The document summarizes the development of early civilizations in China, Nubia, and the Americas between 2200-250 BCE. In China, the Shang Dynasty ruled from 1750-1027 BCE in the Yellow River Valley and established oracle bone writing. The Zhou Dynasty then overthrew the Shang and split into the Western and Eastern Zhou periods. Philosophies like Confucianism, Daoism, and Legalism emerged. In Nubia, the Kingdom of Kush developed south of Egypt and the Kingdom of Meroë later ruled as far north as Egypt. The Olmec civilization in Mesoamerica built cities along the Gulf coast and established complex architecture, calendars, and sculpture. In

1. New Civilizations in the Eastern and Western Hemispheres 2200-250 B.C.E.

2. New Civilizations Early China

10. Shang Writing Systems

20. New Civilizations Nubia 3100 B.C.E. – 350 C.E.

25. Kushite Pyramids

29. First Civilizations of the Americas The Olmec and Chavin 1200-250 B.C.E.

31. Map of Olmec Territory

34. Olmec Sculpture

36. Chavín Art