1. A Presentation on The Market Survey of Building Construction Materials:
Lime And Mortar
Team Members:
Abhishekh Subedi (PUR077BAR004) Achutam Giri (PUR077BAR005)
Bibisha Tamang (PUR077BAR010) Govinda Budhathoki (PUR077BAR016)
Prayush Giri (PUR077BAR028) Priyanka Giri (PUR077BAR030)
Soniya Shrestha (PUR077BAR043) Suman Shankar (PUR077BAR044)
IOE-TU
Purwanchal Campus
Department Of Architecture-Batch 2077
Dharan-8, Sunsari
Submitted to:
Mr. Suman Limbu
Building Materials-I

2. Building Materials:
Materials used in construction process are building materials. Many naturally occurring
as well as industrial products are being used in building Works. Some of the materials
are:
1. Rock 2. Wood 3. Mud and clay 4. Lime 5. Sand
6. Cement 7. Concrete 8. Glass
9. Metal 10. Paints and many more.
Fig:
Building
materials

3. LIME
Lime is a calcium-containing inorganic mineral composed
primarily of oxides, and
hydroxide, usually calcium oxide and/ or calcium hydroxide.
The use of Lime as
cementing material has been made since ancient times
Properties Of lime
1 It has good plastic properties.
2 It stiffens quite easily in a short
time.
3 It has good adhering properties
with both stone and bricks.
4 It can withstand moisture easily.
5 It is easily workable.
Sources of lime:
1. Lime stone from
stone hills.
2.Boulders of
limestones from
beds of old rivers.
3. Kankar found
below the ground.
4. Shells of sea
animals.
Fig: Lime powder
Fig: Limestones

4. 1. Lime for sculptures 2. Lime-sand mortar 3. Lime plastering 4. Lime-stone bricks
Uses Of lime
Classification Of limes
1 Fat Lime:
1 It hardens very slowly.
2 It has a high degree of plasticity.
3 Its colour is perfectly white.
4 It sets slowly in the presence of
air.
5 It slakes vigorously.
2 Hydraulic lime: This lime is
also known as water lime as it
sets under water.
1 It hardens slowly.
2 It possesses hydraulic property.
3 Its colour is not as white as fat
lime.
3 Poor lime: This lime is known as
impure or lean lime as it contains
more than
30% of clay. It slakes very slowly. It
doesn't dissolve in water. It hardens
or
sets very slowly. It has poor binding
properties and its colour is muddy
white.

5. Mortar
This is primarily a mixture of sand and cement
(can also include lime) that is used
to bond brickwork and block work together to
form walls and other structures. Water
is also added to the mix to activate the
cement and make the whole mixture harden.
Mortar
Making
Process
6
1 2
3
4
5

6. Sand:
Sand is a granular material composed of finely divided rock and mineral-
particles. Sand has various compositions but is defined by its grain size. Sand
grains are smaller than gravel and coarser than slit.
Source of sand: Riversides (mainly)
Extractors : Crusher Industries
Photographs from Purwanchal sand crusher udhyog
Types of sand used in Mortar:
Soft (Builder Soil)
used for bricklaying mortar,
building foundations, for
paving slabs, wall rendering.
It is a smooth kind of sand
and has cohesive properties.
Sharp soil
It has a gritty feel. It is used
in concrete and can also be
used for rendering walls and
floors.

7. Cement:
Cement is the backbone of all types of building materials. It helps to
hold all the building materials together
Scenario in Nepal
Cement production in Nepal has been growing sharply over the past few years.
The industry is among the country's most flourishing business sectors as the
demand for cement is constantly rising. The Nepali cement industry is growing
strong due to the increased demand post-earthquake. In addition, some major
projects in hydropower and road network expansion and other construction
initiatives taken by the government have been contributing to the growth.
Photograph of Shivam Cement Factory
Common Types Of Cement:
1. OPC Cement
2. PPC Cement
3. PSC Cement

8. Market Survey:
Lime:
Industrial Scale:
1. Hetauda chun udhyog:
Their quarry site is located at Nibutar village about
13 km from Hetauda.
The capacity of plant is 60 tone per day powder.
The industry produces high quality calcite,
dolomite and lime powder
which they supply to agriculture, cosmetic, colour
and cement industries.
2. Shivam Cement’s Limestone mine:
The Shivam company is provided with high quality
limestone from its self owned
mines situated at Sukoura and Ipa Panchakanya
Districts.
This is indian brand
lime which is
imported to nepal and
mostly sold in terai
region.

9. Conclusions from market survey of
lime:
1. It is not readily available due
to decrease in its use.
2. Its cheap material.
3. Construction limestones are
imported by cement factories
in large scale.
4. Poultry and agricultural limes
are easily available.

10. Market Survey of Cement:
Some famous cement Brands of Nepal:

11. PRICE of PPC and OPC cement ( Rs per 50 kg sack) according to Brand:
Brand : Advance Cement
1. Advance OPC Cement; Price: Rs. 700-730
2. Advance PPC Cement; Price: Rs. 630- 775
Brand :Agni Cement
1. Agni PPC Cement; Price: Rs. 570-740
2. Alfa OPC Cement; Price: Rs. 670- 800
Brand :Ambe Cement
1. Ambe HI-Tech OPC Cement; Price: Rs. 730- 800
2. Ambe PPC Cement; Price: Rs. 640- 710
3. Ambe OPC Cement; Price: Rs. 715-810
Brand :Ambuja Cement
1. Ambuja OPC Cement; Price: Rs. 690- 795
Brand :Arghakhanchi Cements
1. Arghakhachi PPC Cement; Price: Rs. 590-720
2. Arghakhachi OPC Cement; Price: Rs. 690-815
Brand :Riddhi Siddhi Cement
1. Riddhi Siddhi OPC Cement; Price: Rs. 700-830
2. Riddhi Siddhi PPC Cement; Price: Rs. 690-710
Brand :Goenka Cement
1. Goenka PPC Cement; Price: Rs. 610- 710
2. Goenka Cement PPC; Price: Rs. 650
3. Goenka PSC Cement; Price: Rs. 640-715
4. Goenka OPC Cement; Price: Rs. 800-810
Brand :Hongshi Shivam Cement
1. Hongshi PPC Cement; Price: Rs. 520-710
2. Hongshi OPC Cement; Price: Rs. 630-810
3. Hongshi Cement; Price: Rs. 520
Brand : Maruti Cements
1. Maruti OPC Cement; Price: Rs. 740-875
2. Maruti PPC Cement; Price: 700
Brand :Hetauda Cement
1. Hetauda OPC Cement; Price: Rs. 840-950
Brand : Bishal Cements
1. Ashoka PPC Cement: Price; Rs. 700
2. Bishal Shakti PPC Cement; Price: Rs. 640-700
4. Bishal OPC Cement; Price: Rs. 670-810
Brand :Buddha Cement
1. Buddha OPC Cement; Price: Rs. 700-800
2. Buddha PPC Cement; Price: Rs. 680-720
3. Apex OPC Cement; Price: Rs. 790
Brand :CG Cement
1. CG PPC Cement; Price: Rs. 650-730
2. CG OPC Cement; Price: Rs. 750-830
Brand :Mangalam Cement
1. Mangalam PPC Cement; Price: Rs. 580-675
2. Mangalam OPC Cement; Price: Rs. 680-760
Brand : Nirman Cement
1. Nirman PPC Cement; Price: Rs. 520-740
2. Nirman OPC Cement; Price: Rs. 620-780
Brand :Pyuthan Cement
1. Pyuthan PPC Cement; Price: Rs. 670-700
2. Pyuthan OPC Cement; Price: Rs. 770-800
Brand :Sarbottam Cement
1. Sarbottam PPC Cement; Price: Rs. 590-750
2. Sarbottam OPC Cement; Price: Rs. 720-850
3. Sarbottam PSC Cement; Price: Rs. 750
Brand :Brij Cement
1. Brij PPC Cement; Price: Rs. 640-790
2. Brij Cement PPC; Price: Rs. 680
3. Brij Super Kings PPC Cement; Price: Rs. 650
4. Brij Super Premium OPC Cement; Price: Rs. 775-820
Brand : Ghorahi Cements
1. Sagarmatha Gold PPC Cement; Price: Rs. 650-700
2. Sagarmatha OPC Cement; Price: Rs. 800
Brand :Jagdamba Cement
1. Jagdamba Ultra Premium OPC Cement; Price: Rs.
650-830
3. Jagdamba PPC Cement; Price: Rs. 610-750
4. Shubha Shree Jagdamba PSC Cement; Price: Rs.
660-700
6. Shubha Shree Everlast PSC Cement; Price: Rs. 700
7. Jagdamba PSC Cement; Price: Rs. 740
Brand :Shalimar Cement
1. Shalimar PPC Cement; Price: Rs. 600-700
2. Shalimar OPC Cement; Price: Rs. 700-800
Brand : Shivam Cement
1. Shivam OPC Cement Grade 53; Price: Rs. 770-950
2. Shivam OPC Cement Grade 43; Price: Rs. 740-915
3. Shivam OPC Cement; Price: Rs. 780-850
Suppliers:
Almost every hardware sells
popular cement brands and
locally available cement brand.
The price difference may vary
according to seller and location.
There are other many small scale
cement industries which are not
mentioned above and these
brands are sold by local
suppliers in their local area. Also
Nowadays, Sellers are selling
cements and other building
materials on online platforms too.
Conclusion of Market survey of cement
Nepal has so far been self reliant on cement in today’s date.
There are a large number of
cement industries running acros the country. Some brands
are exporting their products to
foreign countries like India and doing good in nepali market
too with high quality products.
The price difference is not drastic but while buying for a
large scale, its worth considering.
So, people are upto their own choice while buying cement
for their building purposes.

12. Market Survey of sand
1. Purwanchal Crusher Udhyog:
2. Dangali Hardware pvt. ltd

13. Online Suppliers
1. Shrestha International
Sitapaila, Kathmandu
Double wash sand-
Rs 25400 per tipper
3. Gitti Baluwa bikri Kendra

14. Prajapati Dhuwani Sewa
Kathmandu
Sand- Rs 26000 per tipper
Conclusion After Market Survey of Sand:
Sand is readily available material and can be found of different scales as per
building work requirement. Price may vary according to seller and the source
of sand. Also, Suppliers are concerned about the illegal black market trade
of sand and it has to be stopped.

15. Major Findings
1. Lime is not readily available nowadays and there is lack of
lime industries in Nepal.
2. Lime is not used commonly nowadays because cement
does all the work and for plaster, people use white cement or
primer.
3. Price of Sand differs according to the place and source. So
it is necessary to consult with contractors and engineers about
it before buying.
4. Sand is being illegally extracted from rivers and is being
sold at BLACK. This is affecting the rivers badly and every
suppliers are concerned about it.
5. Cement is doing great business in Nepal and it is helping to
uplift the economy of the country.
6. Unlike lime, Cement is easily available at every place.
7. Nepal is doing great in Technology too as construction
materials are also being sold in online platforms.
Recommendations
1. As there is greater possibility of lime findings in
Nepal, Lime industries
should be increased so that Nepal can be self reliant
on it.
2. Government should make strict policies on
controlling illegal extraction of sand, rocks etc.
3. The cement industries in Nepal are doing great so
there must be increase in their export.

16. Conclusion
We sincerely appreciate your attention today and
this brings to the end of our presentation.
Thank you so much for your interest and
attention!
Presentation font: Helvetica neue
Refrences:
diydoctor.org.uk
wikipedia.com
nepalconstructions.com
gharpedia.com
housingnepal.com
gharbanau.com
ERC B-Arch 2077
Group “Lime and Mortar”