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© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID 1
Chapter 2.2:
Laptops
IT Essentials 5.0
Presentation_ID 2© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
Laptops
 Notebooks and laptops are types of portable
computers.
 The most significant feature of a laptop is its compact
size. The design of the laptop places the keyboard,
screen, and internal components into a small, portable
case.
 Laptops can be used to take notes in school, present
information in a business meeting, or access the
Internet in a coffee shop.
Presentation_ID 3© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
Components of a laptop
 Common laptop features:
•Integrated display screen in lid
•Integrated keyboard
•AC power source or rechargeable battery
•Hot-swappable drives and peripherals
•PC Card or ExpressCard slots
•Status indicators, ports, slots, connectors, bays, jacks, vents,
and a keyhole are on the exterior of the laptop
Presentation_ID 4© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
Components on the outside of a laptop
 Top view of virtual laptop
Bluetooth
status LED
Battery
status LED
Standby
LED
Presentation_ID 5© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
Components on the outside of a laptop
(Continued)
 Rear view of virtual laptop
AC power
connector
Parallel port
Battery bay
Presentation_ID 6© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
Components on the outside of a laptop
(Continued)
 Left side view of virtual laptop
Security
keyhole
USB
port
S-video
port
Headphone
jack
Microphone
jack
PC card
slot
Ventilation grill
RJ-11 modem
Ethernet
port
Network LEDs
Presentation_ID 7© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
Components on the outside of a laptop
(Continued)
 Front view of virtual laptop
Infrared
port
Speakers
Latch
Ventilation grill
Presentation_ID 8© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
Components on the outside of a laptop
(Continued)
 Right side view of virtual laptop
Optical drive
Optical drive
indicator
VGA
port
Drive bay
indicator
Presentation_ID 9© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
Components on the outside of a laptop
(Continued)
 Underside view of virtual laptop
Hard drive
access panel
Battery
latches
Docking
connector
RAM
access
panel
Presentation_ID 10© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
Components on the inside of a laptop
 Open view of laptop
Keyboard
Volume controls Power button
Touchpad
Pointer controller
Fingerprint
reader
Presentation_ID 11© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
Components on the inside of a laptop
(Continued)
 LEDs inside laptop
Wireless Bluetooth Caps lock
Num lock
Hard
drive Battery
Power
on
Standby
Presentation_ID 12© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
Compare Desktop and Laptop
Motherboards
Presentation_ID 13© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
Laptop Components - Laptop CPU
 Laptop processors are designed to use less power
and create less heat than desktop processors. As a
result, laptop processors do not require cooling
devices that are as large as those found in desktops.
 Laptop processors also use CPU throttling to modify
the clock speed as needed to reduce power
consumption and heat. These specially-designed
processors allow a laptop to operate longer when
using a battery.
Presentation_ID 14© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
Laptop Components (Continued)
Monitor, Fn key, and Function keys F1 through F12
 A laptop monitor is a built-in LCD. A desktop
monitor can be added to a laptop.
 The Fn key is used to activate a second function on
a dual-purpose key.
• The feature that is accessed by pressing the Fn key in
combination with another key is printed on the key in a
smaller font or different color.
 The purpose of the Function keys F1-to-F12
depends on the operating system and the
application running.
Presentation_ID 15© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
Laptop Components (Continued)
 Port Replicator - may contain a SCSI port, a
networking port, PS/2 ports, USB ports, and a game
port.
• Docking Station - has the same ports as a port
replicator, but adds the ability to connect to PCI cards,
additional hard drives, optical drives, and floppy drives.
•A laptop connected to a docking station has the
same functionalities as a desktop computer.
Presentation_ID 16© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
Components on a docking station
 Top view of docking station
Docking
connector
Power
button
Eject
button
Presentation_ID 17© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
Components on a docking station
(Continued)
 Rear view of docking station
Exhaust
vent
AC power
connector
PC card
slot
Ethernet
port
RJ-11
port
Serial
port
VGA
port
Parallel
port
DVI
port
External-diskette-drive
connector
Headphone
connector
Line In
connector
USB
port
Keyboard
port
Mouse
port
Presentation_ID 18© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
Components on a docking station
(Continued)
 Right side view of docking station
Key lock
Presentation_ID 19© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
Laptop Display Types
Laptop monitors are built-in displays. There are four
types of laptop displays:
 LCD - Liquid Crystal Display
 LED – Light Emitting Diode - uses less power and has
a longer lifespan than LCD monitors
 OLED - Organic LED
 Plasma – rarely used in laptops due to high power
consumption
Presentation_ID 20© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
Backlights, Inverters and Wi-Fi Antenna
 The Inverter converts DC power to the higher voltage AC
power that is required by the backlight.
 The Backlight shines through the screen and illuminates the
display.
•Two common types of backlights are cold cathode fluorescent lamp
(CCFL) and LED.
•Cold cathode fluorescent lamp (CCFL) are used in LCD monitors.
• Wi-Fi antennas transmit and receive data carried out over wireless
signals. Wi-Fi antennas in laptops are typically located above the screen,
Presentation_ID 21© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
Configure Laptop Power Settings
 The Advanced Configuration and Power Interface (ACPI)
standards create a bridge between the hardware and OS and allow
technicians to create power management schemes to get the best
performance from the computer.
 The ACPI standards are applicable to most computers, but they are
particularly important when managing power in laptops.
 These are the steps to access the ACPI settings in the BIOS:
1. Enter BIOS setup by pressing the appropriate key or key combination while
the computer is booting. Typically this is the Delete key or the F2 key, but
there are several other options.
2. Locate and enter the “Power Management settings” menu item.
3. Use the appropriate keys to enable ACPI mode.
4. Save and Exit BIOS setup.
Presentation_ID 22© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
Power Settings in Windows
 The Power Options feature in Windows allows you to
reduce the power consumption of a number of devices
or of the entire system. Use Power Options to control
the power management features of the following:
•Laptop
•Hard drive
•Display
•Sleep timers
•Low-battery warnings
 To configure your power settings, click:
Start > Control Panel > Power Options
Presentation_ID 23© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
Laptop Communication Methods
 Laptops use several different
communication methods:
•Bluetooth
•Infrared
•Cellular WAN
•Wi-Fi
Presentation_ID 24© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
Bluetooth
Presentation_ID 25© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
Infrared
 A short-range, low-throughput wireless technology used
as a data transmission medium.
 Infrared light signals operate in the lowest light frequency.
 Distances are limited to a few feet or meters.
 IR cannot penetrate any object that blocks the light
signal.
 Three types of IR networks:
• Line of sight - The signal is transmitted only if there is a clear,
unobstructed view between devices.
• Scatter - The signal is bounced off ceilings and walls.
• Reflective - The signal is sent to an optical transceiver and is redirected
to the receiving device.
Presentation_ID 26© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
Cellular WAN
 To connect a laptop to a cellular WAN, you install
an adapter that is designed to work with cellular
networks.
•Cellular WAN cards are plug-and-play.
• Can be plugged in to the PC card slot or is built in to
the laptop.
•Also, access with a USB adapter or by using a mobile
hotspot.
 Laptops with integrated cellular WAN capabilities
require no software installation and no additional
antenna or accessories.
Presentation_ID 27© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
Wi-Fi
 Wi-Fi is a wireless technology that provides a
simple connection from anywhere within the range
of a base station.
 Connection distances of 300 feet (91 meters) or
more, depending on the environment.
 Ease of access makes Wi-Fi a simple solution for
network connectivity.
Presentation_ID 28© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
Wi-Fi
Laptops access the internet by using wireless adapters
 Mini-PCI - Commonly used by older laptops. Mini-PCI
cards have 124 pins and are capable of 802.11a,
802.11b and 802.11g wireless LAN connection
standards.
 Mini-PCIe - Most common type of wireless card in
laptops. Mini-PCIe cards have 54 pins and support all
wireless LAN standards.
 PCI Express Micro - Commonly found in newer and
smaller laptops, such as Ultrabooks, because they are
half the size of Mini-PCIe cards.
Presentation_ID 29© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
Laptop Expansion Options
 PC Card or ExpressCard slots used to add functionality
such as:
• Wi-Fi connectivity
• Ethernet access
• USB and FireWire ports
• External hard drive access
• Additional memory
 ExpressCard is the newer model of expansion card and
is most commonly used:
• ExpressCard /34 - 34 mm wide
• ExpressCard /54 - 54 mm wide
Presentation_ID 30© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
Laptop Expansion Options
 Flash Memory
•External Flash Drive
•Flash Cards and Flash Card Readers
 SODIMM - smaller profile memory chip used by laptops
•72-pin and 100-pin configurations for support of 32-bit transfers.
•144-pin, 200-pin, and 204-pin configurations for support of 64-
bit transfers.
Note: Before purchasing and installing additional RAM,
consult the laptop documentation or the website of the
manufacturer for form-factor specifications.
Presentation_ID 31© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
Replacing Hardware Devices
 Customer Replaceable Units (CRUs) can be replaced by the
customer.
 Field Replaceable Units (FRUs) should only be replaced by a
qualified field technician typically in a repair center. Repairs include:
• Hardware and software diagnostics
• Data transfer and recovery
• Hard drive installation and upgrades
• RAM installation and upgrades
• Keyboard and fan replacement
• Internal laptop cleaning
• LCD screen repair
• LCD inverter and backlight repair

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POLITEKNIK MALAYSIA
 

POLITEKNIK MALAYSIA

  • 1. © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID 1 Chapter 2.2: Laptops IT Essentials 5.0
  • 2. Presentation_ID 2© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential Laptops  Notebooks and laptops are types of portable computers.  The most significant feature of a laptop is its compact size. The design of the laptop places the keyboard, screen, and internal components into a small, portable case.  Laptops can be used to take notes in school, present information in a business meeting, or access the Internet in a coffee shop.
  • 3. Presentation_ID 3© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential Components of a laptop  Common laptop features: •Integrated display screen in lid •Integrated keyboard •AC power source or rechargeable battery •Hot-swappable drives and peripherals •PC Card or ExpressCard slots •Status indicators, ports, slots, connectors, bays, jacks, vents, and a keyhole are on the exterior of the laptop
  • 4. Presentation_ID 4© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential Components on the outside of a laptop  Top view of virtual laptop Bluetooth status LED Battery status LED Standby LED
  • 5. Presentation_ID 5© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential Components on the outside of a laptop (Continued)  Rear view of virtual laptop AC power connector Parallel port Battery bay
  • 6. Presentation_ID 6© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential Components on the outside of a laptop (Continued)  Left side view of virtual laptop Security keyhole USB port S-video port Headphone jack Microphone jack PC card slot Ventilation grill RJ-11 modem Ethernet port Network LEDs
  • 7. Presentation_ID 7© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential Components on the outside of a laptop (Continued)  Front view of virtual laptop Infrared port Speakers Latch Ventilation grill
  • 8. Presentation_ID 8© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential Components on the outside of a laptop (Continued)  Right side view of virtual laptop Optical drive Optical drive indicator VGA port Drive bay indicator
  • 9. Presentation_ID 9© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential Components on the outside of a laptop (Continued)  Underside view of virtual laptop Hard drive access panel Battery latches Docking connector RAM access panel
  • 10. Presentation_ID 10© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential Components on the inside of a laptop  Open view of laptop Keyboard Volume controls Power button Touchpad Pointer controller Fingerprint reader
  • 11. Presentation_ID 11© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential Components on the inside of a laptop (Continued)  LEDs inside laptop Wireless Bluetooth Caps lock Num lock Hard drive Battery Power on Standby
  • 12. Presentation_ID 12© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential Compare Desktop and Laptop Motherboards
  • 13. Presentation_ID 13© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential Laptop Components - Laptop CPU  Laptop processors are designed to use less power and create less heat than desktop processors. As a result, laptop processors do not require cooling devices that are as large as those found in desktops.  Laptop processors also use CPU throttling to modify the clock speed as needed to reduce power consumption and heat. These specially-designed processors allow a laptop to operate longer when using a battery.
  • 14. Presentation_ID 14© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential Laptop Components (Continued) Monitor, Fn key, and Function keys F1 through F12  A laptop monitor is a built-in LCD. A desktop monitor can be added to a laptop.  The Fn key is used to activate a second function on a dual-purpose key. • The feature that is accessed by pressing the Fn key in combination with another key is printed on the key in a smaller font or different color.  The purpose of the Function keys F1-to-F12 depends on the operating system and the application running.
  • 15. Presentation_ID 15© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential Laptop Components (Continued)  Port Replicator - may contain a SCSI port, a networking port, PS/2 ports, USB ports, and a game port. • Docking Station - has the same ports as a port replicator, but adds the ability to connect to PCI cards, additional hard drives, optical drives, and floppy drives. •A laptop connected to a docking station has the same functionalities as a desktop computer.
  • 16. Presentation_ID 16© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential Components on a docking station  Top view of docking station Docking connector Power button Eject button
  • 17. Presentation_ID 17© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential Components on a docking station (Continued)  Rear view of docking station Exhaust vent AC power connector PC card slot Ethernet port RJ-11 port Serial port VGA port Parallel port DVI port External-diskette-drive connector Headphone connector Line In connector USB port Keyboard port Mouse port
  • 18. Presentation_ID 18© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential Components on a docking station (Continued)  Right side view of docking station Key lock
  • 19. Presentation_ID 19© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential Laptop Display Types Laptop monitors are built-in displays. There are four types of laptop displays:  LCD - Liquid Crystal Display  LED – Light Emitting Diode - uses less power and has a longer lifespan than LCD monitors  OLED - Organic LED  Plasma – rarely used in laptops due to high power consumption
  • 20. Presentation_ID 20© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential Backlights, Inverters and Wi-Fi Antenna  The Inverter converts DC power to the higher voltage AC power that is required by the backlight.  The Backlight shines through the screen and illuminates the display. •Two common types of backlights are cold cathode fluorescent lamp (CCFL) and LED. •Cold cathode fluorescent lamp (CCFL) are used in LCD monitors. • Wi-Fi antennas transmit and receive data carried out over wireless signals. Wi-Fi antennas in laptops are typically located above the screen,
  • 21. Presentation_ID 21© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential Configure Laptop Power Settings  The Advanced Configuration and Power Interface (ACPI) standards create a bridge between the hardware and OS and allow technicians to create power management schemes to get the best performance from the computer.  The ACPI standards are applicable to most computers, but they are particularly important when managing power in laptops.  These are the steps to access the ACPI settings in the BIOS: 1. Enter BIOS setup by pressing the appropriate key or key combination while the computer is booting. Typically this is the Delete key or the F2 key, but there are several other options. 2. Locate and enter the “Power Management settings” menu item. 3. Use the appropriate keys to enable ACPI mode. 4. Save and Exit BIOS setup.
  • 22. Presentation_ID 22© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential Power Settings in Windows  The Power Options feature in Windows allows you to reduce the power consumption of a number of devices or of the entire system. Use Power Options to control the power management features of the following: •Laptop •Hard drive •Display •Sleep timers •Low-battery warnings  To configure your power settings, click: Start > Control Panel > Power Options
  • 23. Presentation_ID 23© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential Laptop Communication Methods  Laptops use several different communication methods: •Bluetooth •Infrared •Cellular WAN •Wi-Fi
  • 24. Presentation_ID 24© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential Bluetooth
  • 25. Presentation_ID 25© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential Infrared  A short-range, low-throughput wireless technology used as a data transmission medium.  Infrared light signals operate in the lowest light frequency.  Distances are limited to a few feet or meters.  IR cannot penetrate any object that blocks the light signal.  Three types of IR networks: • Line of sight - The signal is transmitted only if there is a clear, unobstructed view between devices. • Scatter - The signal is bounced off ceilings and walls. • Reflective - The signal is sent to an optical transceiver and is redirected to the receiving device.
  • 26. Presentation_ID 26© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential Cellular WAN  To connect a laptop to a cellular WAN, you install an adapter that is designed to work with cellular networks. •Cellular WAN cards are plug-and-play. • Can be plugged in to the PC card slot or is built in to the laptop. •Also, access with a USB adapter or by using a mobile hotspot.  Laptops with integrated cellular WAN capabilities require no software installation and no additional antenna or accessories.
  • 27. Presentation_ID 27© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential Wi-Fi  Wi-Fi is a wireless technology that provides a simple connection from anywhere within the range of a base station.  Connection distances of 300 feet (91 meters) or more, depending on the environment.  Ease of access makes Wi-Fi a simple solution for network connectivity.
  • 28. Presentation_ID 28© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential Wi-Fi Laptops access the internet by using wireless adapters  Mini-PCI - Commonly used by older laptops. Mini-PCI cards have 124 pins and are capable of 802.11a, 802.11b and 802.11g wireless LAN connection standards.  Mini-PCIe - Most common type of wireless card in laptops. Mini-PCIe cards have 54 pins and support all wireless LAN standards.  PCI Express Micro - Commonly found in newer and smaller laptops, such as Ultrabooks, because they are half the size of Mini-PCIe cards.
  • 29. Presentation_ID 29© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential Laptop Expansion Options  PC Card or ExpressCard slots used to add functionality such as: • Wi-Fi connectivity • Ethernet access • USB and FireWire ports • External hard drive access • Additional memory  ExpressCard is the newer model of expansion card and is most commonly used: • ExpressCard /34 - 34 mm wide • ExpressCard /54 - 54 mm wide
  • 30. Presentation_ID 30© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential Laptop Expansion Options  Flash Memory •External Flash Drive •Flash Cards and Flash Card Readers  SODIMM - smaller profile memory chip used by laptops •72-pin and 100-pin configurations for support of 32-bit transfers. •144-pin, 200-pin, and 204-pin configurations for support of 64- bit transfers. Note: Before purchasing and installing additional RAM, consult the laptop documentation or the website of the manufacturer for form-factor specifications.
  • 31. Presentation_ID 31© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential Replacing Hardware Devices  Customer Replaceable Units (CRUs) can be replaced by the customer.  Field Replaceable Units (FRUs) should only be replaced by a qualified field technician typically in a repair center. Repairs include: • Hardware and software diagnostics • Data transfer and recovery • Hard drive installation and upgrades • RAM installation and upgrades • Keyboard and fan replacement • Internal laptop cleaning • LCD screen repair • LCD inverter and backlight repair