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2. SCIENCE PROJECT ON
ACID,BASES,SALT

3. WHAT ARE ACIDS?
AN ACID IS ANY COMPOUND THAT CAUSES THE
NUMBER OF HYDROGEN IONS TO INCREASE WHEN
DISSOLVED IN WATER.
H+
•WHY ARE HYDROGEN IONS POSITIVELY
CHARGED? HINT WHAT HAPPENS TO THEIR
VALENCE ELECTRONS?

4. HYDROCHLORIC ACID
•HCL DISSOLVES IN WATER TO FORM
POSITIVE H+ IONS AND NEGATIVE CL- IONS.
•HCL -----------------> H+ + CL-

5. ACIDS MAKE A SOLUTION TASTE SOUR.
LEMON JUICE IN ACIDIC
VINEGAR IN ACIDIC
ACID ARE CORROSIVE
( WEAR AWAY OTHER MATERIALS )
NEVER TASTE OR TOUCH A CONCENTRATED
SOLUTION OF ACID

6. ACID /BASE INDICATORS
INDICATORS ARE SUBSTANCES THAT CHANGE
COLOR IF AN ACID OR BASE IS ADDED TO THEM.
–1. CABBAGE JUICE - BLUE TO RED
–2. PHENOLPHTHALEIN - RED TO COLORLESS
–3. LITMUS - BLUE TO RED

7. ACIDS CAN MAKE A SOLUTION CONDUCT
ELECTRICITY.

8. WHAT ARE BASES?
A BASE IS ANY COMPOUND THAT INCREASES
THE NUMBER OF HYDROXIDE IONS WHEN
DISSOLVED IN WATER.
OH-
•WHY ARE HYDROXIDE IONS NEGATIVELY
CHARGED? HINT: ELECTRONS?

9. PROPERTIES OF BASES?
BASES ARE BITTER AND CAN MAKE A SOLUTION FEEL
SLIPPERY
.
BASES CAN CHANGE THE COLOR OF CERTAIN INDICATORS.
LITMUS -FROM RED TO BLUE
CABBAGE JUICE - FROM BLUE TO GREEN
BASES CAN MAKE A SOLUTION CONDUCT ELECTRICITY.
NEVER TASTE OR TOUCH A CONCENTRATED SOLUTION OF
BASE

10. WHICH LIQUID IS AN ACID?
WHICH LIQUID IS A BASE?

11. HOW DO ACIDS AND BASES NEUTRALIZE
EACH OTHER?
Adding an acid
increases H+
ions
Adding a base
increases
OH
-
ions
A solution is neutral if H+
ions = OH
-
ions

12. BEE VS. WASP STINGS
THE STINGER OF A BEE IS ACIDIC. APPLY A
BASE LIKE BAKING SODA TO NEUTRALIZE
THE ACID.
THE STINGER OF A WASP IS BASIC. APPLY AN
ACID LIKE VINEGAR TO NEUTRALIZE THE
BASE.

13. HOW IS THE STRENGTH OF AN ACID OR BASE
SOLUTION MEASURED?
THE PH SCALE
STONG ACID 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 SRONG BASE
7
IS NEUTRAL
CAUTION : STRONG ACIDS AND BASES ARE
CORROSIVE.

17. PRACTICE PROBLEM #25
1. How many milliliters of 1.25 M LiOH must be added to neutralize
34.7 mL of 0.389 M HNO3?
2. What mass of Sr(OH)2 will be required to neutralize 19.54 mL of
0.00850 M HBr solution?
3. How many mL of 0.998 M H2SO4 must be added to neutralize 47.9
mL of 1.233 M KOH?
4. What is the molar concentration of hydronium ion in a solution of
pH 8.25?
5. What is the pH of a solution that has a molar concentration of
hydronium ion of 9.15 x 10-5?
6. What is the pOH of a solution that has a molar concentration of
hydronium ion of 8.55 x 10-10?
10.8 mL
0.0101 g
29.6 mL
5.623 x 10-9 M
pH = 4.0
pOH = 4.9

18. GROUP STUDY PROBLEM #25
______1. How many milliliters of 0.75 M KOH must be added to neutralize
50.0 mL of 2.50 M HCl?
______2. What mass of Ca(OH)2 will be required to neutralize 100 mL of
0.170 M HCl solution?
______3. How many mL of 0.554 M H2SO4 must be added to neutralize
25.0 mL of 0.9855 M NaOH?
______ 4. What is the molar concentration of hydronium ion in a solution
of pH 2.45?
______ 5. What is the pH of a solution that has a molar concentration of
hydronium ion of 3.75 x 10-9?
______ 6. What is the pOH of a solution that has a molar concentration of
hydronium ion of 4.99 x 10-4?