SlideShare une entreprise Scribd logo
1  sur  16
Télécharger pour lire hors ligne
Biology - Colonisation and Succession
8.2 COLONISATION AND
SUCCESSION IN AN ECOSYSTEM

            A community of organisms which interact
         Ecosystem
            with their non-living environment and
            function as a unit

                    Biotic components are well balanced with
     Dynamic Ecosystem
                    one another and with the abiotic
                    components

            - Natural environment where organisms live
          Habitat
            -Provides basic resources og life such as food,
              shelter, living space, nesting sites and mates
Biology - Colonisation and Succession
Species

A group of organisms that:
  look alike and have similar characteristics
  share the same roles in an ecosystem
  capable of interbreeding to produce fertile offspring
population

A group of organisms of the same species
living in the same habitat at the same time
Community

- A several populations of different species
 living in the same habitat of an ecosystem
-Interpendent and interact with one
  another in order to survive
NICHE
 -A niche of an organism is its role in the
  ecosystem
 -Niche of a population:
   ranges of temperatures at which it lives
   the type of food it eats
   the space it occupies
 -animals that undergo metamorphosis in
  their cycle occupy different niches.




 A tadpole lives             A frog lives mainly
entirely in water                on the land
Biology - Colonisation and Succession
BARE GROUND
• An environment of bare rocks and sand left
  behind by a forest fire is not suitable for most
  organisms.
• After the ground cools down, water re-enters
  the environment. When water, air, nutrients
  and sunlight are available, spores and seeds of
  certain plants start to germinate and grow.
PIONEER SPECIES
• The first colonizers
• Special adaptations is enable to survive on dry
  and nutrient-poor soil
• Hardy plants which usually have dense root
  system to bind the sand particles and hold
  water and humus
• Short life cycle
• When die, they remains add to the humus
  content of soil
Successor species
• Modify the environment, eventually creating
  conditions which are less favorable to themselves
• Grow bigger than pioneer species, thus reducing
  the amount of sunlight that reaches them and
  gradually replacing them
• Have small wind-dispensable seeds which are
  able to spread and grow rapidly
• Change the structure and quality of the soil,
  making it more conductive for larger plants to
  grow
Dominant species
• Can grow faster and so they out-compete the
  pioneers which grow at a slower rate
• Turn modify the environment which allows
  larger trees to grow
• The larger trees out-compete the shrubs,
  which are replaced by forest-floor species
  which require low light intensit
                    (succession)
• Ecological success leads to a relatively stable
  community which is in equilibrium with its
  environment
• Example: tropical rainforest in Malaysia
• A stable community that undergoes little or
  no change in its species composition
Colonisation

• A process whereby a species invades and
  occupies a newly formed area where no
  life has existed previously
Succession
• The gradual process through which one
  community changes its environment so that it
  is replaced by another community
Biology - Colonisation and Succession

Contenu connexe

Tendances

Miyawaki methodology
Miyawaki methodology Miyawaki methodology
Miyawaki methodology Mohit Kohli
 
Konsep dasar biologi
Konsep dasar biologiKonsep dasar biologi
Konsep dasar biologiSri Sumarni
 
8[2].2 the processes of colonisation & succession
8[2].2  the processes of colonisation & succession8[2].2  the processes of colonisation & succession
8[2].2 the processes of colonisation & successioncikgushaik
 
Nota Pengenalan Tentang Kelapa sawit
Nota Pengenalan Tentang Kelapa sawitNota Pengenalan Tentang Kelapa sawit
Nota Pengenalan Tentang Kelapa sawitfadfadz
 
Laporan Kompetisi intra dan ekstra spesies(LIMITED EDITION)
Laporan Kompetisi intra dan ekstra spesies(LIMITED EDITION)Laporan Kompetisi intra dan ekstra spesies(LIMITED EDITION)
Laporan Kompetisi intra dan ekstra spesies(LIMITED EDITION)Malikul Mulki
 
Plant Community- definition, concept and structure
Plant Community- definition, concept and structurePlant Community- definition, concept and structure
Plant Community- definition, concept and structureEmaSushan
 
Bab2 konsep sosialisasi
Bab2 konsep sosialisasiBab2 konsep sosialisasi
Bab2 konsep sosialisasizuraidanasri
 
EKOLOGI HUTAN
EKOLOGI HUTANEKOLOGI HUTAN
EKOLOGI HUTANEDIS BLOG
 
2 Penyakit Benih Kelapa Sawit
2 Penyakit Benih Kelapa Sawit2 Penyakit Benih Kelapa Sawit
2 Penyakit Benih Kelapa Sawitsat rahayuwati
 
Presentation buku Hijau
Presentation buku HijauPresentation buku Hijau
Presentation buku HijauMaizatul Akmal
 
Rpp protista untuk ppl mahasiswa
Rpp protista untuk ppl mahasiswaRpp protista untuk ppl mahasiswa
Rpp protista untuk ppl mahasiswaaan dhai
 
Ppt keanekaragaman hayati
Ppt keanekaragaman hayatiPpt keanekaragaman hayati
Ppt keanekaragaman hayatitina novasari
 
teori konflik
teori konflikteori konflik
teori konflikSuff Fyee
 
Laporan Praktikum Ekologi Terestrial: Tanah dan dekomposisi
Laporan Praktikum Ekologi Terestrial: Tanah dan dekomposisiLaporan Praktikum Ekologi Terestrial: Tanah dan dekomposisi
Laporan Praktikum Ekologi Terestrial: Tanah dan dekomposisiJeanne Isbeanny LFH
 
KAJIAN MENGENAI AMALAN DAN TINGKAHLAKU PENGGUNA TERHADAP PENGGUNAAN LESTARI K...
KAJIAN MENGENAI AMALAN DAN TINGKAHLAKU PENGGUNA TERHADAP PENGGUNAAN LESTARI K...KAJIAN MENGENAI AMALAN DAN TINGKAHLAKU PENGGUNA TERHADAP PENGGUNAAN LESTARI K...
KAJIAN MENGENAI AMALAN DAN TINGKAHLAKU PENGGUNA TERHADAP PENGGUNAAN LESTARI K...mandalina landy
 
teori struktural fungsional
teori struktural fungsionalteori struktural fungsional
teori struktural fungsionalSuff Fyee
 
Laporan praktikum analisis vegetasi
Laporan praktikum analisis vegetasiLaporan praktikum analisis vegetasi
Laporan praktikum analisis vegetasiGoogle
 
Modul 3 biokteknologi sains am III 2 dvm kskv baru 2017
Modul 3  biokteknologi sains am III 2 dvm kskv baru 2017Modul 3  biokteknologi sains am III 2 dvm kskv baru 2017
Modul 3 biokteknologi sains am III 2 dvm kskv baru 2017Harzana Harun
 

Tendances (20)

Miyawaki methodology
Miyawaki methodology Miyawaki methodology
Miyawaki methodology
 
Konsep dasar biologi
Konsep dasar biologiKonsep dasar biologi
Konsep dasar biologi
 
8[2].2 the processes of colonisation & succession
8[2].2  the processes of colonisation & succession8[2].2  the processes of colonisation & succession
8[2].2 the processes of colonisation & succession
 
Nota Pengenalan Tentang Kelapa sawit
Nota Pengenalan Tentang Kelapa sawitNota Pengenalan Tentang Kelapa sawit
Nota Pengenalan Tentang Kelapa sawit
 
Laporan Kompetisi intra dan ekstra spesies(LIMITED EDITION)
Laporan Kompetisi intra dan ekstra spesies(LIMITED EDITION)Laporan Kompetisi intra dan ekstra spesies(LIMITED EDITION)
Laporan Kompetisi intra dan ekstra spesies(LIMITED EDITION)
 
Plant Community- definition, concept and structure
Plant Community- definition, concept and structurePlant Community- definition, concept and structure
Plant Community- definition, concept and structure
 
Bab2 konsep sosialisasi
Bab2 konsep sosialisasiBab2 konsep sosialisasi
Bab2 konsep sosialisasi
 
EKOLOGI HUTAN
EKOLOGI HUTANEKOLOGI HUTAN
EKOLOGI HUTAN
 
2 Penyakit Benih Kelapa Sawit
2 Penyakit Benih Kelapa Sawit2 Penyakit Benih Kelapa Sawit
2 Penyakit Benih Kelapa Sawit
 
Presentation buku Hijau
Presentation buku HijauPresentation buku Hijau
Presentation buku Hijau
 
Rpp protista untuk ppl mahasiswa
Rpp protista untuk ppl mahasiswaRpp protista untuk ppl mahasiswa
Rpp protista untuk ppl mahasiswa
 
Ppt keanekaragaman hayati
Ppt keanekaragaman hayatiPpt keanekaragaman hayati
Ppt keanekaragaman hayati
 
teori konflik
teori konflikteori konflik
teori konflik
 
Ekologi tumbuhan
Ekologi tumbuhanEkologi tumbuhan
Ekologi tumbuhan
 
Laporan Praktikum Ekologi Terestrial: Tanah dan dekomposisi
Laporan Praktikum Ekologi Terestrial: Tanah dan dekomposisiLaporan Praktikum Ekologi Terestrial: Tanah dan dekomposisi
Laporan Praktikum Ekologi Terestrial: Tanah dan dekomposisi
 
KAJIAN MENGENAI AMALAN DAN TINGKAHLAKU PENGGUNA TERHADAP PENGGUNAAN LESTARI K...
KAJIAN MENGENAI AMALAN DAN TINGKAHLAKU PENGGUNA TERHADAP PENGGUNAAN LESTARI K...KAJIAN MENGENAI AMALAN DAN TINGKAHLAKU PENGGUNA TERHADAP PENGGUNAAN LESTARI K...
KAJIAN MENGENAI AMALAN DAN TINGKAHLAKU PENGGUNA TERHADAP PENGGUNAAN LESTARI K...
 
teori struktural fungsional
teori struktural fungsionalteori struktural fungsional
teori struktural fungsional
 
Laporan praktikum analisis vegetasi
Laporan praktikum analisis vegetasiLaporan praktikum analisis vegetasi
Laporan praktikum analisis vegetasi
 
Modul 3 biokteknologi sains am III 2 dvm kskv baru 2017
Modul 3  biokteknologi sains am III 2 dvm kskv baru 2017Modul 3  biokteknologi sains am III 2 dvm kskv baru 2017
Modul 3 biokteknologi sains am III 2 dvm kskv baru 2017
 
Plant community
Plant community Plant community
Plant community
 

Similaire à Biology - Colonisation and Succession

Succession notes 2013
Succession notes 2013Succession notes 2013
Succession notes 2013Jenny Dixon
 
Community ecology
Community ecology Community ecology
Community ecology Smawi GH
 
统考生物 Chapter 20 Ecosystem
统考生物 Chapter 20 Ecosystem统考生物 Chapter 20 Ecosystem
统考生物 Chapter 20 EcosystemYee Sing Ong
 
Introduction to ecology and environmental protection
Introduction to ecology and environmental protectionIntroduction to ecology and environmental protection
Introduction to ecology and environmental protectionnea killuae
 
Ecosystems.ppt
Ecosystems.pptEcosystems.ppt
Ecosystems.pptLance56
 
Ess topic 2.1 ecosystem structures
Ess topic 2.1   ecosystem structuresEss topic 2.1   ecosystem structures
Ess topic 2.1 ecosystem structuresBrad Kremer
 
Plant Succession, Causes and it's Types
Plant Succession, Causes and it's Types Plant Succession, Causes and it's Types
Plant Succession, Causes and it's Types Mahnoor Imran
 
Succession
SuccessionSuccession
Successionsikojp
 
best ever ppt on ecological succession by nagesh
best ever ppt on  ecological succession by nageshbest ever ppt on  ecological succession by nagesh
best ever ppt on ecological succession by nageshNagesh sadili
 
ECOSYSTEM Classification Structure & Functioning (1).pdf
ECOSYSTEM Classification Structure & Functioning (1).pdfECOSYSTEM Classification Structure & Functioning (1).pdf
ECOSYSTEM Classification Structure & Functioning (1).pdfSaif Khan
 
ECOLOGICAL SUCCESSION (2).pptx
ECOLOGICAL SUCCESSION  (2).pptxECOLOGICAL SUCCESSION  (2).pptx
ECOLOGICAL SUCCESSION (2).pptxshikhabharti46
 
Levels of organization and niche
Levels of organization and nicheLevels of organization and niche
Levels of organization and nicheLogos Academy
 
Chapter 21- Populations and Communities
Chapter 21- Populations and CommunitiesChapter 21- Populations and Communities
Chapter 21- Populations and CommunitiesKatya Cherimoya
 

Similaire à Biology - Colonisation and Succession (20)

Succession notes 2013
Succession notes 2013Succession notes 2013
Succession notes 2013
 
Community ecology
Community ecology Community ecology
Community ecology
 
统考生物 Chapter 20 Ecosystem
统考生物 Chapter 20 Ecosystem统考生物 Chapter 20 Ecosystem
统考生物 Chapter 20 Ecosystem
 
Introduction to ecology and environmental protection
Introduction to ecology and environmental protectionIntroduction to ecology and environmental protection
Introduction to ecology and environmental protection
 
Ecosystems.ppt
Ecosystems.pptEcosystems.ppt
Ecosystems.ppt
 
Ecosystems.ppt
Ecosystems.pptEcosystems.ppt
Ecosystems.ppt
 
ECOLOGY.ppt
ECOLOGY.pptECOLOGY.ppt
ECOLOGY.ppt
 
ECOLOGY.ppt
ECOLOGY.pptECOLOGY.ppt
ECOLOGY.ppt
 
Ess topic 2.1 ecosystem structures
Ess topic 2.1   ecosystem structuresEss topic 2.1   ecosystem structures
Ess topic 2.1 ecosystem structures
 
Plant Succession, Causes and it's Types
Plant Succession, Causes and it's Types Plant Succession, Causes and it's Types
Plant Succession, Causes and it's Types
 
Succession
SuccessionSuccession
Succession
 
ECOLOGICAL WAY OF LIFE.pptx
ECOLOGICAL WAY OF LIFE.pptxECOLOGICAL WAY OF LIFE.pptx
ECOLOGICAL WAY OF LIFE.pptx
 
best ever ppt on ecological succession by nagesh
best ever ppt on  ecological succession by nageshbest ever ppt on  ecological succession by nagesh
best ever ppt on ecological succession by nagesh
 
ECOSYSTEM Classification Structure & Functioning (1).pdf
ECOSYSTEM Classification Structure & Functioning (1).pdfECOSYSTEM Classification Structure & Functioning (1).pdf
ECOSYSTEM Classification Structure & Functioning (1).pdf
 
ECOLOGICAL SUCCESSION (2).pptx
ECOLOGICAL SUCCESSION  (2).pptxECOLOGICAL SUCCESSION  (2).pptx
ECOLOGICAL SUCCESSION (2).pptx
 
Ecosystems
EcosystemsEcosystems
Ecosystems
 
Levels of organization and niche
Levels of organization and nicheLevels of organization and niche
Levels of organization and niche
 
1. Ecosystems.pptx
1. Ecosystems.pptx1. Ecosystems.pptx
1. Ecosystems.pptx
 
Chapter 21- Populations and Communities
Chapter 21- Populations and CommunitiesChapter 21- Populations and Communities
Chapter 21- Populations and Communities
 
ECOSYSTEMS
ECOSYSTEMSECOSYSTEMS
ECOSYSTEMS
 

Dernier

Drug Information Services- DIC and Sources.
Drug Information Services- DIC and Sources.Drug Information Services- DIC and Sources.
Drug Information Services- DIC and Sources.raviapr7
 
How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17
How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17
How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17Celine George
 
Ultra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptx
Ultra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptxUltra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptx
Ultra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptxDr. Asif Anas
 
Patient Counselling. Definition of patient counseling; steps involved in pati...
Patient Counselling. Definition of patient counseling; steps involved in pati...Patient Counselling. Definition of patient counseling; steps involved in pati...
Patient Counselling. Definition of patient counseling; steps involved in pati...raviapr7
 
CAULIFLOWER BREEDING 1 Parmar pptx
CAULIFLOWER BREEDING 1 Parmar pptxCAULIFLOWER BREEDING 1 Parmar pptx
CAULIFLOWER BREEDING 1 Parmar pptxSaurabhParmar42
 
Benefits & Challenges of Inclusive Education
Benefits & Challenges of Inclusive EducationBenefits & Challenges of Inclusive Education
Benefits & Challenges of Inclusive EducationMJDuyan
 
AUDIENCE THEORY -- FANDOM -- JENKINS.pptx
AUDIENCE THEORY -- FANDOM -- JENKINS.pptxAUDIENCE THEORY -- FANDOM -- JENKINS.pptx
AUDIENCE THEORY -- FANDOM -- JENKINS.pptxiammrhaywood
 
In - Vivo and In - Vitro Correlation.pptx
In - Vivo and In - Vitro Correlation.pptxIn - Vivo and In - Vitro Correlation.pptx
In - Vivo and In - Vitro Correlation.pptxAditiChauhan701637
 
PISA-VET launch_El Iza Mohamedou_19 March 2024.pptx
PISA-VET launch_El Iza Mohamedou_19 March 2024.pptxPISA-VET launch_El Iza Mohamedou_19 March 2024.pptx
PISA-VET launch_El Iza Mohamedou_19 March 2024.pptxEduSkills OECD
 
How to Solve Singleton Error in the Odoo 17
How to Solve Singleton Error in the  Odoo 17How to Solve Singleton Error in the  Odoo 17
How to Solve Singleton Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
 
HED Office Sohayok Exam Question Solution 2023.pdf
HED Office Sohayok Exam Question Solution 2023.pdfHED Office Sohayok Exam Question Solution 2023.pdf
HED Office Sohayok Exam Question Solution 2023.pdfMohonDas
 
3.21.24 The Origins of Black Power.pptx
3.21.24  The Origins of Black Power.pptx3.21.24  The Origins of Black Power.pptx
3.21.24 The Origins of Black Power.pptxmary850239
 
Presentation on the Basics of Writing. Writing a Paragraph
Presentation on the Basics of Writing. Writing a ParagraphPresentation on the Basics of Writing. Writing a Paragraph
Presentation on the Basics of Writing. Writing a ParagraphNetziValdelomar1
 
Human-AI Co-Creation of Worked Examples for Programming Classes
Human-AI Co-Creation of Worked Examples for Programming ClassesHuman-AI Co-Creation of Worked Examples for Programming Classes
Human-AI Co-Creation of Worked Examples for Programming ClassesMohammad Hassany
 
P4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdf
P4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdfP4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdf
P4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdfYu Kanazawa / Osaka University
 
The Singapore Teaching Practice document
The Singapore Teaching Practice documentThe Singapore Teaching Practice document
The Singapore Teaching Practice documentXsasf Sfdfasd
 
5 charts on South Africa as a source country for international student recrui...
5 charts on South Africa as a source country for international student recrui...5 charts on South Africa as a source country for international student recrui...
5 charts on South Africa as a source country for international student recrui...CaraSkikne1
 
Diploma in Nursing Admission Test Question Solution 2023.pdf
Diploma in Nursing Admission Test Question Solution 2023.pdfDiploma in Nursing Admission Test Question Solution 2023.pdf
Diploma in Nursing Admission Test Question Solution 2023.pdfMohonDas
 
2024.03.23 What do successful readers do - Sandy Millin for PARK.pptx
2024.03.23 What do successful readers do - Sandy Millin for PARK.pptx2024.03.23 What do successful readers do - Sandy Millin for PARK.pptx
2024.03.23 What do successful readers do - Sandy Millin for PARK.pptxSandy Millin
 

Dernier (20)

Drug Information Services- DIC and Sources.
Drug Information Services- DIC and Sources.Drug Information Services- DIC and Sources.
Drug Information Services- DIC and Sources.
 
How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17
How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17
How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17
 
Prelims of Kant get Marx 2.0: a general politics quiz
Prelims of Kant get Marx 2.0: a general politics quizPrelims of Kant get Marx 2.0: a general politics quiz
Prelims of Kant get Marx 2.0: a general politics quiz
 
Ultra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptx
Ultra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptxUltra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptx
Ultra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptx
 
Patient Counselling. Definition of patient counseling; steps involved in pati...
Patient Counselling. Definition of patient counseling; steps involved in pati...Patient Counselling. Definition of patient counseling; steps involved in pati...
Patient Counselling. Definition of patient counseling; steps involved in pati...
 
CAULIFLOWER BREEDING 1 Parmar pptx
CAULIFLOWER BREEDING 1 Parmar pptxCAULIFLOWER BREEDING 1 Parmar pptx
CAULIFLOWER BREEDING 1 Parmar pptx
 
Benefits & Challenges of Inclusive Education
Benefits & Challenges of Inclusive EducationBenefits & Challenges of Inclusive Education
Benefits & Challenges of Inclusive Education
 
AUDIENCE THEORY -- FANDOM -- JENKINS.pptx
AUDIENCE THEORY -- FANDOM -- JENKINS.pptxAUDIENCE THEORY -- FANDOM -- JENKINS.pptx
AUDIENCE THEORY -- FANDOM -- JENKINS.pptx
 
In - Vivo and In - Vitro Correlation.pptx
In - Vivo and In - Vitro Correlation.pptxIn - Vivo and In - Vitro Correlation.pptx
In - Vivo and In - Vitro Correlation.pptx
 
PISA-VET launch_El Iza Mohamedou_19 March 2024.pptx
PISA-VET launch_El Iza Mohamedou_19 March 2024.pptxPISA-VET launch_El Iza Mohamedou_19 March 2024.pptx
PISA-VET launch_El Iza Mohamedou_19 March 2024.pptx
 
How to Solve Singleton Error in the Odoo 17
How to Solve Singleton Error in the  Odoo 17How to Solve Singleton Error in the  Odoo 17
How to Solve Singleton Error in the Odoo 17
 
HED Office Sohayok Exam Question Solution 2023.pdf
HED Office Sohayok Exam Question Solution 2023.pdfHED Office Sohayok Exam Question Solution 2023.pdf
HED Office Sohayok Exam Question Solution 2023.pdf
 
3.21.24 The Origins of Black Power.pptx
3.21.24  The Origins of Black Power.pptx3.21.24  The Origins of Black Power.pptx
3.21.24 The Origins of Black Power.pptx
 
Presentation on the Basics of Writing. Writing a Paragraph
Presentation on the Basics of Writing. Writing a ParagraphPresentation on the Basics of Writing. Writing a Paragraph
Presentation on the Basics of Writing. Writing a Paragraph
 
Human-AI Co-Creation of Worked Examples for Programming Classes
Human-AI Co-Creation of Worked Examples for Programming ClassesHuman-AI Co-Creation of Worked Examples for Programming Classes
Human-AI Co-Creation of Worked Examples for Programming Classes
 
P4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdf
P4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdfP4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdf
P4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdf
 
The Singapore Teaching Practice document
The Singapore Teaching Practice documentThe Singapore Teaching Practice document
The Singapore Teaching Practice document
 
5 charts on South Africa as a source country for international student recrui...
5 charts on South Africa as a source country for international student recrui...5 charts on South Africa as a source country for international student recrui...
5 charts on South Africa as a source country for international student recrui...
 
Diploma in Nursing Admission Test Question Solution 2023.pdf
Diploma in Nursing Admission Test Question Solution 2023.pdfDiploma in Nursing Admission Test Question Solution 2023.pdf
Diploma in Nursing Admission Test Question Solution 2023.pdf
 
2024.03.23 What do successful readers do - Sandy Millin for PARK.pptx
2024.03.23 What do successful readers do - Sandy Millin for PARK.pptx2024.03.23 What do successful readers do - Sandy Millin for PARK.pptx
2024.03.23 What do successful readers do - Sandy Millin for PARK.pptx
 

Biology - Colonisation and Succession

  • 2. 8.2 COLONISATION AND SUCCESSION IN AN ECOSYSTEM A community of organisms which interact Ecosystem with their non-living environment and function as a unit Biotic components are well balanced with Dynamic Ecosystem one another and with the abiotic components - Natural environment where organisms live Habitat -Provides basic resources og life such as food, shelter, living space, nesting sites and mates
  • 4. Species A group of organisms that: look alike and have similar characteristics share the same roles in an ecosystem capable of interbreeding to produce fertile offspring
  • 5. population A group of organisms of the same species living in the same habitat at the same time
  • 6. Community - A several populations of different species living in the same habitat of an ecosystem -Interpendent and interact with one another in order to survive
  • 7. NICHE -A niche of an organism is its role in the ecosystem -Niche of a population: ranges of temperatures at which it lives the type of food it eats the space it occupies -animals that undergo metamorphosis in their cycle occupy different niches. A tadpole lives A frog lives mainly entirely in water on the land
  • 9. BARE GROUND • An environment of bare rocks and sand left behind by a forest fire is not suitable for most organisms. • After the ground cools down, water re-enters the environment. When water, air, nutrients and sunlight are available, spores and seeds of certain plants start to germinate and grow.
  • 10. PIONEER SPECIES • The first colonizers • Special adaptations is enable to survive on dry and nutrient-poor soil • Hardy plants which usually have dense root system to bind the sand particles and hold water and humus • Short life cycle • When die, they remains add to the humus content of soil
  • 11. Successor species • Modify the environment, eventually creating conditions which are less favorable to themselves • Grow bigger than pioneer species, thus reducing the amount of sunlight that reaches them and gradually replacing them • Have small wind-dispensable seeds which are able to spread and grow rapidly • Change the structure and quality of the soil, making it more conductive for larger plants to grow
  • 12. Dominant species • Can grow faster and so they out-compete the pioneers which grow at a slower rate • Turn modify the environment which allows larger trees to grow • The larger trees out-compete the shrubs, which are replaced by forest-floor species which require low light intensit (succession)
  • 13. • Ecological success leads to a relatively stable community which is in equilibrium with its environment • Example: tropical rainforest in Malaysia • A stable community that undergoes little or no change in its species composition
  • 14. Colonisation • A process whereby a species invades and occupies a newly formed area where no life has existed previously
  • 15. Succession • The gradual process through which one community changes its environment so that it is replaced by another community