course materials

1. Reducing Hospital Acquired Infections via Hand Disinfection Discussion
Reducing Hospital Acquired Infections via Hand Disinfection DiscussionReducing Hospital
Acquired Infections via Hand Disinfection DiscussionDiscussion: Searching DatabasesWhen
you decide to purchase a new car, you first decide what is important to you. If mileage and
dependability are the important factors, you will search for data focused more on these
factors and less on color options and sound systems.CLICK HERE TO ORDER YOUR
ASSIGNMENTThe same holds true when searching for research evidence to guide your
clinical inquiry and professional decisions. Developing a formula for an answerable,
researchable question that addresses your need will make the search process much more
effective. One such formula is the PICO(T) format.In this Discussion, you will transform a
clinical inquiry into a searchable question in PICO(T) format, so you can search the
electronic databases more effectively and efficiently. You will share this PICO(T) question
and examine strategies you might use to increase the rigor and effectiveness of a database
search on your PICO(T) question.To Prepare:Review the materials offering guidance on
using databases, performing keyword searches, and developing PICO(T) questions provided
in the Resources.Review the Resources for guidance and develop a PICO(T) question of
interest to you for further study.Post your PICO(T) question, the search terms used, and the
names of at least two databases used for your PICO(T) question. Then, describe your search
results in terms of the number of articles returned on original research and how this
changed as you added search terms using your Boolean operators. Finally, explain
strategies you might make to increase the rigor and effectiveness of a database search on
your PICO(T) question. Be specific and provideResources:Melnyk, B. M., & Fineout-Overholt,
E. (2018). Evidence-based practice in nursing & healthcare: A guide to best practice (4th
ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer.Chapter 2, “Asking Compelling Clinical Questions”
(pp. 33–54)Chapter 3, “Finding Relevant Evidence to Answer Clinical Questions” (pp. 55–
92)Davies, K. S. (2011). Formulating the evidence based practice question: A review of the
frameworks for LIS professionals. Evidence Based Library and Information Practice, 6(2),
75–80. https://doi.org/10.18438/B8WS5NNote: You will access this article from the
Walden Library databases.Stillwell, S. B., Fineout-Overholt, E., Melnyk, B. M., & Williamson,
K. M. (2010a). Evidence-based practice, step by step: Asking the clinical question: A key step
in evidence-based practice. American Journal of Nursing, 110(3), 58–61.
doi:10.1097/01.NAJ.0000368959.11129.79Note: You will access this article from the
Walden Library databases.Melnyk, B. M., Fineout-Overholt, E., Stillwell, S. B., & Williamson,
K. M. (2009). Evidence-based practice: Step by step: Igniting a spirit of inquiry. American

2. Journal of Nursing, 109(11), 49–52. doi:10.1097/01.NAJ.0000363354.53883.58Note: You
will access this article from the Walden Library databases.Stillwell, S. B., Fineout-Overholt,
E., Melnyk, B. M., & Williamson, K. M. (2010b). Evidence-based practice, step by step:
Searching for the evidence. American Journal of Nursing, 110(5), 41–47.
doi:10.1097/01.NAJ.0000372071.24134.7eNote: You will access this article from the
Walden Library
databases.https://catalog.loc.gov/vwebv/ui/en_US/htdocs/help/searchBoolean.htmlhttps:
//academicguides.waldenu.edu/az.php?s=19981https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/libr
ary/healthevidence/cinahlsearchhelphttps://academicguides.waldenu.edu/library/healthe
vidence/jbisearchhelphttps://academicguides.waldenu.edu/library/healthevidence/medli
nesearchhelphttps://academicanswers.waldenu.edu/faq/72670https://academicguides.w
aldenu.edu/library/healthevidence/types#s-lg-box-1520654Examples of what my
classmates are posting:Trisha CarrollMain Post Trisha CarrollDiscussion Main PostPICO(T)
FormulaA PICO(T) question uses a format or formula to develop research questions that are
answerable. This formula assists in the evaluation of evidence, making the process easier
and more straightforward (Melnyk, B. & Fineout-Overholt, E. 2018). To break it down P
stands for population or patient problem this part of the formula answers the question of
who is your patient? The I means intervention or what do you plan to do for the patient. The
C stands for comparison, asking what is the alternative to your plan? O means outcome or
what outcome do you seek? Finally, the T stands for time asking what is the time frame?
(Lansing Community College Library, 2020). Nurses are encouraged to use this formula to
create questions that will lead to better clinical care.PICO(T) QuestionCan healthcare
providers decrease the overuse or misuse of antibiotics for treatment of urinary tract
infections in the elderly through proper diagnostic testing versus improper testing within
three months’ time?Search TermsWhen performing research it is important to use specific
key search words. Some keywords used to create this PICOT question include urinary tract
infection, elderly, and antibiotics. These keywords brought forth many useful articles that
relate to the misuse of antibiotics in the elderly due to non-symptomatic bacteriuria.
Bacteriuria is a chronic condition that often occurs within the elderly when bacteria in the
bladder becomes colonized, yet does not cause negative signs and symptoms that are
associated with a urinary tract infection. Alternative keywords used include bacteriuria
andDatabasesCINAHL plus is a useful database in the research of healthcare issues (Walden
University Library. n.d.). After using specific keywords 78 articles were found, at least half
of these being relevant to this PICOT question. MEDLINE is another commonly used
database to assist in healthcare-related research (Walden University Library. n.d.). After
using the same key search words, 164 articles were found. Many of these articles were the
same articles found through the CINAHL database. This database found multiple articles
related to antibiotic resistance. After altering search words, another 173 articles were found
through this database.Boolean OperatorsThe use of Boolean operators assists a researcher
by providing more focused and productive results. Boolean operators are simple words,
they are used as conjunctions to combine or exclude keywords in a search. These operators
help to narrow down search results to reduce time spent researching and scanning through
databases (Library of Congress. n.d.)StrategiesTo help find more systematic reviews one

3. can use filtered databases such as the Cochrane Database of System Reviews instead of
unfiltered databases. When unfiltered databases are used there are additional limiters that
a researcher can set that will refine the search to systematic reviews (Walden University
Library. n.d.). Systematic reviews refine large quantities of data into a single document.
Clinical decisions are summarized and clinical questions are reviewed through the analysis
of specific criteria (Walden University Library. n.d.). Through the use of these strategies,
articles can be found that are direct and related to the PICOT question above. These
strategies will help to minimize the time spent researching and filtering through articles to
find more relevant information.References:Lansing Community College Library. (2020).
Nursing: PICOT. Retrieved on 3/17/20 from https://libguides.lcc.edu/nursingLibrary of
Congress. (n.d.). Search/browse help- Boolean operators and nesting. Retrieved on 3/17/20
from http://catalog.loc.gov/vwebv/ui/en_US/htdocs/searc…Melnyk, B. M., & Fineout-
Overholt, E. (2018). Evidence-based practice in nursing & healthcare: A guide to best
practice (4th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer.Walden University Library. (n.d.-c.).
Evidence-Based practice research: CINAHL search help. Retrieved 3/17/20
from https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/library/healthe…Walden University Library.
(n.d.-c.). Evidence-Based practice research: MEDLINE search help. Retrieved 3/17/20
from https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/library/healthe…Walden University Library.
(n.d.-h.). Quick Answers: How do I find a systematic review article related to health,
medicine, or nursing? Retrieved on 3/17/20
from https://academicanswers.waldenu.edu/faq/72670Walden University Library. (n.d.-i).
Systematic Review. Retrieved 3/17/20
from https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/library/healthevidence/types#s-lg-
box1520654