Schizophrenia: Hallucinations and Delusion

1. Name- Mohalkar Adesh Gopal
Roll no. 54/19
Topic- Schizophrenia:
Hallucinations and Delusions
Under guidance- Dr. Kature sir

2. Chapter Outline
Chapter : Schizophrenia
I. Descriptions of Schizophrenia
II. Hallucinations and Delusions
III. Types and Symptoms
IV. Treatment of Schizophrenia

3. • Major disturbances in thought, emotion, and
behavior
• Disordered thinking
• Ideas not logically related
• Faulty perception and attention
• Lack of emotional expressiveness
• Inappropriate or flat emotions
• Disturbances in movement or behavior
• Disheveled appearance
• Can disrupt interpersonal relationships, diminish
capacity to work or live independently
• Significantly increased rates of suicide and death
Schizophrenia

4. Learn how to recognize the varying types of
halluncinations and delusions that are among
the most common symptoms of schizophrenia

6. Hallucinations
Hallucinations are defined as
experiences and sensations that
are not perceivable to others. To
the person experiencing them,
however, they may seem real,
urgent, and vivid. Roughly 70% of
people with schizophrenia will
experience hallucinations

7. Types of hallucinations:
Auditory
hallucinations
Visual hallucinations
Olfactory
hallucinations
Tactile hallucinations
01
03
02
04

8. Delusions
Delusions are
defined as beliefs
that conflict with
reality. Delusions
are one of the
most common
symptoms of
schizophrenia.
These beliefs might

9. Persecutory
delusions
Erotomanic
delusions
Somatic delusions Grandiose delusions
Types of delusions:
02
01
03 04

10. How to Help a Loved One
Try to stay calm and avoid
feeling overwhelmed,
confused, or fearful of
someone experiencing
hallucinations or delusions.
A tranquil disposition can
help the individual connect
to reality

11. The Brain and Schizophrenia

12. Dopamine Theory of Schizophrenia

13. Three major clusters of symptoms:
• Positive
• Negative
• Disorganized

14. Treatment of Schizophrenia:
● First-generation antipsychotic medications
(neuroleptics; 1950s)
○ Phenothiazines (Thorazine),
butyrophenones (Haldol), thioxanthenes
(Navane)
■ Reduce agitation, violent behavior
■ Block dopamine receptors
■ Little effect on negative symptoms
● Extrapyramidal side effects
○ Tardive dyskinesia
○ Neuroleptic malignant syndrome

15. • Second-generation antipsychotics
• Clozapine (Clozaril)
• Impacts serotonin receptors
• Fewer motor side effects
• Less treatment noncompliance
• Reduces relapse
• Side effects
• Can impair immune symptom functioning
• Seizures, dizziness, fatigue, drooling, weight
gain
• Newer medications may improve cognitive
function:
• Olanzapine (Zyprexa)

16. Summary of Major Schizophrenia
Drugs

17. Thank
you