2.  A biofuel is a type of fuel whose energy is
derived from biological carbon fixation.
 In other words, Fuel which is produced from
renewable biological resources
◦ Plant biomass
◦ Treated municipal and industrial waste.

3.  To reduce our dependence on fossil fuels.
 To reduce reliance on foreign oil.
 To lower emissions of greenhouse gases.

4. 1.There is no emission of hazardous gases.
2.Raw material is locally available in every region of the
world.
3.Friendly with the environment, so they do not cause
global warming
4.The energy release per unit mass of biofuel is greater
than the energy released from the unit mass of fossil
fuels.

8. •Made from sugar, starch, and vegetable oil.
First generation Biofuel
•Made from non-edible plant materials.
Second generation Biofuel
• Made from algae and microbes.
Third generation Biofuel

9. Biodiesel
Biogas
SyngasBioalcohols
Vegetable
Oil

10.  Biodiesel is a famous biofuel in Europe
 Produced from oils or fats using trans-
esterification after mixing the biomass with
methanol and sodium hydroxide.

11. Inputs:
◦ Fat/Vegetable Oil (“Feedstock”)
◦ Methanol/Ethanol
◦ Catalyst - “Lye” (Sodium Hydroxide or Potassium
Hydroxide)
◦ Water
Outputs:
◦ Biodiesel
◦ Dirty Water
◦ Glycerine

12. Bio-diesel feed stock:
Palm
Coconut
Rapeseed/ Mustard seed
Sunflower
Corn
Soybean
Peanuts
Algae
Used restaurant oil
Animal fats
Palm seeds
Coconut seeds
Rapeseeds
Sunflower seeds Corn
Soybean seeds
Pond Algae

13.  Biodiesel can be termed clean fuel as it does not
contain carcinogens
 Its sulphur content is also lesser than the mineral
diesel.
 It possesses high biodegradability and
lubricating property.
 Improves engine efficiency.
 Domestic resource,
 Readily mixes with petroleum diesel fuel in any
ratio.
 Greatly reduces particulate matter and carbon
monoxide emissions.

15. • Biologically produced alcohols, most
commonly ethanol and less
Commonly propanol and butanol.
Synthesis:
• Bioalcohols are produced by the action
of microorganisms and enzymes through the
fermentation of sugars or starches (easiest), or
cellulose (which is more difficult).

16.  Fire places
 Fuel for vehicles
 Ethanol fuel is the most commonly used bio-
fuel in the world and particularly in Brazil.

18.  Generally used for cooking purpose.
 Vegetable oil is mainly used for the
production of biodiesel.

20.  To produce Electricity
 Cooking purpose
 Space heating
 Water heating