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Clinical Research
For Medical Students
Ahmed Negida
Fifth year student (2016-2017)
Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt
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Clinical Research for Medical Students
Austin Bradford Hill (1948 first RCTs, 1950s)
David Sacket (1970s)
Clinical Research for Medical Students
Paul Glaseziou et al. BMJ 2008;337:a1253 doi:10.1136/bmj.a1253
Clinical Research
For Medical Students
Ahmed Negida
Fifth year student (2016-2017)
Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt
ILOs
• What is the importance of research for medical students?
• Barriers towards student research
• What is the difference between clinical research and lab research?
• What are the basic skills that a student should learn before starting?
• What are the recommended learning resources of research basics?
• How to start? (as an undergraduate student in Egypt)
• How to select a good research mentor? (Nature Guide)
• Other Q & A …?
[1]
Importance of
research
Importance of research for medical students
Research is the backbone of
progress of medicine
Importance of research for medical students
You will learn persistence and
many soft skills
Importance of research for medical students
Advance your knowledge
Importance of research for medical students
Build a strong CV
 Help you get scholarships and grants
 Help you get good MSc and PhD offers
Importance of research for medical students
Continue your career abroad
Importance of research for medical students
Connections with leading
scientists in the field
[2]
Problems towards
student research
In 2006, Mostafa et al. performed a cross sectional evaluation
in Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University to investigate
students’ perceptions and attitudes towards research.
Students’ interest in research Students’ perception of research
70-80% of students are
interested in research
80-90% of students think that
research is important
 Curriculum overload - Lack of time (75.0%)
 Lack of training (71.6%)
 Lack of staff guidance and cooperation (39.1%)
 Lack of Interest and Motivation (22.5%)
 Lack of funding
 Lack of incentives (19.1%)
Main problems identified in Egypt
Lack of time
Solution:
Appropriate time management
starts by setting clear vision and
well defined goals.
* Follow your time
* Remodel your activities
Lack of mentors
Lack of Fund
SOLUTION:
1-There are a few available grants (you can
apply with your mentor as PI)
2- During publication, most journals offer
waivers to authors from MLICs.
3- Some universities may provide partial
fund. (eg. Mansoura university)
The gap btw our education and
recent advances in medicine
(Out-of-date knowledge)
SOLUTION:
1- Subscribe to newsletter of famous
journals in your area of interest
2- Read as much as you can
3- CME online
Dissociation between research
education and research practice
[3]
Types of Research
Primary research vs. Secondary research
Primary Research Secondary Research
• Original Data
• Information appear for the first
time
• Summary/ collation and/or
synthesis of existing research
• Use existing data from Primary
Sources
Primary Research
Secondary Research
Clinical Research Basic Science Research
Requires Patients + patient data
Deals with Patients
Test Tube Research
Requires Prepared Labs
Studies fundamental functions in biology
May involve: Animal Models, Tissue Culture
• Molecular Mechanisms
• Cell Cycle
• Receptors
• Genes
Has Clinical Relevance Usually has more weight
Generate More Knowledge
Does not have direct clinical relevance
Basic
Science
Research
T1
Clinical
Research
T2
Clinical Practice
Translational Research
[4]
Skills to Learn
Basic Skills (before you start)
SKILLSTEP
Creative thinking & Reading1. Research Idea
How to use databases2. Search Literature
Protocol writing
3. Formulate hypothesis
4. Plan for the study
5. Pilot study
Data collection tools (+/- clinical skills)
6. Implementation
7. Data collection
Medical statistics8. Data analysis
Scientific writing9. Reporting
Presentation & communication skills10. Presenting/Publishing
Research design
Epidemiology, Evidence Based
Medicine, and Public Health
Designing clinical research
1. Medical statistics made easy
2. Medical statistics at a glance
3. Oxford Handbook of Medical statistics
4. Biostatistics (Basic concepts and methodology for health sciences)
 SPSS for starters
 Biostatistics in Public Health using Stata
Medical statistics
Scientific Writing
Publishing and presenting
clinical research
Scientific writing; easy when
you know how
Systematic review and Meta-analysis
Introduction to Meta-analysis
Cochrane Handbook
of SR and MA
[5]
How to start
Our inverted pyramid model
START
Advantages of our model
1. Rapid publications in a relatively shorter time
2. The start is more relevant to clinical practice
3. Students’ chance to work with faculty members increase over time
Where can you do lab research in Egypt?
• MERC (Mansoura experimental research center)
• NCI (National Cancer Institute)
• NRC (National Research Center
• Alexandria Medical Research Institute
• Zewail University
[6]
How to find a mentor
Finding a mentor in your institution
Finding a mentor in your institution
Clinical Research for Medical Students
He always keeps in touch with ex-students,
postdocs and so on after they have moved
on. Even if he is not directly helping them,
he keeps himself aware of their activities
and at times informs them of things he
believes would be of interest or useful,
to them. He genuinely treats his
ex-students and postdocs as part of an
extended family .
A Mentor for Life! Mentor vs. Supervisor
A student with a career A student with a project
SENSITIVITY
• When things go wrong, it is important to find out why things
happened the way they did.
• There could be personal factors (sickness, relationship break-
ups) that contribute to unhappy decisions or results.
• Although I may not be able to provide the solution to personal
problems, I can provide a sympathetic ear as well as advice or
direction to support services.
Appreciating individual differences
• Understand and accept individual differences
• Personality of students in work might influence the way they
do experiments or think about problems, or write their reports.
RESPECT
• Treating students as their colleagues
• Building confidence into younger collaborators
• Honestly sharing his own ideas and discussing with his team
• Has NO intellectual jealousy
• Happy to see others succeed
• Push them forward
Unselfishness
Availability: the open door
Availability is the standout quality appreciated by the mentees. Despite
enormous workloads and responsibilities, the mentor was always there
and the door was always open.
Enthusiasm, Inspiration, and Optimism
• Very passionate to science
• Infectious enthusiasm
• Inspiring his students (to avoid burn out)
Balancing direction and self-direction
• How much guidance to give can be a challenge!
• There were many negative comments about those who have been seen to micromanage.
• Yet there was also criticism of those who let students run free and learn by their mistakes.
The initial project
• Select a guaranteed project at first
• Avoid losing interest
Celebration
• The importance of celebration and rewarding successes, large
and small, is often neglected.
• Yet it can be highly encouraging to individuals and can
contribute to the building of communities.
• The guiding principle is that celebration, however large or
small, is a powerful motivator.
Building communities
• A constant theme from the groups supporting their mentor was
the sense of community.
• The successful mentors realized the need to build communities
to create an environment where all under their care could
flourish. They all had deliberate and varied strategies to build
these communities.
Skill development – Capacity building
• It is clear that successful mentors
work hard at developing the scientific
skills of their charges.
• Constructive criticism
• Manuscript writing
• Oral presentations
Networking
Networking is one of the distinguishing
features of a mentor over someone
who is simply a good supervisor.
Good mentors saw it as their
responsibility to share their network.
Clinical Research for Medical Students
Thank you

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Clinical Research for Medical Students

  • 1. Clinical Research For Medical Students Ahmed Negida Fifth year student (2016-2017) Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt
  • 4. Austin Bradford Hill (1948 first RCTs, 1950s)
  • 7. Paul Glaseziou et al. BMJ 2008;337:a1253 doi:10.1136/bmj.a1253
  • 8. Clinical Research For Medical Students Ahmed Negida Fifth year student (2016-2017) Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt
  • 9. ILOs • What is the importance of research for medical students? • Barriers towards student research • What is the difference between clinical research and lab research? • What are the basic skills that a student should learn before starting? • What are the recommended learning resources of research basics? • How to start? (as an undergraduate student in Egypt) • How to select a good research mentor? (Nature Guide) • Other Q & A …?
  • 11. Importance of research for medical students Research is the backbone of progress of medicine
  • 12. Importance of research for medical students You will learn persistence and many soft skills
  • 13. Importance of research for medical students Advance your knowledge
  • 14. Importance of research for medical students Build a strong CV  Help you get scholarships and grants  Help you get good MSc and PhD offers
  • 15. Importance of research for medical students Continue your career abroad
  • 16. Importance of research for medical students Connections with leading scientists in the field
  • 18. In 2006, Mostafa et al. performed a cross sectional evaluation in Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University to investigate students’ perceptions and attitudes towards research.
  • 19. Students’ interest in research Students’ perception of research 70-80% of students are interested in research 80-90% of students think that research is important
  • 20.  Curriculum overload - Lack of time (75.0%)  Lack of training (71.6%)  Lack of staff guidance and cooperation (39.1%)  Lack of Interest and Motivation (22.5%)  Lack of funding  Lack of incentives (19.1%) Main problems identified in Egypt
  • 21. Lack of time Solution: Appropriate time management starts by setting clear vision and well defined goals. * Follow your time * Remodel your activities
  • 23. Lack of Fund SOLUTION: 1-There are a few available grants (you can apply with your mentor as PI) 2- During publication, most journals offer waivers to authors from MLICs. 3- Some universities may provide partial fund. (eg. Mansoura university)
  • 24. The gap btw our education and recent advances in medicine (Out-of-date knowledge) SOLUTION: 1- Subscribe to newsletter of famous journals in your area of interest 2- Read as much as you can 3- CME online
  • 27. Primary research vs. Secondary research Primary Research Secondary Research • Original Data • Information appear for the first time • Summary/ collation and/or synthesis of existing research • Use existing data from Primary Sources
  • 30. Clinical Research Basic Science Research Requires Patients + patient data Deals with Patients Test Tube Research Requires Prepared Labs Studies fundamental functions in biology May involve: Animal Models, Tissue Culture • Molecular Mechanisms • Cell Cycle • Receptors • Genes Has Clinical Relevance Usually has more weight Generate More Knowledge Does not have direct clinical relevance
  • 33. Basic Skills (before you start) SKILLSTEP Creative thinking & Reading1. Research Idea How to use databases2. Search Literature Protocol writing 3. Formulate hypothesis 4. Plan for the study 5. Pilot study Data collection tools (+/- clinical skills) 6. Implementation 7. Data collection Medical statistics8. Data analysis Scientific writing9. Reporting Presentation & communication skills10. Presenting/Publishing
  • 34. Research design Epidemiology, Evidence Based Medicine, and Public Health Designing clinical research
  • 35. 1. Medical statistics made easy 2. Medical statistics at a glance 3. Oxford Handbook of Medical statistics 4. Biostatistics (Basic concepts and methodology for health sciences)  SPSS for starters  Biostatistics in Public Health using Stata Medical statistics
  • 36. Scientific Writing Publishing and presenting clinical research Scientific writing; easy when you know how
  • 37. Systematic review and Meta-analysis Introduction to Meta-analysis Cochrane Handbook of SR and MA
  • 39. Our inverted pyramid model START
  • 40. Advantages of our model 1. Rapid publications in a relatively shorter time 2. The start is more relevant to clinical practice 3. Students’ chance to work with faculty members increase over time
  • 41. Where can you do lab research in Egypt? • MERC (Mansoura experimental research center) • NCI (National Cancer Institute) • NRC (National Research Center • Alexandria Medical Research Institute • Zewail University
  • 42. [6] How to find a mentor
  • 43. Finding a mentor in your institution
  • 44. Finding a mentor in your institution
  • 46. He always keeps in touch with ex-students, postdocs and so on after they have moved on. Even if he is not directly helping them, he keeps himself aware of their activities and at times informs them of things he believes would be of interest or useful, to them. He genuinely treats his ex-students and postdocs as part of an extended family . A Mentor for Life! Mentor vs. Supervisor A student with a career A student with a project
  • 47. SENSITIVITY • When things go wrong, it is important to find out why things happened the way they did. • There could be personal factors (sickness, relationship break- ups) that contribute to unhappy decisions or results. • Although I may not be able to provide the solution to personal problems, I can provide a sympathetic ear as well as advice or direction to support services.
  • 48. Appreciating individual differences • Understand and accept individual differences • Personality of students in work might influence the way they do experiments or think about problems, or write their reports.
  • 49. RESPECT • Treating students as their colleagues • Building confidence into younger collaborators
  • 50. • Honestly sharing his own ideas and discussing with his team • Has NO intellectual jealousy • Happy to see others succeed • Push them forward Unselfishness
  • 51. Availability: the open door Availability is the standout quality appreciated by the mentees. Despite enormous workloads and responsibilities, the mentor was always there and the door was always open.
  • 52. Enthusiasm, Inspiration, and Optimism • Very passionate to science • Infectious enthusiasm • Inspiring his students (to avoid burn out)
  • 53. Balancing direction and self-direction • How much guidance to give can be a challenge! • There were many negative comments about those who have been seen to micromanage. • Yet there was also criticism of those who let students run free and learn by their mistakes.
  • 54. The initial project • Select a guaranteed project at first • Avoid losing interest
  • 55. Celebration • The importance of celebration and rewarding successes, large and small, is often neglected. • Yet it can be highly encouraging to individuals and can contribute to the building of communities. • The guiding principle is that celebration, however large or small, is a powerful motivator.
  • 56. Building communities • A constant theme from the groups supporting their mentor was the sense of community. • The successful mentors realized the need to build communities to create an environment where all under their care could flourish. They all had deliberate and varied strategies to build these communities.
  • 57. Skill development – Capacity building • It is clear that successful mentors work hard at developing the scientific skills of their charges.
  • 58. • Constructive criticism • Manuscript writing • Oral presentations
  • 59. Networking Networking is one of the distinguishing features of a mentor over someone who is simply a good supervisor. Good mentors saw it as their responsibility to share their network.

Notes de l'éditeur

  1. A person who feels appreciated will always do more than expected!