SOCIAL GROUP AND TYPES
OF SOCIAL GROUP

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SOCIAL GROUP
Two or more people who interact with one another,
share similar characteristics and collectively have a
sense of unity.

SOCIOLOGICAL CRITERIA
OF A GROUP
 Two or more freely interacting people (Interdependently -
interact and influence each other);
 Mutually accountable for achieving common goals;
 Common Identity;
 Collective Norms

What
Makes
People
Join
Groups?
Status
Security
Power
Goal
Achievement
Self-
Esteem
Affiliation

TYPES OF GROUP

PRIMARY GROUPS
• Traits
• Small
• Personal orientation (waqfiet)
• Enduring (long lasting)
• Frequent interaction
• Face-to-face
• Intimate (closeness)
• Sense of belonging
• Emotional orientation: bond based on emotions
• Loyalty
• Primary relationships
• First group experienced in life
• Irreplaceable
• Security
• Assistance of all kinds
• Emotional to financial
Example: the family.

SECONDARY GROUPS
• Traits
• Large membership: larger than primary groups
• Goal or activity orientation (students team)
• impersonal and formal
• Infrequent interaction
• Secondary relationships
• Weak emotional ties between persons
• Short term
• Importance
• Networking
• Career goals
Examples: co-workers, political organizations

IN-GROUPS AND OUT-GROUPS
• In-group
• “group with which people identify and have a
sense of belonging”
• pronoun “WE”
• Out-group
• “group that people do not identify with
• pronoun “THEY”
-Loyalty to INGROUP
-Opposition to OUTGROUPS

REFERENCE GROUPS
A standard to evaluate ourselves.
Reference groups are used in order to evaluate and
determine the nature of a given individual or other
group's characteristics and sociological attributes. It is
the group to which the individual relates or aspires to
relate himself or herself psychologically. It becomes
the individual's frame of reference .

PRESSURE GROUPS
It is an organized group of people who are trying to
persuade a government or other authority to do something,
for example to change a law....an environmental pressure
group. (Illegal power
Taliban, mqm,
Pressure Groups plays a direct role in political
life. People organize social movements,
interest groups and pressure groups in order to
influence the government. ...

INFORMAL AND FORMAL
GROUPS
Informal groups are the natural grouping of people.
Whenever people interact and work together over a
certain period of time, it’s very natural for them and it
comes very spontaneously for them, that they form
informal groups.

FORMAL GROUP:
A FORMAL GROUP IS THE
DELIBERATE AND
SYSTEMATIC GROUPING OF
PEOPLE IN AN ORGANIZATION SO
THAT ORGANIZATIONAL GOALS
CAN BE ACHIEVED IN A BETTER
WAY.

THANKS