This document provides an overview of the topics of food and shelter throughout history. It discusses how early people secured food through hunting and gathering and how foods were stored and served in ancient cultures like China and Greece. Various forms of art depicting food are presented, from still lifes showing food as luxury to Zen paintings focusing on simplicity. Architectural examples of shelters through time are also examined, from ancient structures like Catal Huyuk to modern buildings like Wright's Fallingwater. Postmodern approaches to architecture aiming to incorporate the past are discussed at the end.

1. Food and Shelter
CHAPTER SIX

2. Food
Securing the Food Supply
Storing and Serving Food
Art that Glorifies Food
Art and the Act of Eating
CHAPTER SIX

3. Hall of Bulls, c.15,000 BCE Lascaux, Dordogne, France
Early people hunted wild animals and gathered berries, seeds,
fruits and plants for food.
Securing the Food Supply

4. Sue Coe, There is No Escape, from Porkopolis series, 1987
Harsh indictment of the contemporary meat industry.
Clearly Coe’s sympathized are with the pigs.

5. Terracotta hydria (water jar) c.510; black figure
Among the many changes brought to the city of Athens in the Archaic era was an
improved water system and new public fountains. During the latter part of the sixth
century B.C., scenes of women at a fountain house became very popular on black-
figure vases. Here women gather to chat and to fill their hydria.
Storing/Serving Food

6. Three-Legged Ting with Cover, Zhou Dynasty, China, 6th c. BCE
Ancient Chinese bronze vessel for storing liquids, such as ritual wine.
Placed near a shrine of deceased ancestors to receive blessings for a successful crop
or good health.

7. Ancient Chinese bronze vessel for storing liquids, such as ritual wine.
Ancient Greek, Women at the Fountain House (c.520BCE), ceramic hydria.
Storing/Serving Food

8. Lidded Saltcellar, 15th-16th c. Sierra Leone, ivory
In the second half of the 15th c., Portuguese
explorers and traders were impressed by the
considerable talent of ivory carvers they
encountered along the coast of W. Africa—they
commissioned works which combine both
European aesthetics and forms with those of
Africa.
Top—European-looking rose
Lower—African snakes spirits believed to bring
immense riches to those who control them

9. Warhol, Vegetarian Vegetable from
Campbell’s Soup II, 1969
Warhol appropriated images from
American popular culture.
Dress, ca. 1966–67

10. ART THAT GLORIFIES FOOD

11. Jan Davidsz de Heem, Still Life: A Banqueting Scene, 1670s (Baroque period)
Display of wealth and abundance—food as refined taste.

12. Wayne Thiebaud, Pie Counter, 1963
In 1961, Thiebaud’s food paintings—cakes, pies, candy, etc. painted with
thick paint in bright colors—were a big hit in New York. Some scholars
called him a Pop artist because he painted popular consumer goods, he
said he painted them out of nostalgia; they reminded him of his boyhood
and the best of America.

13. Compare—food as luxury vs. food as nostalgia
Neither show food as nutrition for the body.

14. Mu-Qi, Six Persimmons, 13th c.
Ink on paper, Southern Song Dynasty
During the late Song Dynasty, Zen
monks took to painting as a form of
self-expression. They worked
towards a highly reduced form of
brush painting—just as Zen was the
most stripped-down form of
Buddhism. Mu-Qi is celebrated as
the ultimate in painterly simplicity.
Six persimmons are represented by
ink lines and washes so elementary
that it seems child-like—yet the
rendering and placement of the
persimmons was an unprecedented
artistic innovation.

15. Art and the Act of Eating

16. Leonardo, Last Supper, 1495-98
Ritual meal as a religious ceremony.
Composition—formal and symmetrical.

17. Edward Weston, Artichoke halved, 1930
In 1934, Weston wrote that a photograph should be “sharply focused, clearly
defined from edge to edge, from nearest object to most distant. It should
have a smooth or glossy surface to better reveal the amazing textures and
details to be found only in a photograph. Its value should be clear cut, subtle
or brilliant never veiled.”
West Coast photographer and member of Group F:64

18. Judy Chicago, Dinner Party, 1974-79
Imaginary, formal meal to celebrate significant women in Western culture
39 place settings (13x3)
Triangle

19. Duane Hanson, Self-Portrait with Model, 1979
The figures cast in fiberglass, painted and clothed…quite literally inhabit the
viewer’s space. Detractors may liken his work to figures in a wax museum, the
content of his sculptures is more complex and expressive than that normally
found in waxworks.

20. Janine Antoni, Gnaw 1992
Three-part installation: 600 lbs. of chocolate gnawed by the artist; 600 lbs. of
lard gnawed by the artist; display with 130 lipsticks made with pigment,
beeswax, and chewed lard removed from the lard cube; 27 heart-shaped
packages made from the chewed chocolate removed from the chocolate cube.
It seemed to embody desire for the viewer and what happens if you succumb to
that desire. You get fat!

21. Pieter Bruegel the Elder, The Harvesters, 1565
One of a series of paintings representing the month.
A visual meditation of near and far.
Near—real people, exhausted, intoxicated, hungry, and working
Far—rolling world of corn and wood spreading to the harbor—the beautiful
world in which we are privileged to live—potential earthly paradise.

22. Renior, Luncheon of the Boating Party, 1880-81
Reflects the changing character of French society. The restaurant welcomed customers
of many classes, including businessmen, society women, artists, actresses, writers,
critics, seamstresses, and shop girls. The diverse group embodied a new, modern
Parisian society.

23. SHELTER

24. MOSHE SAFDIE, Habitat, designed for
Expo’67 Montreal
Modern version of group living—
stacked modular living units that open
onto gardens on the roofs of other
units.

25. Catal Huyuk, 6,000-5,000BCE (Turkey)
Deliberate city planning took place here. There were rooftop walkways/no
streets. Preliterate society.

26. Pueblo Bonito, Anasazi, New Mexico, 11th c.
Ceremonial fortress reserved for the Anasazi elite.
Built all in one piece over the rubble of previous construction.

27. Dogan Cliff Dwellings with Granaries, Mali, Africa, 13th c.
Adobe houses, shrines, granaries
Flat land is reserved for farming
Unused buildings deteriorated quickly and return to the earth.

28. Roman villa,
Airy courtyards, gardens and artwork
Distinguished the villas of the
Wealthy in ancient Rome

29. INDIVIDUAL HOUSES

30. PALLADIO, Villa Rotunda, Vicenza, Italy,
1552
Renaissance villa—looks back to Greece
and Rome

31. Tomb Model of a House, Eastern
Han Dynasty, China, 15-220CE.
Ceramic 52x33x27”
Verticality and emphasis on roof
design typical of Han Dynasty
house design.

32. Decorated façade of Toba Batak House, Sumatra, Indonesia, c.19th c.

33. Tipi cover, N. Amer. Sioux, c.1880
Decorated with tipis and equestrian warrior figures.

34. Frank Lloyd Wright, Fallingwater, 1936-38
Kaufmann House, PA
Wright believed that houses should be unified
wholes that merge into their natural settings.
Influenced by Chinese and Japanese
architecture, esp. in its cantilevered porches.

35. Commercial Architecture

36. Interior of Markets of Trajan, Rome, 10-112 CE
Concrete construction, arches, vaults—expolited by the Romans to
construct massive buildings.
Concrete was cheap, flexible and fireproof

37. Louis H. Sullivan, Carson Pirie Scott
and Company, 1904, CHI
One of the 1st Modern high-rise
buildings
“FORM FOLLOWS FUNCTION”
Steel framework
Non-load-bearing walls (skin over
bones)
Height emphasized over horizontal

38. Fuller, U.S. Pavilion, Montreal Expo ’67
Nearly spherical dome, 250’ diameter

39. Ludwig Mies van der
Rohe, Seagram Building,
1954-1958
INTERNATIONAL STYLE
Generally the rectangle
dominated architectural
design—
Spare, rectangular shafts
of steel and glass devoid
of ornamentation
Street-level plazas
NEW, MODERN, HEROIC--
UTOPIAN

40. I.M.Pei, Bank of China, 1989 Hong
Kong
Resistance to the International Style
Rectangle is dissolved into triangles
and diagonals
Triangles form the basis of the visual
design and physical structure of the
building
Base subdivided into four equal
triangular sections

41. POSTMODERNISM—late 20th c. movement in which art forms were deconstructed to be
analyzed and potentially reinterpreted and reconstructed.
Charles Moore, Piazza d’Italia, New Orleans, 1975-1980
Presence of the past—Roman, Italian Renaissance, 20th c. entertainment sites
‘LESS IS MORE was replaced with LESS IS BORE”

43. The Italian American Marching Club held a pre-parade celebration at Piazza d'Italia in New
Orleans on Sunday March 13, 2011 for the crowning of their queen and introduction of royalty.
Queen Lindsay Russo and "Caesar" Armando Asaro wave to the crowd during the presentation.