2. 


Purpose :
To describe a particular
person, place or thing in
detail.
Generic Structure :
Identifications : identifies
phenomenon to be described.
Description : describes parts
qualities, characteristics.
Significant Lexicogrammatical
Features :
Focus on particular
Participant.
Use of Attributive and
Identifying Processes.
Frequent use of Epithets and
Classifiers in nominal groups.
Use of simple present tense.
MY GUITAR
My most valuable possession is an old, slightly warped blond
guitar, the first instrument I taught myself how to play.
It's nothing fancy, just a Madeira folk guitar, all scuffed
and scratched and finger-printed. At the top is a bramble of
copper-wound strings, each one hooked through the eye of a
silver tuning key. The strings are stretched down a long, slim
neck, its frets tarnished, the wood worn by years of fingers
pressing chords and picking notes. The body of the Madeira is
shaped like an enormous yellow pear, one that was slightly
damaged in shipping. The blond wood has been chipped and
gouged to gray, particularly where the pick guard fell off
years ago.
No, it's not a beautiful instrument, but it still lets me make
music, and for that I will always treasure it.

3. 


Purpose :
To amuse, entertain and to deal with actual or
vicarious experience in different ways; narratives
deal with problematic events which lead to a crisis
or lurning point of some kind, which in turn finds
a resolution.
Generic Structure :
Orientation : sets the scene and introduces the
participants.
Evaluation : a stepping back to evaluate the plight.
Complication : a crisis arises.
Resolution : the crisis is resolved, for better or for
worse.
Re-orientation : optional.
Significant Lexicogrammatical Features :
Focus and specific and usually Individualized
Participant.
Use of Material processes (and in this text,
behavioual and verbal processes).
Use of Relational Processes and Mental Processes.
Use of temporal conjunctions and temporal
Circumstances.
Use of past tense.
SNOW WHITE
Orientation
Once upon a time there lived a little girl named Snow White.
She lived with her Aunt and Uncle because her parents were
dead.
Complication 1
One day she heard her Uncle and Aunt talking about leaving
Snow White in the castle because they both wanted to go to
America and they didn’t have enough money to take Snow
White.
Snow White did not want her Uncle and Aunt to do this so
she decided it would be best if she ran away. The next
morning she ran away from home when her Aunt and Uncle
were having breakfast. She ran away into the woods.
Resolution 1
Then she saw this little cottage. She knocked but no one
answered so she went inside and fell asleep.
Meanwhile, the seven dwarfs were coming home from work.
They went inside. There they found Snow White sleeping.
Then Snow White woke up. She saw the dwarfs. The dwarfs
said, “what is your name?” Snow White said, “My name is
Snow White.”
Doc, one of the dwarfs, said, “If you wish, you may live here
with us.” Snow White said, “Oh could I? Thank you.” Then
Snow White told the dwarfs the whole story and finally Snow
White and the 7 dwarfs lived happily ever after.

4. Purpose :
To retell something that
happened in the past and to tell a
series of past event.
 Generic Structure :
Orientation : provides the setting
and introduces participants.
Events : tell what happened, in
what sequence.
Re-orientation : optional-closure
of events.
 Significant Lexicogrammatical
Features :
Focus on specific Participant.
Use of material processes.
Circumstances of time and place.
Use of past tense.
Focus on temporal sequence.

Our trip to the Blue Mountain
Orientation
On Friday we went to the Blue
Mountains. We stayed at David and
Della’s house. It has a big garden with
lots of colourful flowers and a tennis
court.
Events
On Saturday we saw the Three Sisters
and went on the scenic railway. It was
scary. Then, Mummy and I went
shopping with Della. We went to some
antique shops and I tried on some old
hats. On Sunday we went on the Scenic
Skyway and it rocked. We saw
cockatoos having a shower
Reorientation
In the afternoon we went home. That
was very pleasent moment with my
family that I ever got.

5. Purpose :
To describe how something is
accomplished through a sequence of
actions or steps.
Generic Structure :
Goal
Material (not required for all procedural
texts).
Step 1-n (i.e. Goal followed by a series of
steps oriented to achieving the Goal)
Significant Lexicogrammatical Features :
Focus on generalized human agents.
Use of simple present tense, often
Imperative.
Use mainly of temporal conjuctions (or
numbering to indicate sequence).
Use mainly of Material Processes.

How to Make a Cup of Black
Coffee
INGREDIENTS :
1. Black coffee powder
2. Sugar
3. Milk (if you like)
4. Hot water
STEPS :
1. Heat water until boiled.
2. Pick a cup.
3. Put a spoon of black coffee
powder.
4. Don't forget to add some sugar.
5. Pour the hot water into the cup.
6. If you like milk, you can also add
it into your coffee
7. A cup of black coffee is ready to
drink

6. Purpose :
To describe the way things are, with
reference to arange of natural, man-made
and social phenomena in our environment.
Generic Structure :
General classifications : tells what the
phenomenon under discussion is.
Description tells what the phenomenon
under discussion is like in terms of (1)
parts, (2) qulitifies, (3) habits or behaviors,
if living; uses, if non-natural.
Significant Lexicogrammatical Features :
Focus on Generic Participant.
Use of Relational Processes to state what is
and that which it is.
Use of simple present tense (uniess
extinct).
No temporal sequence.
THE PELICAN REPORT
General Clasification
The white pelican is one of the most successful
fish-eating birds.
Description
The success is largely due to its command
hunting behaviour. A group, perhaps two
dozen birds, will gather in a curved arc some
distance offshore. The birds then begin to
move forward towards the shore, beating the
water furiously with their wings, driving the
fish before them.
When the water is shallow enough for the
birds to reach the fish, the formation breaks up
as each bird dips its bill into the water to scoop
up its meal. As the bird lifts its head, the water
drains from its bill leaving the fish which are
then swallowed. Pelicans are among the oldest
group of birds, Fossils of this genus have been
found dating back 40 million years