1. Created By:
Civil Er. Ashis Kashyap
2016

2. 1. Introduction
2. Components of GIS
3. Components of Maps
4. Information in a Digital Map
5. GIS Applications in Urban Planning
6. Conclusion

3. • GIS means Geographic Information System
•It integrates:
1. Hardware
2. Software
3. Data
•It is used for:
1. Capturing
2. Managing
3. Analyzing
4. Displaying
Geographically referenced information

4. 1. Hardware
2. Software
3. Data
4. People
5. Method

6.  Computer System on which GIS Software runs
 Personal Computers to Super Computers
 Scanner, Digitizer Board, Printers, Plotters,
etc. are the peripherals Devices
 All information are stored in standard
Computer Formats e.g. JPEG, BMP, PDF, etc.

8.  GIS software provides the functions & tools to
handle GIS data
 Examples MapInfo®, ARC Info®, AutoCAD
Map®, etc.
 For low cost work MapInfo ®
 For Extensive analysis ARC Info ®

10.  Data are the raw facts & figures
 Geographic Tabular data can be collected
from Locations
 Map objects can also be attached to Digital
data
 DBMS is the effective way to store data
 DBMS means Database Management System

12.  GIS user range from Technical specialist to
Administrator
 Broadly 2 classes:
1. CAD/GIS Operator. Whose work is to vectorise
map objects.
2. GIS Engineer. Who query & analyze works.

14.  Map creation can be done by:
1. Automated raster
2. Vector Creator
3. Manually vectorised
4. Survey agency

15. i. Scale
ii. Map resolution
iii. Map accuracy

16.  Scale is used to show a portion of Earth’s
surface on map
 R.F (Representative Fraction) is used to draw
map
 Map scale denotes how much given area
has been reduced
 Cartographers divide scale in:
1. Small-scale maps =1:1,000,000
2. Medium-scale maps =1:75,000 to
1:1,000,000
3. Large-scale maps = 1:75,000

17.  It refers to how accurately the location &
shape of map features can be depicted for a
given map scale
 As map scale decreases, map resolution
decreases

18.  It covers Quality of source data, map scale,
drafting skills & width of lines on Ground
 Fine drafting pen draws lines at 1/100 of an
inch

19. 1. Geographic Information, gives position &
shapes of specific geographic features
2. Attribute Information, gives additional non-
geographic information about each feature
3. Display Information, describes appearance
of features on screen

20.  Planning of project
 Make better decisions
 Visual Analysis
 Spatial Analysis
 Improve Organizational Integration

21.  GIS is useful in detailed
planning stage
 Thematic maps can be
generated e.g. Soil
composition, Vegetation,
population density,
Topography, etc.
 Surface Length, width & area
can be calculated

22.  “Better Information leads to better decisions”
 Information presentation, Planning inquiries,
Resolve border issues, etc. helps in wise
decisions
 Query & analyze map data when required

23.  Using DTM (Digital Terrain Modeling)
landscapes can be better visualised
 Calculations such as potential lakes volume,
soil erosion volume, earthwork volume
(channels, dams, roads, landslides),
Hydrological modeling becomes easy

24.  Identify trends on the data
 Create new relationships from the data
 View complex relationships between data sets
 Make better decisions

25.  Improved management
of the organization
resources by GIS
Technology
 Interdepartmental
information sharing
 Data can be used several
times
 Increase in productivity
due to reduced data
redundancy, fast access
& information Reliability

26.  GIS is a very versatile tool which can be
implemented for better Map creation
 It gives us to query & analyze various
information
 GIS Technology helps in taking better
decisions
 Results in higher Productivity of an
Organization