of the participants through survey questions with regards to smoking tobacco, taking
alcohol, sodium intake and physical activity. Besides, Yang et al., (2017) specified that the
study was an added analysis of a RCT trial on the effect that reminders through text
messaging using mobile phones had on lifestyle modification and medication compliance
among hypertensive clients.Qualitative and Quantitative Literature Included By the
AuthorYang et al., (2017) cited previous qualitative studies that sought to determine the
effect of enhanced interventions on the screening, management and health behaviors of
newly diagnosed hypertensive patients. This literature cites the positive effects of various
interventions on hypertension management but less significant effects were shown by
lifestyle changes.References UsedAlthough the study by Yang et al., (2017) included
qualitative and quantitative studies which were older than 5 years, the findings were
applicable to this qualitative study.Weaknesses of Available StudiesThe author mentioned
that available studies on the effect of lifestyle modification on the control of hypertension
and cardiovascular risk reduction do not provide sufficient information on how lifestyle
modification can be used as an intervention in the management of hypertension (Yang et al.,
2017). Clinical Problem Research CritiqueAdequate Information In the Literature Review
To Build A Logical ArgumentIn the literature review, the researchers used information from
past and current sources that were related to lifestyle modification in the management of
hypertension. Through the use of this information, it was possible to identify and fill the
potential gaps in knowledge with other studies and the findings of this study thus building a
logical argument.Results of StudyStudy FindingsOut of the 1453 participants, initial blood
pressure data were available for 1139 patients up to 12 weeks. The average population of
the study had were 64 years on average with 60% female and 40% male. Of the 139
participants, the success group had 961(84%) while 178 (16%) were in the failure
group. The baseline characteristics of success and fail groups both showed statistical
significance in terms of gender, age, education, income, use of alcohol, salt intake, BMI,
family history of hypertension, both the fail and success groups showed statistical
significance (Yang et al., 2017). After a thorough analysis of the factors linked to effective
hypertension control using the multivariate approach, salt intake, comorbidity and gender
were linked to fruitful blood pressure control. A univariate approach showed that a high
BMI, Lack of physical activity and high salt intake resulted to a poor blood pressure control
(Yang et al., 2017).Implications To NursingThe findings of this study imply that, in the
clinical management of hypertension, the use of medications alone is not effective to control
blood pressure and unanticipated cardiovascular events. Instead, including lifestyle
modification in the management has proven to be highly effective in reducing

5. cardiovascular risk and effective blood pressure control. Therefore, nurses should
emphasize lifestyle modification interventions alongside the use of medications in
managing effective blood control and cardiovascular risk reduction in hypertensive
patients. Clinical Problem Research CritiqueHow Findings Contribute To Nursing
Knowledge/ScienceThe findings of this study add to the already available knowledge on the
management of hypertension. It also provides knowledge on how cardiovascular
complications can significantly be reduced in hypertensive patients. In clinical nursing
practice, nurses should encourage patients with hypertension to engage in daily aerobic
physical exercise and reduce salt intake. Sympathetic activity tends to reduce through
physical activity which also improves endothelial function. As a result, the risk to
cardiovascular events is gradually reduced. Besides, nurses should recommend dietary
modifications to hypertensive patients with the assistance of nutritionists. Dietary
modification should include: reducing sodium intake, moderating the intake of alcohol,
weight loss through dietary modification thus taking a lot of vegetables, fruits, legumes, low
fats, low snacks and low saturated fats.Clinical Problem Research CritiqueEthical
ConsiderationsThe Institutional Review Board of the Asian Medical Center (2008-0290)
approved this study. Besides, the participants were not required to provide any identifiable
information and this helped to protect patient privacy. Since the patients were not
subjected to any drugs/treatment, no major ethical considerations were included in this
context.ConclusionHypertension is a chronic illness of public significance due to its gradual
increasing prevalence and related medical costs. Maintaining an effective control of blood
pressure with the sole use of medications has proven to be inefficient as individuals are still
exposed to cardiovascular risks which lead to premature deaths and morbidities. It is for
this reason that lifestyle modification should be encouraged alongside hypertension
medication adherence in the management of hypertensive patients. Lifestyle modification
has also proven to reduce cardiovascular risks in hypertensive patients.In clinical practice,
nurses should encourage patients with hypertension to engage in daily aerobic physical
exercise, reduce salt, alcohol and tobacco smoking. Through the guidance of a nutritionist,
patients should also be helped to develop dietary timetables which are low in fat, sugars,
and snacks but high in vegetables and legumes. This also helps in weight reduction and
achieving a normal BMI. These approaches have generally proven to be potential in
improving control of blood pressure, reducing the need for medications and cardiovascular
complications.ReferencesYang, M. H., Kang, S. Y., Lee, J. A., Kim, Y. S., Sung, E. J., Lee, K. Y.,
Kim, J. S., Oh, H. J., Kang, H. C., Lee, S. Y. (2017). The Effect of Lifestyle Changes on Blood
Pressure Control among Hypertensive Patients. Korean journal of family medicine, 38(4),
173-180. Clinical Problem Research Critique