2. VACCINES
• A vaccine is a biological preparation that improves
immunity to a particular disease.
• A vaccine typically contains an agent that resembles a
disease-causing microorganism, and is often made
from weakened or killed forms of the microbe, its
toxins or one of its surface proteins.
• The agent stimulates the body's immune system to
recognize the agent as foreign, destroy it, and
"remember" it, so that the immune system can more
easily recognize and destroy any of these
microorganisms that it later encounters.
3. TYPES OF VACCINES
• Live-attenuated vaccines
• Inactivated vaccines
• Subunit, recombinant, polysaccharide, and
conjugate vaccines
• Toxoid vaccines
4. Live-attenuated vaccines
• Live vaccines use a weakened (or attenuated)
form of the germ that causes a disease.
• But live vaccines also have some limitations. For
example:
• Because they contain a small amount of the
weakened live virus, some people should talk to
their health care provider before receiving them,
such as people with weakened immune systems,
long-term health problems, or people who’ve had
an organ transplant
5. Live vaccines are used to protect
against:
• Measles, mumps, rubella (MMR combined
vaccine)
• Rotavirus
• Smallpox
• Chickenpox
• Yellow fever
6. Inactivated vaccines
• Inactivated vaccines use the killed version of
the germ that causes a disease.
• Inactivated vaccines are used to protect
against:
• Hepatitis A
• Flu (shot only)
• Polio (shot only)
• Rabies
7. Subunit, recombinant, polysaccharide,
and conjugate vaccines
• Subunit, recombinant, polysaccharide, and
conjugate vaccines use specific pieces of the
germ — like its protein, sugar, or capsid (a
casing around the germ).
• One limitation of these vaccines is that you
may need booster shots to get ongoing
protection against diseases
8. These vaccines are used to protect
against:
• Hib (Haemophilus influenzae type b) disease
• Hepatitis B
• HPV (Human papillomavirus)
• Whooping cough (part of the DTaP combined
vaccine)
• Pneumococcal disease
• Meningococcal disease
• Shingles
9. Toxoid vaccines
• Toxoid vaccines use a toxin (harmful product)
made by the germ that causes a disease. They
create immunity to the parts of the germ that
cause a disease instead of the germ itself. That
means the immune response is targeted to the
toxin instead of the whole germ.
• Toxoid vaccines are used to protect against:
• Diphtheria
• Tetanus
10. IMPORTANCE
• Immunizations can save your child’s life. Because of
advances in medical science, your child can be protected
against more diseases than ever before.
• Vaccination is very safe and effective. Vaccines are only
given to children after a long and careful review by
scientists, doctors, and healthcare professionals.
• Immunization protects others you care about.
• Immunizations can save your family time and money. A
child with a vaccine-preventable disease can be denied
attendance at schools or child care facilities
• Immunization protects future generations. Vaccines have
reduced and, in some cases, eliminated many diseases that
killed or severely disabled people just a few generations
ago. For example, smallpox vaccination eradicated that
disease worldwide
13. SCHEDULE
Birth
• HepB: Hepatitis B vaccine.
• 1–2 months
• HepB: Second dose should be given 1 to 2 months after the
first dose.
2 months
• DTaP: Diphtheria, tetanus, and acellular pertussis vaccine
• Hib: Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine
• IPV: Inactivated poliovirus vaccine
• PCV: Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine
• RV: Rotavirus vaccine
14. 4 months
• DTaP: Diphtheria, tetanus, and acellular pertussis vaccine
• Hib: Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine
• IPV: Inactivated oolioviruss vaccines
• PCV: Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine
• RV: Rotaviruss vaccines
•
6 months
• DTaP: Diphtheria, tetanus, and acellular pertussis vaccine
• Hib: : Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccines
• PCV: Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine
• RV: Rotaviruss vaccines
6 months and annually
• Influenza (Flu): The flu vaccine is recommended every year for children 6
months and older
6–18 months
• HepB
• IPV: Inactivated oolioviruss vaccines
15. 12–15 months
• Hib: Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine
• MMR: Measles, mumps, and rubella (German measles) vaccine
• PCV: Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine
• Chickenpox (varicella)
12–23 months
• HepA: Hepatitis A vaccine; given as two shots at least 6 months apart
15–18 months
• DTaP: Diphtheria, tetanus, and acellular pertussis vaccine
16. 4–6 years
• DTaP: Diphtheria, tetanus, and acellular pertussis vaccine
• MMR: Measles, mumps, and rubella (German measles)
vaccine
• IPV: Inactivated oolioviruss vaccines
• Varicella
11–12 years
• HPV: Human papillomavirus vaccine
• Tdap: Tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis booster. Also
recommended during each pregnancy a woman has.
• Meningococcal conjugate vaccine: And a booster dose is
recommended at age 16.
16–18 years
• Meningococcal B vaccine (MenB)
